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1 2012 3, 19(2): Journal of Fishery Sciences of China 研究论文 DOI: /SP.J ,2,3 严晶,4 2,3, 曹俊明,4 2,3, 王国霞,4 2,3, 黄燕华,4 1,2,3, 张荣斌,4, 刘群芳 1,2,3 孙智武,4 2,3,4, 文远红 1., ; 2., ; 3., ; 4., ,3,4, 摘要 :, (housefly maggot meal) 0 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%, 6, (0.56±0.03) g (Litopenaeus vannamei), G0 G20 G40 G60 G80 G d,,, G100 G80 G100 G0 (P<0.05); ; G40, G20 G100 G0 (P<0.05); G0, (P<0.05), (P<0.05); G20 G0 (P<0.05), G0 G20 G80 G0, G100 (P<0.05), 60%,, : ; ; ; ; ; 中图分类号 : S96 文献标志码 : A 文章编号 : (2012) (Litopenaeus vannamei),, [1],, 80% [2],,,,, [3],, [4 7],, 收稿日期 : ; 修订日期 : 基金项目 : (2010B ); (A201001H03); 作者简介 : (1986-),,,. jingyan @163.com 通信作者 :,,. junmcao@163.com

2 [8] (housefly maggot meal, HMM),,,, [9], [Heterobranchus longifilis ( ) Clarias gariepinus ( )] [10] (Clarias gariepinus) [11] (Oreochromis niloticus) [12 15] Fasakin [11], ; Ogunji [15 16],,,, 40%, ; 60%,,, 17.9%( ),,, 1 1.1,,,, (G0), 28%, 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 5, G20 G40 G60 G80 G ,,, SLX mm, 55,, , L ( 80 cm, 70 cm, 300 L), 3.5 L min 1, 2 (0.56±0.03) g 960, 6, 4, 40, 8:00 14:00 20:00, 45 d, 25~29, , >6.0 mg L 1, <0.10 mg L 1, <0.01 mg L 1, ph 7.70~ , 24 h, 20,,,, 5, 5,, (GB/T ) (GB/T ) (GB/T ) 550 (GB/T ) [17] 5,, 0.5 g, 4 ml10%, 3 min, r min 1 15 min, 0.2 μm, L , ( CHRIST ), 6 mol L 1, Waters

3 2 : 267 Tab.1 ingredients 表 1 实验饲料配方及营养水平 Composition and nutrient levels of the experimental diets trial %, air dry basis G0 G20 G40 G60 G80 G100 fish meal HMM soybean meal peanut meal squid cream shrimp shell meal strong flour sodium alginate fish oil (50%) soybean lecithin Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) (50%) choline chloride cholesterol vitamin premix 1) calcium lactate mineral premix 2) VC (35%) vitamin C cellulose nutrient level moisture crude protein crude lipid ash Ca total P /(MJ kg 1 ) energy : 1) A IU; D IU; E 30 g; K 3 10 g; B 1 5 g; B 2 15 g; B 6 8 g; 25 g; 2.5 g; 0.08 g; 40 g; B g; 150 g. 2). 12 g; 90 g; - 3 g; 1 g; 10 g; 0.06 g; g; g. Note: 1) One kilogram of vitamin premix contained VA IU; VD IU; VE 30 g; VK 3 10 g; VB 1 5g; VB 2 15 g; VB 6 8 g; calcium pantothenate 25 g; folic acid 2.5 g; biotin 0.08 g; nicotinic acid 40 g; VB g; inositol 150 g. 2) One kilogram of mineral premix contained MgSO 4 H 2 O 12 g; KCl 90 g; Met-Cu 3 g; FeSO 4 H 2 O 1 g; ZnSO 4 H 2 O 10 g; Ca(IO 3 ) g; Met-Co 0.16 g; NaSeO g. : PICO.TAG ; : 254 nm; : 38 ; : 1 ml min [18] : (sigma, 97%),, 0.25 mol L 1 ph μl ml 1 : 5,, 1.0 g, 100 ml, ml,, 10 ml 100 ml, 5% 5 ml 10 ml,, 30 ml 10 ml 10 ml, 20 ml,, 0.25

