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1 China Review of Inter national Cr iminal Law 1

2 CIP. 1 / ISBN !.... ".... #. $. D CIP China Review of International Criminal Law /16 566! ISBN /D E - mailcpep@phcppsu. bta. net. cn www. jgclub. com. cn

3 College for Criminal Law Science of Beijing Normal University Sponsors Inter national Association of Penal Law China Review of Inter national Cr iminal Law Volume 1 Consultant Gao Mingxuan Wan Exiang Editor in Chief Zhao Bingzhi Lu Jianping Executive Editor Wang Xiumei Publishing House of People' s Public Secur ity Univer sity of China Beijing

4 Cherif M. Bassiouni Jose Luis de la Cuesta Reynald Ottenhof Hans. Peter Kaul Roy S. Lee!

5

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8 ! " Intr oduction to China Review of Inter national Cr iminal Law In order to carry out the mankind idea of widespread and last long peaceful dream or calleduniversal harmony in the world the human society have earlily anchored great and earnest hope in the international criminal law. The tremendous disaster brought by the two world war of the last century also urges the fulfillment and the theories of the international criminal law. A great quantity of documents pertaining to international criminal legislation were published in successionwith the Nuremberg judge the Tokyo judge the Hague judge etc. as its remarkable signs the practice of the international criminal judiciary attracts the attention of the whole world The formality movement of the United Nations IC- TY and ICTR particularly the permanent international criminal court even makes the development of the international criminal law usher in a new era in history. Beyond all doubt no matter seen from the visual field of practice or theories research the international criminal law is the most quickly developing branch of the realm of nowadays law. The mission of the international penal code is to make conflict withthe common enemy of mankind society as a result the development of the international penal code undoubtedly has worldwide influence It not only makes the international law which was always thought assoft law orweek law in traditional ideas pack up tooth and becomestrong law but also makes the relationship between international law and local law unprecedentedly close It makes people more clearly recognize the widespread value of human society than they did in any former time the value that may be easily infringed upon and the extreme importance to keep these value. Its further development will still promote the collective cooperation among countries in the field of prevention and cure of interna- "!

9 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) tional crime and maintenance of world peace and make international society solidify together tightly with a kind of all new feature. Facing such a quickly developing profoundly affecting and newly realm of law the Chinese circles of jurisprudence and law who are now in the great progress of reformation and opening certainly high value and pay close attention to it. The born of the International Criminal Law Review in China centralizedly represents the degree of treasuring and concerning The China Review of International Criminal Law was jointly organized by the College for Criminal Law Science of Beijing Normal University and the Chinese branch of the International Criminal Law Association and was assisted strongly and got special permission from the International Criminal Law Association and its journal International Criminal Law Review which was published with English French and Spanish. The Chinese Supreme People' s Court and the Publishing House of People' spublic Security University of China give great support to the publication and distribution of this journal from both the spiritual and the material sides. The Publication aim of the China Review of International Criminal Law is To open a window by which the great majority of Chinese readers who passion world peace and support the fair and justice of mankind pay attention to the progress of the lawmaking and judicatories practices and keep abreast of the developing trend of the international criminal law theory. To provide a terrace by which the Chinese and foreigners who are enthusiastic about the universal dissemination of the international penal code theories knowledge and actively participate in the discussion and research about the important theories problem of international criminal law can announce one' s standpoints and exchange their opinions. To provide the reference and the consultation opinions in order to develop and perfect international crime lawmaking judicatory the same time draw lessons from the experience of international and all countries for the construction in order to make China a rule-by-law socialism country especially the construction of crime to rule of law. For this issue set up many columns such as academic argument forum " #

10 ! " on the ICC carefully selected judicial precedent the dynamic information. We will adhere to the publishing principle includig combining the theories with the fulfillment the history with reality and the communicating between international and domestics and do and work hard to make the publication become a local authority international forerunner of top - grade and professional academic publication in the short period. Just as the toil parents name for their new born child applying for a residence permit delivering the wedding invitation and doing the full moon wine when this new publication the China Review of International Criminal Law come out we have the infinite joy to share with everyone As young parents will be filled with expect to the child in the future we also send infinite hope to the new born China Review of International Criminal Law. Although the front road is rugged frustrated we believe deeply that the this young sprout will certainly grow healthy and strong under the concern of the wide readers the support of the Chinese and Foreign authors and with the effort of the edition publication publishment personnel Let us together look forward to The editorial board of China Review of International Criminal Law May of 2006 " $

11 ! "!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! $!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ()!!!!!!!!!!!!!! )!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!#)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*!!!!!!!!!!! S. #+(!!!! #$*!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! # (!!!!!!!!!!! Sang - Hyun Song #)!!!!!!!!!!! #()!!!!!!!!!!

12 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) # " #)$!!!!!!! $+!!!!!!!!!!!! $#$!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! David J. Scheffer $!!!!!!!! $)#!!!!!!!! S. +!!!!!! +)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! #!!!!!!!!!!!!! 17 #*!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! #*!!!!!!!!!! $+!!!!!!!!!!!! +!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! *!!!!!!!!!!!

