「存活機會喪失」之損害賠償

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5 David P.T. Price, Causation The Lords Lost Chance? 38 I.C.L.Q. 735, 737 (1989). 5

6 Chaplin v. Hick Mange v. Unicorn Press 6 23, , K.B. 786 (Eng. C.A.). 5 Id. at 787, 788, 791, F. Supp. 727 (S.D.N.Y. 1955). 7 Id. at

7 David A. Fischer, Tort Recovery for Loss of a Chance, 36 Wake Forest L. Rev. 605, 609 (2001). 7

11 11

13 Joseph King 13

14 25 26 Joseph King King Dillon v. Twin State Gas & Electric Co. (85 N.H. 449, 163 A. 111 (1932)). 26 Joseph King, Causation, Valuation, and Chance in Personal Injury Torts Involving Preexisting Conditions and Future Consequences, 90 Yale L. J. 1353, (1981). 27 King, supra note 26, at

15 % King, supra note 26, at King, supra note 26, at

16 30 King King Roberts v. Ohio Permanente Medical Group, Inc King, supra note 26, at King, supra note 26, at N.E.2d. at 485 (Ohio 1996).cited in Jason Perkins, Note: McMullen v. Ohio State University Hospitals: Legal Recovery for Terminally Ill and Injured Patients Without the Lost Chance Doctrine, 32 U. Tol. L. Rev. 451, 461 (2001). 34 Id. at Id. 16

17 Jorgenson v. Vener 36 Jorgenson 1 2 (more likely than not) S.D. 87, 616 N.W.2d 366 (2000). 37 Id. at 1-7, Id. at 17, 616 N.W.2d 366, 371 (2000). 39 Shwan M. Nichols, Jorgenson v. Vener: The South Dakota Supreme Court Declares Loss-of-Chance Doctrine as Part of Our Common Law in Medical Malpractice Torts, 17

18 40 41 King Todd S. Aagarrd 46 S.D. L. Rev. 618, 632 (2000/2001). 18

19 (emotional distress) 42 Aagaard James v. United States 43 Evers v. Dollinger James Evers Todd S. Aagaard, Notes: Identifying and Valuing the Injury in Lost Chance Cases, 96 Mich. L. Rev. 1335, (1998) F. Supp. 581 (N.D. Cal. 1980) A.2d 405 (N.J. 1984). 45 Cited in Aapaard, supra note 42, at See Aapaard, supra note 42, at

20 Evers James 47 Aagaard King Aagaard 48 King Aagaard Melissa Moore Thompson, Enhanced Risk of Disease Claims: Limiting Recovery to Compensation for Loss, Not Chance, 72 N. Carolina L. Rev. 453, (1994). See Aapaard, supra note 42, at Thompson, supra note 46, at Aapaard, supra note 42, at

21 King Aagaard King Aagaard King Aagaard 51 Richard Wright, Causation in Tort Law, 73 Cal. L. Rev. 1735, (1985). 21

22 more (cause in fact) legal cause But For Rule 22

23 likely than not preponderance of evidence Lori R. Ellis, Notes: Lost of Chance as Technique: Toeing the Line at Fifty Percent, 27 Texas L. Rev. 369, (1993). 23

24 % % 20 Jones v. Owing 55 X X Cooper v. Sisters of Charity Aagaard, supra note 42, at S.E.2d 371 (S.C. 1995) Ohio St. 2d 242, 272 N.E.2d 97 (1971). 24

25 (in probability) more likely than not (preponderance of the evidence) (corrective justice) Id. at , 272 N.E.2d at Huddell v. Levin, 537 F.2d 726, (3d Cir. 1976); Dillon v. Twin State Gas & Elec. Co., 85 N.H. 449, 136 A. 111 (1932). See King, supra note 26, at John Makdisi, Proportional Liability: A Comprehensive Rule to Apportion Tort Damages Based on Probability, 67 N. C. L. Rev. 1603, 1073 (1989). 25

26 (Substantial Possibility Test) Makdisi, supra note 59, at Makdisi, supra note 59, at King, supra note 26, at