4 mol L 1 ph ml 1 /s LC-20AB, LC solution : Welch C 18 (250 mm 4.6 mm, 5 μm); : (0.01 mol L 1 ) (0.01 mol L 1 )(ph5.0, ); SPD-M20A PDA, 254 nm, 25, 1.0 ml min 1 ; 10 μl 1.4 ± ( x ±SD) SPSS13.0,, (one-way ANOVA), Ducan s, Dunnett s T3 P< ,, G100 G20 G60, G80 G100 (P<0.05), (P>0.05) (P>0.05) , %~0.34%, 21%~24%,, 90%, (P>0.05) 10, 60%~66%, G40, G20 G100 (P<0.05),,, (P<0.05);,, G80 G100 (P<0.05); (P>0.05),, 60% ; L-, (P>0.05) G20, (P>0.05) 2.3 4, 17, 9 8,, 4, Tab.2 表 2 家蝇蛆粉替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾肌肉常规营养成分的影响 Effects of replacement of fish meal by HMM on muscle composition of L.vannamei n=4; x ±SD; %, dry matter trial muscle composition G0 G20 G40 G60 G80 G100 moisture 75.71± ± ± ± ± ±0.59 crude protein 81.97±0.63 b 82.03±0.38 b 82.03±0.35 b 82.15±0.45 b 82.86±0.28 ab 83.06±0.56 a crude lipid 4.46± ± ± ± ± ±0.25 ash 5.15±0.09 b 5.18±0.08 b 5.19±0.09 b 5.23±0.05 b 5.36±0.09 a 5.47±0.05 a : (P<0.05), (P>0.05). Note: Values in the same row with different small letter superscript mean significant difference(p<0.05). Values without superscript in the same row are not significantly different(p>0.05).

5 2 : 269 Tab.3 amino acids 表 3 家蝇蛆粉替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾肌肉游离氨基酸组成的影响 Effects of replacement of fish meal by HMM on free amino acids composition in muscle of L.vannamei 1 n=4; x ±SD; mg g trial G0 G20 G40 G60 G80 G100 Tau 33.07± ± ± ± ± ±1.17 Asp / / / / / / Thr 9.48± ± ± ± ± ±0.36 Ser / / / / / / Glu 24.69± ± ± ± ± ±3.90 Gly / / / / / / Ala ± ± ± ± ± ±16.57 Cys ±22.14 ab ±10.56 a ±12.92 ab ±7.12 a ±19.60 ab ±5.43 b Val 0.34±0.09 b 0.51±0.24 ab 0.47±0.24 ab 0.49±0.16 ab 0.66±0.17 a 0.43±0.15 ab Met 11.55± ± ± ± ± ±1.15 Ile 18.72±3.61 ab 21.08±3.18 a 18.26±1.26 ab 20.70±2.95 ab 17.03±3.94 ab 16.04±2.05 b Leu 33.37±7.05 a 35.04±5.30 a 29.31±5.09 ab 33.15±3.21 a 27.28±5.12 ab 24.47±2.76 b Tyr 30.85± ± ± ± ± ±4.12 Phe 26.45±3.92 a 28.40±2.48 a 23.94±2.83 ab 27.76±2.32 a 23.61±5.32 ab 20.99±0.73 b b- b-ala 3.37± ± ± ± ± ±1.23 b- b-aiba 3.48± ± ± ± ± ±0.85 g- g-aba 1.89±0.87 ab 2.10±0.29 a 1.77±0.23 ab 1.52±0.49 ab 1.78±0.39 ab 1.22±0.59 b Trp 8.17± ± ± ± ± ±3.48 Orn 4.44± ± ± ± ± ±0.83 Lys ±9.63 a 82.45±7.80 ab 89.06±9.84 ab 77.81±12.60 abc 53.38±18.13 bc 45.96±4.49 c His 44.77±3.15 a 41.29±5.78 ab 41.54±3.19 ab 43.60±5.49 ab 39.53±7.14 ab 35.65±4.66 b 3-3-Mehis 3.06± ± ± ± ± ±1.00 L- Ans 4.04± ± ± ± ± ±0.90 Arg ±77.76 c ±77.59 ab ±64.68 b ±24.10 ab ±45.14 a ±54.83 a TDEE ± ± ± ± ± ±16.12 TEAA ±58.33 b ±81.53 a ±53.58 ab ±22.70 a ±54.91 a ±50.70 a TAA ±75.96 b ±58.87 a ±61.20 ab ±40.86 ab ±77.11 ab ±61.57 ab : ;. (P<0.05), (P>0.05). /. Note: means delicious amino acid; means essential amino acid. Values in the same row with different small letter superscript mean significant difference(p<0.05). Values without superscript in the same row are not significantly different(p>0.05). / means undetectable. 40%;, (P>0.05) (P>0.05), (P>0.05) 2.4 1, G20 G80 (P>0.05),