13 !"#$$ Content Introduction tochina Review of International Criminal Law!!!!!!! Academic For um The New Development of International Criminal Law in Modern Society!!!!!!!!!! Gao Mingxuan Wang Xiumei $ Universal Jurisdiction in Historical Perspectives Universal Jurisdiction Theory and Practice from Piracy Prosecutions to the Present!! On the Nomological Source of International Criminal Law and Cherif M. Bassiouni translated by wang Xiumei! the Impact On The Traditional International Law!!!!!!!! Liu Daqun On The Establishment of the Principles of International Criminal Law!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Jurisprudence Analysis on Genocide Lu Jianping Wang Junxiang ()!!!!!!!!!!!!! The General Elements of The Crimes Against Humanity Protect women s Sexual Rights by International Criminal Law during the Armed Conflict!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Rethinking Aggression as a Crime and Formulating Its Elements The Final Work - product of the Preparatory Commission for the International Criminal Court!!!!!!!!!! The Extradition and Asylum in International Criminal Law The Positive Course As The Formation of the Principles of the Customary International Law Luo Haishan )! Du Qixin!#) Du Xiaojun!* Roger S. Clark translated by Miao Miao #+(!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Furum of International Criminal Court The International Criminal Court Impartial and Efficient International Criminal Justice for Asia and the World!!!!!!!!!!!! Lin Xin #$* Qin Yihe # ( Sang - Hyun Song translated by Wang Qianqian #) "!

14 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) The Research and Analysis on Justice and Validity of International Criminal Court!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! International Crimes and International Criminal Courts!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! The Comparative Research on the Different Types of International Zhao Bingzhi Zhou Lulu #() Colin Warbrick translated by Jiang Na #) Criminal Tribunals!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Lin Yan $+ Research on the Establishment of ICTY!!!!!!!!!!!!!! lin Wei $#$ Staying the Course of the International Criminal Court!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Japan' s View on the International Criminal Court!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! David J. Scheffer translated by Qiu Ling $ Naoko Saiki translated by Chen Canping $)# Selected Cases The Case of The S. S. LotusFrench v. Turkey!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Lockerbie Airliner Bombing case and its related issues Roger S. Clark translated by Han Yi +!!!!!!! Development Infor mation Strategy of Development of International Association of Penal Law!!!!!!!!!!!! Wang Houli +) Jose Luis De La Cuesta translated by Lu Jianping #! Resolutions on the 17th International Congress of Penal Law #*!!!!!!! Section! Criminal Responsibility of Minors in National and International Legal Order #(!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Section" Corruption and Related Offences in International Business Relations $!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Section# The Application of Principles of Criminal Procedure in Disciplinary Proceedings Section$ Concurrent National and International Criminal!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Jurisdiction and the PrincipleNe bis in idem!!!!!!!!!!!!! The Code of Crimes Against International Law!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! translated by Zhao Yang Wei Wu * " #

15

16 The New Development of International Criminal Law in Modern Society!!! Gao Mingxuan Wang Xiumei AbstractThere are a great deal of obvious evidence to show that the development of international criminal law is following the international criminal justice such as Nuremberg trail Tokyo trail Former Yugoslavia tribunal Rwanda tribunal and etc. In the process of progressing international criminal law there are many new concepts and principles that are recognized by international community gradually for instance concepts of genocide crimes a- gainst humanity war crimes and principles of legality complimentarity jurisdiction individual criminal responsibility international cooperation and legal assistant. However the establishment of the International Criminal Court is undoubtedly one of the most important milestones of the international criminal law system. This paper finally emphasizes that the United Na-!!! " $

17 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) tions the UN Charter and its resolutions play fundamental role in development international criminal law. Key wordsthe present age International Criminal Law Development Farhad Malekian The Monopolization of International Criminal Law in the United Nations A Jurisprudential Approach Uppsala University Reprocentralen HSC Sweden 1995 p. 29. Gerhard O. W. Mueller Edward M. Wise eds. International Criminal Law at "

18 Piracy ( M. Cherif Bassiouni International Criminal Law Martinus Nijihoff Publishers The Natherlands 1980 at ( Peter Von Hagenbush Laws of God and Man M. Cherif Bassiouni The Time Has Come for an International Criminal Court atindiana International and Comparative Law Review Spring " *

19 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) ( Treaty of Sèvres 1923 Treaty of Lausanne M. Cherif Bassiouni The Time Has Come For An International Criminal Court atindiana International and Comparative Law Review Spring 1991 M. Cherif Bassiouni From Versailles to Rwanda in Seventy - five Years The Need to Establish a Permanent International Criminal Court atharvard Human Rights Journal Volume Ten Spring London Agreement ( John B. Anderson International Criminal Court An Emerging Idea 15 N ova L. R ev "

20 Nyon Arrangement M. Cherif Bassiouni A Comprehensive Strategic Approach on International Cooperation for the Prevention Control and Suppression of International and Transnational Criminality 15 N ova L. R ev " (

21 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) ( ) * M. Cherif Bassiouni International Criminal Law Conventions and Their Penal Provisions Transnational Punishers Inc at M. Cherif Bassiouni International Criminal Law Conventions and Their Penal Provisions Transnational Punishers Inc at ( ) Rupa Bhattacharyya Establishing a Rule - of - Law International Criminal Justice System Symposiun on Humanitarian Intervention and International Justice attexas International Law Journal M. Cherif Bassiouni International Criminal Law Conventions and Their Penal Provisions Transnational Punishers Inc M. Cherif Bassiouni Working Paper oninternational Norms and Standards in International Criminal Law presented to the Meeting of the Committee of Experts at the International Institute of Higher Studies in Criminal JusticeSiracusa in connection with the Seventh United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crimes and the Treatment of Offenders 4-5 Jan. 10! * delicto jusgentium See M. Cherif Bassiouni The Penal Characteristics of Conventional International Criminal Law 15 Case W. Res. J. Int' l L at "

