risk classification Kenneth S. Abraham Distributing Risk Insurance Legal Theory and Public Policy 64 Yale University Press 198

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1 V. * * YJC discrimination discrimination

2 risk classification Kenneth S. Abraham Distributing Risk Insurance Legal Theory and Public Policy 64 Yale University Press City of Los Angeles v. Manhart 435 U. S Arizona Governing Committee v. Norris 463 U. S

3 V unfair discrimination Jill Gaulding Race Sex and Genetic Discrimination in Insurance What s Fair 80 Cornell L. Rev Leah Wortham Insurance Classification Too Important to Be Left to the Actuaries 19 U. Mich. J. L. Ref Leah Wortham Insurance Classification Too Important to Be Left to the Actuaries 19 U. Mich. J. L. Ref Fla. Stat. Ann Hartford Acci. & Indem. Co. v. Insurance Commissioner of Commonwealth 505 Pa

4 Austin The Insurance Classification Controversy 131 U. Pa. L. Rev Leah Wortham Insurance Classification Too Important to Be Left to Actuaries 19 U. Mich. J. L. Ref Id. at f Insurance Serv. Office v. Commissioner of Ins. 381 So. 2d 515 La. Ct. App Hartford Acci. & Indem. Co. v. Insurance Commissioner of Commonwealth 505 Pa

5 V. 50% DNA DNA RNA DNA RNA Gaulding supra note 8 at National Conference of State Legislatures Genetics and Health Insurance State Anti - Discrimination Laws http / /www. ncsl. org /issues - research /health /genetic - nondiscrimination - in - health - insurance - laws. aspx National Conference of State Legislatures Genetics and Life Disability and Long - term Care Insurance http / /www. ncsl. org /issues - research /health /genetic - nondiscrimination - laws - in - life - disability. aspx

6 ECJ Civic Consulting Robert H. Jerry II Health Insurers Use of Genetic Information A Missouri Perspective on a Changing Regulatory Landscape 64 Mo. L. Rev Research Group on the Existing EC Private Law Civic Consulting Study on the Use of Age Disability Sex Religion or Belief Racial or Ethnic Origin and Sexual Orientation in Financial Services in Particular in the Insurance and Banking Sectors http / /ec. europa. eu /social /keydocuments. jsp type = 0&policyArea = 0&subCategory = 0&country = 0&year = 0&advSearchKey = fisec&mode = 98 advancedsubmit&langid = en

7 V community rating 2004 Directive 2004 /113 /EC community rating % % 99

8 ECJ Concordat and Moratorium on Genetics and Insurance UK Government and Association of British Insurers Concordat and Moratorium on Genetics and Insurance

9 V

10 Kenneth S. Abraham Distributing Risk Insurance Legal Theory and Public Policy 80 Yale University Press See Austin supra note Ronald Craig Lisa Stearns Lisa Stearns

11 V Wortham supra note Gaulding supra note Lange v. Rancher 56 N. W. 2d 542 Wis Martin J. Katzt Insurance and the Limits of Rational Discrimination 8 Yale L. & Pol y Rev

13 V Kenneth Abraham Four Conceptions of Insurance 161U. Pa. L. Rev n % Ashley M. Ellis Genetic Justice Discrimination by Employers and Insurance Companies Based on Predictive Genetic Information 34 Tex. Tech L. Rev Directive 2004 /113 /EC

14 Regents of the University of California v. Bakke 438 U. S

15 V Katzt supra note

16 Risk Classification in Insurance Law Reasonable Distinction v. Discrimination Zhou Xuefeng Abstract Risk classification is one of the most important features of modern business insurance and justified in economics. However in modern society when we decide whether a kind of risk classification is reasonable distinction or unfair discrimination we should not only consider statistical data or actuarial reasons but should emphasize the social function of the insurance and overwhelming social value etc. How to regulate the specific risk classification is eventually decided by the balance of interests and public choice. Keywords insurance risk classification distinction discrimination 108

1. 2. 3. 69 70 71 72 the Institution of Medicine 1. 2. 3. entire population 1. 2. 69 D. SHICKLE & I. HARVEY, SCREENING FOR CYSTIC FIBROSIS CARRIER STA

1. 2. 3. 69 70 71 72 the Institution of Medicine 1. 2. 3. entire population 1. 2. 69 D. SHICKLE & I. HARVEY, SCREENING FOR CYSTIC FIBROSIS CARRIER STA 3.2 3.2.1 66 3.1.1 3.2.3 67 68 66 Philip M. Farrell et al., Newborn Screening for Cystic Fibrosis in Wisconsin: First Application of Population-based Molecular Genetic testing, 93 WIS MED J 415-21 (1994),