270 19 Tab.4 表 4 家蝇蛆粉替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾肌肉结合氨基酸组成的影响 Effects of replacement of fish meal by HMM on combined amino acids composition in muscle of L.

6 Tab.4 表 4 家蝇蛆粉替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾肌肉结合氨基酸组成的影响 Effects of replacement of fish meal by HMM on combined amino acids composition in muscle of L.vannamei n=4; x ±SD; %, dry matter trial amino acids G0 G20 G40 G60 G80 G100 Asp 10.43±0.57 ab 10.21±0.34 ab 10.25±0.39 ab 10.67±0.40 ab 10.77±0.31 a 10.13±0.21 b Thr 2.99± ± ± ± ± ±0.09 Ser 2.86± ± ± ± ± ±0.07 Glu 14.65± ± ± ± ± ±0.79 Pro 5.92± ± ± ± ± ±0.37 Gly 6.42± ± ± ± ± ±0.19 Ala 4.90± ± ± ± ± ±0.11 Cys 0.110±0.027 ab 0.097±0.040 ab 0.065±0.003 b 0.130±0.035 a 0.091±0.038 ab 0.056±0.031 b Val 3.14±0.10 ab 3.24±0.10 ab 3.13±0.18 ab 3.20±0.08 ab 3.26±0.05 a 3.08±0.07 b Met 1.35± ± ± ± ± ±0.10 Ile 3.02± ± ± ± ± ±0.09 Leu 5.37± ± ± ± ± ±0.17 Tyr 2.84± ± ± ± ± ±0.20 Phe 3.10± ± ± ± ± ±0.08 Lys 6.16± ± ± ± ± ±1.16 His 2.14± ± ± ± ± ±0.32 Arg 7.24± ± ± ± ± ±0.69 TDEE 36.40± ± ± ± ± ±1.03 TEAA 34.51± ± ± ± ± ±2.45 TAA 82.65±2.12 ab 82.95±2.50 ab 81.14±3.22 ab 82.51±1.65 ab 84.14±2.68 a 79.55±3.56 b : ;. (P<0.05), (P>0.05). Note: means delicious amino acid; means essential amino acid. Values in the same row with different small letter superscript mean significant difference(p<0.05). Values without superscript in the same row are not significantly different(p>0.05). G100 (+32.0%) (P<0.05) 3 1 (P<0.05);. Fig.1 Effects of replacement of fish meal by HMM on inosine monophosphate (IMP) content in muscle of L.vannamei Values in the same row with different small letter superscript mean significant difference(p<0.05). Values without superscript in the same row are not significantly different(p>0.05). 3.1,,, Yang [19] (Carassius auratus gibelio) Shapawi [20] (Cromileptes altivelis), Ogunji [15] (Oreochromis niloticus),