22 De Lege Lata 1948 De Lege Ferenda 1980 jus cpgens obligatio erga omnes Draft Convention for the Prevention and Suppression of Unlawful Human ExperimentationU. N. Commission on Human Rights 13 August 1980 U. N. Doc. E /CN. 4 /Sub. 2 /NGO/ " )

23 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) Peter Von Hagenbush Laws of God and Man ( ( M. Cherif Bassiouni From Versailles to Rwanda in Seventy - five Years The Need to Establish a Permanent International Criminal Court atharvard Human Rights Journal Volume Ten Spring M. Cherif Bassiouni The Time Has Come for an International Criminal Court atindiana International and Comparative Law Review Spring M. Cherif Bassiouni From Versailles to Rwanda in Seventy - five Years The Need to Establish a Permanent International Criminal Court atharvard Human Rights Journal Volume Ten Spring The 1919 Commission on the Responsibilities of the Authors of War and on Enforcement of Penalties The 1943 United Nations War Crimes Commission The Far Eastern Commission The Commission of Experts The Rwanda Commission of Expert "!+

24 1919 inter-allied military tribunals ( ) * The International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg The International Military Tribunal for the Far East Tokyo The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda Reichsgericht M. Cherif Bassiouni The Time Has Come For an International Criminal Court at Indiana International and Comparative Law Review Spring 1991 M. Cherif Bassiouni Crimes Against Humanity in International Criminal Law Published by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers Netherlands 1992 pp. 36! 37. M. Cherif Bassiouni Crimes Against Humanity in International Criminal Law Published by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers Netherlands 1992 p ( M. Cherif Bassiouni Crimes Against Humanity in International Criminal Law Published by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers Netherlands 1992 pp. 18! 47. ) M. Cherif Bassiouni From Versailles to Rwanda in Seventy - five Years The Need to Establish a Permanent International Criminal Court atharvard Human Rights Journal Volume Ten Spring * S. C. Res. 808 U. N. SCOR. 48th Sess. U. N. Doc. S/RES/ "!!

25 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) ( ) Larry D. Johnson The International Tribunal for Rwanda atinternational Review of Penal Law Vol. 67 No p ( 10 ) 16 "!#

26 Philippe Kirsch Lamberto Dini Bruce Broomhall The International Criminal Court Overview and Cooperation with States A. I. D. P.NOU- VELLES études PéNALES Bruce Broomhall The International Criminal Court Overview and Cooperation with States A. I. D. P. NOU- VELLES études PéNALES Bruce Broomhall The International Criminal Court Overview and Cooperation with States A. I. D. P.NOU- VELLES études PéNALES "!$

27 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) ( nullum crimen sine lege nulla poena sine ) no ex ( ) Bruce Broomhall The International Criminal Court Overview and Cooperation with States A. I. D. P.NOU- VELLES études PéNALES Cherif M. Bassiouni A Draft International Criminal Code pp. 55! 56. Cherif M. Bassiouni Characteristics of International Criminal Law Convention in Bassiounied.. International Criminal Law1986 pp. 1! 3 at ! "!

28 post facto ( African Charter on Human and People' s rights 7 2 CAB/LEG/67 /3 rev European Convention on Human Rights Universal Declaration of Human Rights AIII 1948 A/ ( M. Cherif Bassiouni The Time Has Come For An International Criminal Court atindiana International and Comparative Law Review Spring "!*

29 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) irrelevance of official capacity ( ( 27 G. A. Res. 45 /107 U. N. GAOR1990. G. A! Res. 45 /116 U. N. GAOR1990. "!

30 ( ) opinion juris * + juris et de jure G. A. Res. 45 /117 U. N. GAOR1990. G. A. Res. 45 /118 U. N. GAOR ( ) * I + Farhad Malekian The Monopolization of International Criminal Law in the United Nations A Jurisprudential Approach Uppsala University Reprocentralen HSC Sweden 1995 pp "!(

31 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1)! Universal Jurisdiction in Historical Perspectives Universal Jurisdiction Theory and Practice from Piracy Prosecutions to the Present!!!!! Cherif M. Bassiounitranslated by Wang Xiumei AbstractUniversal Jurisdiction looks like a chessboard on which there are some conventions stipulating it while it was applied in some of states' legal precedent and customary law. However the application of universal jurisdiction in the world is unbalanced. Most of states do not willingly exercise it. This paper will historically analyze the universal jurisdiction theory and practice from piracy prosecutions to the present. Key wordsuniversal jurisdiction theory practice!!!!! "!

32 ( 462! ! 126 International CrimesJus Cogens and Obligatio Ergo Omnes ! 28 ( 1927 A Christopher Blakesley ! ! 382 "!)