27 63 Hicks v. United States 64 (but for rule) [ ] Kallenberg v. Beth Israel Hosp. 66 (substantial factor test) (but for rule) Hamil v. Bashline 368 F.2d 626 (4 th Cir. 1966). 65 Id. at A.D.2d 177, 357 N.Y.S.2d 508 (1974), aff d, 37 N.Y.2d 719, 337 N.E.2d 128,

28 Hamil v. Bashline 68 (Substantial Factor Test) 75 (substantial factor) Hamil 75 Herskovits v. Group Health N.Y.S.2d 615 (1975). 67 Id., 357 N.Y.S.2d at Pa. 256, 392 A.2d 1280 (1978). 69 Id. at 263, 273; 392 A.2d 1283,

29 Cooperative of Puget Sound 70 X Mckellips v. St. Francis Hospital, Inc Wsh. 2d 609, 664 P.2d 474 (Wash. 1983). 664 P.2d P.2d P.2d 467 (Okla. 1987). 29

30 John Makdisi Id. at Id. at Id. at

31 (corrective justice) Makdisi 78 Makdisi, supra note 59, at Makdisi, supra note 59, at Makdisi 31

32 Hotson Simon Brown Hotson 46, , Makdisi, supra note 59, at See Price, supra note 3, at

33 82 David Price Price Price Margaret Mangan, Comment, The Loss of Chance Doctrine: A Small Price to Pay For Human Life, 42 S.D. L. Rev. 279, 283 (1997); Kevin Joseph Willging, Note, Falcon v. Memorial Hospital: A Rational Approach to Loss-of-Chance Tort Actions, 9 J. Contemp. Health L. & Pol y 545, (1993). 83 Price, supra note 3, at 748,

34 Falcon v. Memorial Hospital N.W.2d 44 (Mich. 1990). 34

35 Id. at Fennel v. Southern Maryland Hospital Center, Inc., 462 N.W.2d 206, (Md. 1990). See Nichols, supra note 39, at 636, n Nichols, supra note 39, at 636. Nichols (Nichols, supra note 39, at ) 35

36 Hotson v. East Berks Health Authority Timothy Hill 35 [1987] A.C Hotson Marc S. Stauch, Comparative Health Law: Causation Issues in Medical Malpractice: A United Kingdom Perspective, 5 Ann. Health L. 247 (1996). 36

37 Hill 90 Timothy Hill, A Lost Chance of Compensation in the Tort of Negligence by the House of Lords, 54 Mod. L. Rev. 511, (1991). Walter Scott, Causation in Medio-Legal Practice: A Doctor s Approach to the Lost Opportunity Cases, 55 Mod. L. Rev. 521 (1992). 37

39 King, supra note 26, at Ellis, supra note 53, at

40 50 50 (more likely than not) Id. at Id. at Id. at

41 McMullen v Ohio State University Hospitals N.E.2d 1117 (Ohio 2000). 98 Id. at Id. at

42 Anderson v. Piccotti Id. 101 Perkins, supra note 33, at Id. at N.E.2d A.2d 127 (N.J. 1996). 42

43 105 Anderson 106 McMullen Id. at 131, Id. at 134,

44 Deburkarte v. Louvar Christopher Paul Reuscher, MaMullen v. Ohio State University Hospitals: This Isn t Vegas, But Don t Tell the Courts Playing with Percentages and the Loss-of-chance Doctrine, 34 Akron L. Rev. 767, (2001). 108 Note, Increased Risk of Cancer as an Actionable Injury, 18 Ga. L. Rev. 563 (1984); Note, Increased Risk of Disease from Hazardous Waste: A Proposal for Judicial Relief, 60 Wash. L. Rev. 635 (1985) N.W.2d 131 (Iowa 1986). 44

45 King Id. at Price, supra note 3, at 748. See also Dworkin, Fear of Disease and Delayed Manifestation of Injuries: A Solution or a Pandora s Box?, 53 Fordham L. Rv. 527 (1984). 45

46 Sellars v. Adelaide Petroleum NL 114 (misrepresentation) (loss or damage) Fischer, supra note 8, at (1994) 120 A.L.R. 16 (Austl.). 46