7 2 : 271,,, Fasakin [11] 4,,,, [20],,,,, [8] [21],,,, [22], (Pseudosciaena crocea), [23], (Macrobrachium nipponensis),,,,,,, 3.2, [24],, [25],, [23], [25],, G20 G60,,, G100 Albrektsen [26] (Gadus morhua) Ai [27], [7] [28] (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) Regost [29] (Psetta maxima),, Gomez-Requeni [30] (Sparus aurata),,,,,, G80 G100 (P<0.05),,,, [31] 3.3,,,, 60%,, [32 33],, G100

8 [34], (Trionyx sinensis) ; [35] L- (Penaeus monodon), [35], [36],,,,,, 4 60%,, 参考文献 : [1]. [J]., 1990(3): [2],,,. WSSV [J]., 2010, 34(10): [3],,,. [J]., 2005, 29(3): [4] Forster I P, Dominy W, Obaldo L, et al. Rendered meat and bone meals as ingredients of diets for shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931)[J]. Aquaculture, 2003, 219: [5] Yang Y, Xie S, Lei W, et al. Effect of replacement of fish meal by meat and bone meal and poultry by-product meal in diets on the growth and immune response of Macrobrachium nipponense[j]. Fish Shellfish Immunol, 2004, 17: [6] Hernandez C, Olvera-Novoa M A, Aguilar-Vejar K, et al. Partial replacement of fish meal by porcine meat meal in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)[j]. Aquaculture, 2008, 277: [7],,,. [J]., 2009, 33(4): [8],,,. [J]., 2008(8): [9]. [J]., 2004(10): 31. [10] Sogbesan A O, Ajuonu N, Musa B O, et al. Harvesting techniques and evaluation of maggot meal as animal dietary protein source for 'Heteoclarias' in outdoor concrete tanks[j]. World J Agr Sci, 2006, 2(4): [11] Fasakin E A, Balogun A M, Ajayi O O. Evaluation of full-fat and defatted maggot meals in the feeding of clariid catfish Clarias gariepinus fingerlings[j]. Aqu Res, 2003, 34: [12] Fashina-Bombata H A, Balogun O. The effect of partial or total replacement of fish meal with maggot meal in the diet of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry[j]. J Prosp Sci, 1997(1): [13] Ajani E K, Nwanna L C, Musa B O. Replacement of fishmeal with maggot meal in the diets of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus[j]. World Aqu Res, 2004, 35(1): [14] Ogunji J O, Nimptsch J, Wiegand C, et al. Evaluation of the influence of housefly maggot meal (magmeal) diets on catalase, glutathione S-transferase and glycogen concentration in the liver of Oreochromis niloticus fingerling[j]. Comp Biochem Physiol Part A: Molec Integrat Physiol, 2007, 147(4): [15] Ogunji J O, Kloas W, Wirth M, et al. Housefly maggot meal (Magmeal) as a protein source for Oreochromis niloticus(linn.)[j]. Asian Fish Sci, 2008, 21(3): [16] Ogunji J, Toor R S, Schulz C. Growth performance, nutrient utilization of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fed housefly maggot meal (Magmeal) diets[j]. Turkish J Fish Aqu Sci, 2008, 8: [17],,,. [J]., 2008, 15(6): [18],,. [M]. :, 2005: [19] Yang Y, Xie S, Cui Y, et al. Partial and total replacement of fishmeal with poultry by-product meal in diets for gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch[J]. Aqu Res, 2006, 37: [20] Shapawi R, Ng W, Mustafa S. Replacement of fish meal with poultry by-product meal in diets formulated for the