33 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) 1945 IMT ( 1946 IMTFE ) Julian Schutte ! 659 EKKEHART MULLER - RAPPARD A/ CONF. 183 / Zutphen A ALBERT A. EHRENZWEIG 1962 ARTHUR TAY- LOR VON MEHREN DONALD THEODORE TRAUTMAN 1965 HENRI DONNEDIEU DE VABRES LES PRINCIPLES MODERNES DU DROIT PENAL INTERNATIONAL 1928 MAURICE TRAVERS LE DROIT PENAL INTERNATIONAL ! ( ) " #+

34 ICTY ICTR ( ) * S/ I1993 PETER MANIKAS 1996 VIRGINIA MORRIS P MICHAEL P. SCHARF ( VIRGINIA MORRIS P. MICHAEL P. SCHARF ) William Shakespeare William Shakespeare ! 44 THE RIVERSIDE SHAKESPEARE * " #!

35 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) DONNEDIEU DE VABRES Blakwsley Blakesley Blakesley affd " ##

36 Donnedieu de Vabres ( Palermo ! Maurice Travers 1920 MERCIER 1933 HAYS BUTLER J JORDAN J. PAUST MICHAEL SCHARF ET AL STEVEN RATNER JASON ABRAMS ( " #$

37 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) 1 / 2 / / ( M EDWARD M. WISE ! Ayatallah Khomeni SALMAN RUSHDIE ! 435 Heineccius Burlamaqi de Vattel Rutherford Kent HENRY WHEATON ( " #

38 1926 ( 18 ) * 19 Donnedieu de Vabres ! ! 167 ( CHARLES DE SECONDAT Roger Caillois 1951 ) ! 167 Paul Anselm von Feuerbach 1801 LEHR- BUCH DES RECHTS Giuliano Vassalli APPENDICE DEL NUOUISOMO DIGESTO ITALIANO * ! 167 " #*

39 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) 3 15 C. III15Ubi de criminibus agi oportet judex deprehensionis judex domicilli judex deprehensionis 16 Doneau 3 15 C III 15 1 forum deprehensionis Ayrault 17 Paul Voetd 18 Henricus de Cocceji 17 societas generic humani aut dedere aut punier ! 136 BUTLER " #

40 unfettered envisage envisage ALFRED RUBIN A WILLIAM A. SCHABAS ! CDPC - R - EJ " #(

41 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) representation ( ) * ! ( 1 3! 126 ) ! 167 * Reda Hozore Reiss John Demjaniuk CORNELL " #

42 2 5 4 ( ) * +, - 27./ /1 / ( 14 ) * 14 +, b./ / ! 818 REVE LES DAVID 22! ! " #)

43 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) / ( peiretes ) * THUCYDIDES + Cicero ! 21 20! 21 ( ! 28 ) A. T. A. T. Murray trans 1971 * A. T. A. T. Murray trans THUCYDIDES C. M. C. M. Smith trans " $+

44 pirata praedones pirata praedones Grotius Aristotle Alfred Rubin ( Alverigo Gentili ) Balthasar de Ayala * ( ) L. H. G. L. H. G. Greenwood trans. CONTRA VERRES II 1953 L. H. G. L. H. G. Greenwood trans. DE OF- FICII 1953 C. W. C. W. Keyes trans. DE RE PUBLICA 1928 Coleman Philippson COLEMAN PHILIPPSON 1911 W Francis W. Kelsey trans. DE JURE BELLI AC PACIS DE RE PUBLICA bk. IIIXII RUBIN GENTILI J. C. J. C. Rolfe trans. DE IVRE BELLICIS LIBRI TRES Gentili DE JURE BELLI Grotius Peter Haggenmacher E Thomas E. Holland 1992 G. I. A. D. G. I. A. D. Draper * BALTHAZAR AYALA J. P. J. P. Bote trans. DE IVRE ET OFFICIIS BELLICIS ET DISCIPLINA MILITARI BALTHAZAR AYALA John Pawley Bate trans " $!

45 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) Rubin posit Klintock John Marshall RUBIN William Blackstone ! Joseph Story John Marshall Palmer 3 3 Wheat Wheat " $#

46 ( Wheat Thomas France Santa Maria O. W. GERHARD O. W. MULLER FREIDA ADLER 1985 ( A/CONF. 62 /122 " $$

47 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) ( ) * 1950 ( B General Act of Brussels Lake Success * 637! ) " $

48 ( 20 manites tations ) ( ) " $*

49 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) ( ) * +, Yoram Dinstein 17! 37 N. C. Michael N. Schmitt Leslie C. Green 1998 ( * +, A/AC. 254 /4Add. 3 /Rev M. Cherif Bassiouni EDUARDO VETERE ) A/32 /144 I A/32 /144 II 416! ! II " $

50 Yves Sandoz et al " $(

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52 ( 1998 ) 4 * , ( ) * 4 + 2, 6 " $)

53 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) Meron Tadic ( Ntuyahaga ) 1973 * 4 b 2 SCHABAS 353! 378 Matthew lippman M ! Theodor Meron 89AM. J. INTL L C. Christopher C. Joynner ! 160 J. Jordan J. Paust ! 92 Kenneth Randall ( Tadic IT AR ) Ntuyahaga T * A/ S. Roger S. Clark 643! " +

54 ( 1984 ) a b c * ( E /CN. 4 / M. Daniel Derby ) 39 / A/39 / H. Daniel H. Derby 1 705! J. J. HERMAN BURGERS HANS DANELIUS 1988 * + 5 Wiss ! 69 "!