47 Davies Taylor Fryers v. University of Ulster Id. 18, 33, 37. See Fischer, supra note 8, at A.C. 207 (Eng. H.L. 1972). 117 Id. at 209, 212, 213. See Fischer, supra note 8, at N.I.C.F (Transcript) (N. Ir. 1998). 119 Id. See Fischer, supra note 8, at

48 Fischer, supra note 8, at

49 50 49

50 121 50

52 David P.T. Price, Causation The Lords Lost Chance? 38 I.C.L.Q. 735, 52

53 737 (1989). Joseph King, Causation, Valuation, and Chance in Personal Injury Torts Involving Preexisting Conditions and Future Consequences, 90 Yale L. J. 1353, (1981). Kevin Joseph Willging, Note, Falcon v. Memorial Hospital: A Rational Approach to Loss-of-Chance Tort Actions, 9 J. Contemp. Health L. & Pol y 545, (1993). Marc S. Stauch, Comparative Health Law: Causation Issues in Medical Malpractice: A United Kingdom Perspective, 5 Ann. Health L. 247 (1996). Walter Scott, Causation in Medio-Legal Practice: A Doctor s Approach to the Lost Opportunity Cases, 55 Mod. L. Rev. 521 (1992). Price, supra note 3, at 748. See also Dworkin, Fear of Disease and Delayed Manifestation of Injuries: A Solution or a Pandora s Box?, 53 Fordham L. Rv. 527 (1984)

54 Todd S. Aagaard, Notes: Identifying and Valuing the Injury in Lost Chance Cases, 96 Mich. L. Rev. 1335, (1998). Melissa Moore Thompson, Enhanced Risk of Disease Claims: Limiting Recovery to Compensation for Loss, Not Chance, 72 N. Carolina L. Rev. 453, (1994). Lori R. Ellis, Notes: Lost of Chance as Technique: Toeing the Line at Fifty Percent, 27 Texas L. Rev. 369, (1993). John Makdisi, Proportional Liability: A Comprehensive Rule to Apportion Tort Damages Based on Probability, 67 N. C. L. Rev. 1603, 1073 (1989). Margaret Mangan, Comment, The Loss of Chance Doctrine: A Small Price to Pay For Human Life, 42 S.D. L. Rev. 279, 283 (1997) Timothy Hill, A Lost Chance of Compensation in the Tort of Negligence by the House of Lords, 54 Mod. L. Rev. 511, (1991) K.B. 786 (Eng. C.A.). 129 F. Supp. 727 (S.D.N.Y. 1955). Dillon v. Twin State Gas & Electric Co. (85 N.H. 449, 163 A

55 (1932). McMullen v. Ohio State University Hospitals: Legal Recovery for Terminally Ill and Injured Patients Without the Lost Chance Doctrine, 32 U. Tol. L. Rev. 451, 461 (2001). Shwan M. Nichols, Jorgenson v. Vener: The South Dakota Supreme Court Declares Loss-of-Chance Doctrine as Part of Our Common Law in Medical Malpractice Torts, 46 S.D. L. Rev. 618, 632 (2000/2001). Huddell v. Levin, 537 F.2d 726, (3d Cir. 1976); Dillon v. Twin State Gas & Elec. Co., 85 N.H. 449, 136 A. 111 (1932). See King, supra note 26, at Fennel v. Southern Maryland Hospital Center, Inc., 462 N.W.2d 206, (Md. 1990). See Nichols, supra note 39, at 636, n Christopher Paul Reuscher, MaMullen v. Ohio State University Hospitals: This Isn t Vegas, But Don t Tell the Courts Playing with Percentages and the Loss-of-chance Doctrine, 34 Akron L. Rev. 767, (2001)

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CIP / ISBN Ⅰ. Ⅱ. Ⅲ. - - Ⅳ. D CIP ISBN ISBN /D 01-2005 - 1301 CIP /. 2006. 1 ISBN 7-301 - 08886-8 Ⅰ. Ⅱ. Ⅲ. - - Ⅳ. D913. 04 CIP 2005 049551 2004 ISBN 986-7787 - 64-1 ISBN 7-301 - 08886-8 /D 1155 205 100871 http / /cbs. pku. edu. cn 62752015 62750672