9 2 : 273 humpback grouper, Cromileptes altivelis[j]. Aquaculture, 2007, 273: [21],,. [J]. :, 2002, 28(3): [22],,,. [J]. :, 2000, 19(2): [23],,,. 4 [J]., 2003, 10(3): [24],,,. [J]. :, 2001, 31(6): [25],,,. [J]., 2000, 24(2): [26] Albrektsen S, Mundheim H, Aksnes A. Growth, feed efficiency, digestibility and nutrient distribution in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) fed two different fish meal qualities at three dietary levels of vegetable protein sources[j]. Aquaculture, 2006, 261: [27] Ai Q, Mai K, Tan B, et al. Replacement of fish meal by meat and bone meal in diets for large yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena crocea[j]. Aquaculture, 2006, 260: [28],,,. [J]., 2009, 16(4): [29] Regost C, Arzel J, Kaushik S J. Partial or total replacement of fish meal by corn gluten meal in diet for turbot (Psetta maxima)[j]. Aquaculture, 1999, 180: [30] Gomez-Requeni P, Mingarro M, Calduch-Giner J A, et al. Protein growth performance, amino acid utilisation and somatotropic axis responsiveness to fish meal replacement by plant protein sources in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)[j]. Aquaculture, 2004, 232: [31] Berge G E, Bakke-Mckellep A M, Lied E. In vitro uptake and interaction between arginine and lysine in the intestine of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)[j]. Aquaculture, 1999, 179: [32],,. [J]., 2004, 6(3): [33],,,. 6 [J]., 2008, 32(2): 22-24, 35. [34],,. [J]., 2001, 20(4): 4-6. [35],,,. L- [J]., 2008, 17(1): [36],,,. [J]., 2006, 27(5):

10 Effects of replacement of fish meal with housefly maggot meal on muscle nutritional composition, amino acids, and inosine monophosphate content in juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei YAN Jing 1,2,3,4, CAO Junming 2,3,4, WANG Guoxia 2,3,4, HUANG Yanhua 2,3,4, ZHANG Rongbin 1,2,3,4, LIU Qunfang 2,3,4, SUN Zhiwu 1,2,3,4 2,3,4, WEN Yuanhong 1. College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan , China; 2. Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou , China; 3. Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou , China; 4. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou , China Abstract: We evaluated the effects of replacing fish meal with housefly maggot meal (HMM) on the nutritional composition, amino acids, and inosine monophosphate content in the muscle of juvenile white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets (G0, G20, G40, G60, G80, and G100) were formulated by replacing 0, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, or 100%, respectively, of the fish meal with HMM (protein basis). The shrimp initial body weight (0.56±0.03) g, were fed the experimental diets for 45 d. There was a positive correlation between crude protein and ash content in the muscle and the proportion HMM in the diet. The crude protein content in G100 and the ash content in G80 and G100 were significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.05). HMM had no effect on moisture and crude lipid content (P>0.05). Similarly, there was no difference in free delicious amino acid (DAA) content (glutamate and alanine only) and total free DAA among the groups. Total free essential amino acid (FEAA) content was significantly higher in groups G40 to G100 than in G0 (P<0.05). Increasing amounts of HMM were associated with a significant increase in free arginine content (P<0.05) and a significant decrease in lysine content (P<0.05). The total free amino acid content was significantly higher in G20, but not in G40 G100, than in G0 (P>0.05). The inclusion of HMM only had an effect on inosine monophosphate (IMP) content at the highest level (G100: P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the content of combined DAA (aspartate, glutamate, glycine, alanine), EAA, or total amino acids in the muscle of groups fed HMM compared to the control (P>0.05). Overall, inclusion of HMM had no significant effect on the nutritional composition, EAA, DAA, and IMP content in the muscle, with the exception that the free arginine content increased significantly when HMM was substituted at levels below 60%. Key words: Litopenaeus vannamei; fish meal; housefly maggot meal; muscle; nutritional composition; amino acids; inosine monophosphate Corresponding author: CAO Junming. junmcao@163.com

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i i ii 1 2 3 4 % N) 5 50.0 AMINO ACID #64 [modified by Administrator] IntAmp_1 nc 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0-10.0 1 - ala - 10.483 2 - thr - 11.107 3 - gly - 11.872 4 - val - 13.458 5 - ser - 14.903 6 - pro