55 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) cèlèbre intransgressible ( R. V. Bow Street Stipendiary Mafistrate 1998 All ER W. L. R H. L. REED BRODY MICHAEL BRITAIN Hissene Habre ! 12 Cf Filartiga ( 7 " #

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60 ( ) ! 31 IAN BORWNLIE 4! GEORGE SCHWARZENBERGER ! 27 ( Continental Shelf / Libyan Arab Jamahiriya /Malta ! 30 ) H. DAVID H. OTT ! 16 " (

61 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) ( ) 1950 * Nicar ! 98 OTT 15 F. R. D. /Den. F. R. G. /Neth ( ) ! * L. S. I "

62 Denjanjuk Petrovsky ( Denjanjuk ) * ( F. 2d th Cir ) YORAM SHEFTEL DEFENDING IVAN THE TERRIBLETHE CONSPIRACT TO CONVICT JOHN DEMJANJUK 1996 * Dalloz Barbie Touvier Papon Leila Sadat Wexler ! 300 Leila Sadat Wexler 270! Leila Sadat Wexler Paul Touvier Leila Sadat Wexler Touvier Barbie Cass. Crim Bull. Crim. 2 Rép pén. Dalloz " )

63 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) Frederic Desportes and Francis Le Gunehec ( ( YVES MAYAND Dalloz Nouveau code pénalancien code pénal Frederic Desportes Francis Le Gunebec Le Nouveau Droit Penal 1 DROIT PENAL GENERAL " *+

64 Regina Finta 7 Imre Finta GIBLERT AZIBERT LITEC et seq AZIB- ERT 313! 314 R. Koering - Joulin fasc CLAUDE LOMBOIS LE DROIT PéNAL INTERNATIONAL 1979 ANDRé HUET RENéE KOERING - JOULIN LE DROIT PéNAL IN- TERNATIONAL Regina Finta 1994 S. C. R CoryJ. " *!

65 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) ( 7 ) a c b a a StrafgesetzbuchStGB Bundesgerichtshof 30 Urteil vom StR215 / ! 586 ( StGB 6 9 StGB StGB 7 ) S. F. R. S. BeltraniF. Caringella R. Marina CODICE PENALEANNOTATO CON LA GIURISPRUDENZA ! " *#

66 Assises Habiarimana Abdoulaye Yerodia Ndombasi ( de premiere instance Vandermeersch 7 ) * Yerodia +, ( ) * +, 7 CHRISTIAN FAVERMARC PELLET PATRICK STOUDMANN 1997 Cf. Didier Pfirter CORENLL http / /www. icj - cij - orgwww/ ipre... ipresscom _cobe_ htm http/ /www. idoc... icobe_ iorder_ provisional_ measure_ ht. icj - cij - orgwww/ " *$

67 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) ! Coupable de crimes de guerre et dassassinatle maire rwandais est condamne a la perpetuit Le Temps " *

68 ( Cf ! 10 Vincent Ntezimana 1997 Novislav Djajic DÜsseldorf Nikola Jorgic DÜsseldorf - Refik Saric 1993 Croat - run Wenceslas Munyeshyaka Ely Oold Dah Oold Dah Hissène Habrè Ricardo Miguel Cavallo Garzón Cavallo ! 100 ( " **

69 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) ( 3! ! 122 ( 1987 " *

70 H. Madeline H. Morris Michael Scharf ! 28 W. W. Mivhael Reisman Stephan Landsman Naomi Roht - Arriaza L. Jennifer L. Balint J. Neil J. Kritz Joyner B. Priscilla B. Hayner S. Mark S. Ellis Douglass Cassel NOUVELLES ETUDES PENALES 1998 F. Diane F. Orentlicher M Machiavelli " *(

71 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) a b c d e f g REVUE INTERNATION- AL DE DROIT PENAL " *

72 Cth 1991 Polyukhovich Cvjetkovic Ntezimana J. Vandermeersch. J Abdoulaye Yerodia Ndombasi J. Vandermeersch. J. " *)

73 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) Regina Finta Saric Wenceslas Munyeshyaka Alfredo Astiz Tadic Djajic " +

74 Jorgic Darko Knezevic "!

75 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) Ley Organica Ley Organica Audiencia Nacional G. G N " #

76 Mohammed Ahemd Mahgoub R. Bow Street Magistrate. Ex Parte Pinochet " $

77 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) On the Nomological Sour ce of Inter national Criminal Law and the Impact On The Tr aditional Inter national Law! Liu Daqun AbstractThe international criminal law an entire international criminal legal system including the substantial law and procedural law is a new branch in the system of international law. It is established to protect the common interest of the whole international society and punish the international crimes regulated by the international conventions and the international custom. The source of the international criminal law contains jus cogans international conventions international custom the general principles of law and judicial decisions and the teachings of the most highly qualified publicists of the various nations as subsidiary means for the determination of rules of law. The international criminal law has a strong impact on the traditional theory of the international law and to some extent perfects and develops the theory! "

78 of the international law. Key Wordsinternational criminal law international law source impact ( ) * + ( ) * UN/DOC. S/RES/ UN/DOC. S/ UN/DOC. A/CONF. 183 / Cassese International Criminal Law. Oxford University Press p. 15. " *

79 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) actio popularis 1977 opinion juris crimen erga omnis Bassiouni Crimes Against Humanity in international Criminal Law Martinus Nijhoff Publishers 1992 p p. 81. "

80 / 25 / Bassiouni Crimes Against Humanity in International Criminal Law Martinus Nijhoff Publishers 1992 p. 65. Bassiouni Crimes Against Humanity in Internaional Criminal Law Martinus Nijhoff Publishers p " (

81 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) "

82 1977 opinio juris nullum crimen sine lege jus congens naturalism positivism social solidarist school of law pure theory of law utilitarianism ( ) pacta quae turpem causam ( ) S/ " )

83 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) continent non sunt observanda ( ) ( ) ! " (+

84 pacta sunt servenda monism dualism " (!

85 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) 53 1 erga omnes UN/ DOC. A/35 /10. ILC Yearbook1966vol. IIp " (#

86 Obligatio erga omnis 1970 erga omnes ( erga omnis legitimacy ( ICJ. Rep 1970 p. 32 p. 33. ICJ. Rep 1995 p. 102 p. 29. ICJ Rep 1951 p. 24 p A/ES - 10 / " ($

87 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) XXI ( ) * 1935 ( ) * UNGA. DOC. Res UN. DOC. A/32 /144. Annex " (

88 principle of individualization " (*

89 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) nexus ( forum deprehensionis ( District Court of Jerusalem Criminal Case No. 40 /61. also see Green Legal Issues of the Eichmann Trial 37 TUL. L. Rev Appeal dismissed by the Supreme Court of Isreal Decision No. 336 / " (

90 ( ( UN/DOC. SIRES/ UN/DOC. S/ " ((

91 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) ( ) * ( ) * UN/DOC. A/CONF. 183 /9. ICTR S IT955R61 IT R IT " (

92 On The Establishment of the Pr inciples of Inter national Cr iminal Law!!! Lu Jianping Wang Junxiang AbstractIt' s not only necessary but also feasible to put forward the basic principles of international criminal law as the core and the soul. We consider the principle of legality international criminal liability and international cooperation as the basic principles in international criminal law. Key Words International Criminal LawBasic principlesnecessity feasibility standards principium!!! " ()

93 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) ( ( ! ! ! ! 53 " +

94 90 Antonio Cassese Intertional Criminal Law Oxford University Press 2003 p. 19! ! "!

95 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) # "

96 ! 2 " $

97 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) local national international ! 2 "

98 hostis human generic ! ! 402 " *

99 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) Peter Von Hagenbush ! 3 "

100 " (

101 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) " ! 21

102 international legal assistance in criminal matters Blaskic horizontal vertical Scott Barrett International Cooperation and International Commons Duke Environmental Law Policy Forum Vol p ! 8 " )

103 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) Antonio Cassese International Criminal Law Oxford University Press 2003 pp. 355! 356. " )+

104 J ur ispr udence Analysis on Genocide! Luo Haishan genocide 1948 the crime of genocide a b c d e AbstractGenocide is a crime with a long history although it' s widely blamed by the international society it was not recognized as an independent international crime at the first placelike other international crimes the crime of genocide has two elements the objective element and the subjective element or the Actus Reu and the Mens Rea. In order to make the! " )!

105 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) crime of genocide understood properly the author put the emphasis on explaining and giving her own understanding of the two elements. According to the Genocide Convention enforced in 1948 the crime of genocide was defined asany of the following acts committed with the intent to destroy in whole or in part a national ethnical racial or religious group as such a Killing members of the group b Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group c Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part d imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group e Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group. Besides the author also discussed about the four punishable forms of participation which refers to conspiracy to commit genocide direct and public incitement to commit genocide attempt and complicity. Key wordsgenocide Jurisprudence Analysis ( genocide ( http/ /news com/05 / 0415 /02 /1HBJRJRR html http/ /www. 5ivb. net /LW/5 /5ivb. net3974 / 11 http/ /www. people. com. cn / GB/guoji /1029 / html 2003 " )#

106 ( ) 1919 * + 14 ( ) Martens Nouveau Recuei stat until a more complete code... had been issued... the inhabitants and belligerents remain under the protection and the * + Antonio CasseseInternational Criminal LawOxford Vniversity Press1998p. 5. http/ /www. dastu. com/info/by/zflw/gjflw/150. htm William A. SchabasGenocide in International Law - Crime of crimes 2000 rule of the principles of the laws of nationsas they result from the usages established among civilized peoplesfrom the laws of humanityand the dictates of public conscience. http/ /www. dastu. com/info/by/zflw/gjflw/150. htm Commission on the Responsibility of the Authors of the War and on Enforcement of Penalties 14 AM. J. INT' L L " )$

107 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) 1944 R genocide ( genocide ) * , Grieser - Ernst Lautz Martens Nouveau Recueilser. 3323reprinted in 2 BEVANS 434 FRIEDMAN P. C. I. J. ser. A/B NO ( ) * +, Leo Kuper Genocide geno cide Rapheal Lemkin 79 Rapheal Lemkin 79 Rapheal Lemkin Trial Of Gauleiter Artur Greiser CCL TRIALS NO " )

108 Auguste Champeteir De Ribes Einsatzgruppen ( ) Dihigo * I + 96I The Justice Casesupra note 2at 979 Altstoetter et. al. 3CCL TRIALS NO ( ) * + C Ohlendorf4 CCL TRIALS NO Julius Streicher U. N. GAOR C. 622nd mtg. at 51U. N. Doc. A/C. 6 / Dihigo " )*

109 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) A III a b c d e 3 a b c d e ( ! 19 ) ( ) ! U. N. ESCOR Supp. No. 6at 1U. N. Doc. E / U. N. GAOR179th plen. Mtg. at http/ /www. dhl. com. cn /article / htm Antonio CasseseInternational Criminal LawOxford Vniversity Press2003p U. N. T. S " )

110 1951 jus cogens ( ) * ( ) * ! 597 ICJReservations to the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of GenocideAdvisory Opinion of 28 May 1951 William A. Secretary - General' s Report pursuant to para. 1993S/25704 Schabas Genocide in International Law - Crime of crimes of Resolution of the Security Council3 May Musema http/ /www. dhl. com. cn /article / htm B3 " )(

111 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) ( ) * , 1998 ( * Antonio CasseseInternational Criminal Law , http/ /www. dhl. com. cn /article / htm B U. N. GAOR179th plen. Mtg. at The attitude of mind which had prompted the adoption of the resolution must continue to prevail in the councils of the United Nations ) http/ /www. un. org/chinese /law/icc /overview. htm Lyal S. Sunga The Emerging System of International Criminal LawDeveopments in Codification and ImplementationKluwer Law International ! " )

112 ( Antonio CasseseInternational Criminal LawOxford Vniversity Press2003p. 21. ( Bassiouni M. ChiefA Draft International Criminal Code and Draft Statute for International Criminal Tribunal Martinus Nijhaff Publishers1987 " ))

113 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) a b c d e ( 6 ( ! 9 Antonio CasseseInternational Criminal LawOxford Vniversity Press2003p ! 245 Bassiouni M. Martinus Nijhaff Publishers1987 ChiefA Draft International Criminal Code and Draft Statute for International Criminal Tribunal "!++

114 ( ) * ! ! ( ) ! 123 * "!+!

115 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) 2 a b c d e Mens Rea 30 1 intention Mohan James Intention intention knowledge knowingly ! 123 Jonathan Herring Criminal Law 3rd editon Jonathan Herring Criminal Law 3rd editon "!+#

116 special intent ( ) * Roger Merle et André Vitu Traité de droit criminel Cujas1984 first edition1967 p. 723 ) * ! et seg. ( Summary Records of the meetings of the Sixth Committee of the General Assembly21 September - 10 December 1994op. cit. p Akayesu General Allegations Charges "!+$

117 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) Jelisic Krstic http/ /www. dastu. com/info/by/zflw/gjflw/150. htm U. N. doc. A/51 /101996Suppl. No Jelisic "!+

118 2. 2 Kristic Krstic IT Srebrenica Trail Chamber International Court of JusticeNothebohm http/ /www. sina. com. cn "!+*

119 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) ( ) 3. * ( ) * Rodney Dixon Karim Khan Archbold International Criminal Courts Practiceprocedure EvidenceThomson Sweet Maxwell ! ! 163 http/ /www. dastu. com/info/by/zflw/gjflw/150. htm http/ /www. dastu. com/info/by/zflw/gjflw/150. htm 5 Akayesu 489! 495 "!+

120 material element causal element harm ( ) * ( * Bassiouni M. ChiefA Draft International Criminal Code and Draft Statute for International Criminal TribunalMartinus Nijhaff Publishers1987 ) Nemo cogitationis poenam patiturcogitationis poenam nemo patitur "!+(

121 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) killing killing killing murderhomicide ( ) * General Allegations Charges 12! 13 Kambanda ( 818 ) The Normative Framework of International Humanitarian LawOverlapsGaps and Ambiguities * Akayesu 500! 501 "!+

122 premeditation killing killing 2 2 a members members member ( ) 2000 * ( ) Summary Records of the meetings of the Sixth Committee of the General Assembly21 September - 10 December 1948Official Records of the General Assembly ICTR A - TBAGILISHEMA Rodney Dixon Karim Khan Archbold International Criminal Courts Practiceprocedure EvidenceThomson Sweet Maxwell Press2003p. 394! 395. Akayesu 536 http/ /www. dastu. com/info/by/zflw/gjflw/150. htm * PCNICC/2000 /1 /Add "!+)

123 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) ( ) * + ( ) * + Rodney Dixon Karim Khan Archbold International Criminal Courts PracticeProcedure Evidence SWEET MAXWELL ! 18 Akayesu 501 Rodney Dixon Karim Khan Archbold International Criminal Courts PracticeProcedure EvidenceThomson Sweet Maxwell p. 13! 21. htm http/ /www. dastu. com/info/by/zflw/gjflw/150. Kayishema Ruzindana supra note 6 p Akayesu 502! "!!+

124 2001 BAGILISHEMA ( ) ICC * + 2 2, 1915 Attorney General of the Government of Israel vs. Adolph Eichmann District Courtof Jerusalem12 December 1961quoted in thethe International Law Reports vol p ( ) * +, supra note 5p PCNICC/2000 /1 /Add p. 502 PCNICC/2000 /1 /Add Draft Statute of the ICC part 2JurisdictionAdmissibility and Applicable LawUN Doc. A/AC. 249 / 1998 /CRP. 8p. 2. htm http/ /www. dastu. com/info/by/zflw/gjflw/150. htm http/ /www. dastu. com/info/by/zflw/gjflw/150. "!!!

125 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part Deliberately inflicting inflicting Subsistence Diet ( Kayishema Ruzindan ) calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part calculate ( ) http/ /www. dastu. com/info/by/zflw/gjflw/150. htm supra note 5p Akayesu 506 U. N. Draft Elementssupra note 11p. 6n. 3. Kayishema and Ruzindana supra note 6p "!!#

126 2 2 d ( ) 7 Janjaweed militia * FurZaghawa Masaalit +, ( ) * +, http/ /www. dastu. com/info/by/zflw/gjflw/150. htm U. N. Draft Elementssupra note 11p. 7. para. 507 Draft Statute of the ICC part 2JurisdictionAdmissibility and Applicable LawUN Doc. A/AC. 249 / 1998 /CRP. 8 2 ID = _ analysis. http/ /www. dastu. com/info/by/zflw/gjflw/150. htm Stephen Sthwarz It' s Genocide http/ /www. frontpagemag. com/articles /ReadArticle. asp http/ /www. law. case. edu /war - crimes - research - portal /instant aspid = 10 Akayesu 507! 508 "!!$

127 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) 18 ( ) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group * Forcibly PCNICC/2000 /1 /Add ( ) * + Akayesu 507! 508 Rodney Dixon Karim Khan Archbold International Criminal Courts PracticeProcedure Evidence SWEET MAXWELL http/ /www. dastu. com/info/by/zflw/gjflw/150. htm Akayesu 509 Musema 159 http/ /www. dastu. com/info/by/zflw/gjflw/150. htm "!!

128 3 ( ) 22 * ( ) * 3 GAOR C. 684th mtg. 235 William A. 3 SchabasGenocide in International Law - Crime of crimes ! ! 609 Akayesu Musema Celebici "!!*

129 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) Inchoate Offences Principles and Accessories complicity in Genocide ( ! ( 526 "!!

130 1. complicity ( ) * + ( ) * ! ! "!!(

131 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) complicity complicity complicity commit a crime as an accomplice accomplice complicity 2 5 ( ) ( ) Akayesu ! 661 Akayesu 528! 530 Akayesu "!!

132 1 2 ( ) * Maxwell V. ( ) * General Allegations Charges 12! ! ! "!!)

133 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) 3 ( ) knowingly * +, Jonathan Herring ! 425 ( ) * +, Jerusalem V. Adolf Echimann 542! s. 4 Criminal Law Act1967 http/ /www. dastu. com/info/by/zflw/gjflw/150. htm "!#+

134 3. 18 Millward 89 ( ) * ( ) * ! ! 29 Millward1994Crim LR 527. Court of Appeal Millward 531 M. Cherif BassiouniThe Normative Framework of International Humanitarian LawOverlapsGaps and Ambiguitiesreprinted from 8 TRANSNAT L L Cont. PROB Summary Records of the meetings of the Sixth Committee of the General Assembly21 September - 10 December 1948Official Records of the General Assemblystatements by Mr. Morozovp "!#!

135 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) Julius Streicher Streicher Inchoate crimes ( Goldman ) * +, ( * +, -. Nuremberg ProceedingsVol William A. SchabasGenocide in International Law - Crime of crimes Jonathan Herring ! 442 ) Jonathan Herring http/ /www. dastu. com/info/by/zflw/gjflw/150. htm Summary Records of the meetings of the Sixth Committee of the General Assembly21 September - 10 December 1948Official Records of the General Assemblystatements by Mr. Morozovp pp. 65! 73. http/ /www. dastu. com/info/by/zflw/gjflw/150. htm Michael BarnettEyewitness to a GenocideThe United Nations and RwandaCornell University Press2002 "!##

136 RTLM CDR Kangura 1. Mens Rea Incitement ( ) Mens Rea * ( ) * + http/ /www. dfdaily. com/readnews. aspnewsid = ICTR /INFO EN Arusha3 December "!#$

137 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) 2. Actu Reus Barayagwiza Barayagwiza Hassan RTLM 3 5 ( directly ) * + ELIéZER NIYITEGEKA, ( ) * +, 556! 557 Draft Code of Crimes Against the Peace and Security of Mankind art. 23 f Report of the International Law Commission to the General Assembly 51 U. N. ORGA Supp.No. 10 at 26 U. N. Doc. A/51 / Prosecutor V. Jean - Bosco Barayagwiza 431 http/ /www. dastu. com/info/by/zflw/gjflw/150. htm 557! ! 13 Prosecutor V. NIYITEGEKAICTR T 432! 433 "!#

138 Marlow ( conspiracy ) * +, -./0 1 2./1 ( 440 ) http/ /www. dastu. com/info/by/zflw/gjflw/150. htm * + 443, -./0./1 Akayesu 561 Prosecutor V. NIYITEGEKAICTR T ! 315 Jonathan HerringCriminal Law 3rd editon 2003 Jonathan HerringCriminal Law 3rd editon http/ /www. dastu. com/info/by/zflw/gjflw/150. htm 2002 Section 1 Criminal Law Act 1977amended by s. 51Criminal Attempts Act 1981 "!#*

139 !"#$ (# ) *+,$-.$-#*$/!.#0#$/ 1) ICC 1. Attempt Attempt to commit genocide Attempt Lord Reid Haughton V. Smith Attempt common sense 1981 Attempt ( Attempt ) * attempt + ( 454 http/ /www. dastu. com/info/by/zflw/gjflw/150. htm Prosecutor V. Musema House of LordsHaughton V. Smith1975AC 476. Jonathan HerringCriminal Law 3rd editon 2003 ) * ! ! 282 "!#