178 hierarchical friendship model friendship quality Newcomb & Bagwell 1995 meta-analysis Hartup, 1996 e.g., Berndt & Keefe, 1995 ; Berndt, 1996, 1999

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "178 hierarchical friendship model friendship quality Newcomb & Bagwell 1995 meta-analysis Hartup, 1996 e.g., Berndt & Keefe, 1995 ; Berndt, 1996, 1999"

墀翁
5 years ago
Views:

1 * Hartup, 1996 Sullivan 1953 pre-adolescence peer acceptance friendship Bukowski & Hoza, 1989 ; Bukowski, Hoza & Boivin, 1993, 1994 ; George & Hartmann, 1996 ; Parker & Asher, 1993 Bukowski & Hoza 1989 dyadic Bukowski & Hoza 1989 *

2 178 hierarchical friendship model friendship quality Newcomb & Bagwell 1995 meta-analysis Hartup, 1996 e.g., Berndt & Keefe, 1995 ; Berndt, 1996, 1999, 2002 ; Bukowski, Hoza, & Boivin, 1994 ; Furman, 1996 ; Hartup, 1996 ; Parker & Asher, 1993quantitative dimensions qualitative dimensionsdemir & Urberg, 2004 ; Hussong, Berndt & Perry, 1986 ; Buhrmester & Furman, 1987 ; Buhrmester, 1990 ; Furman & Buhrmeser, 1992 ; Windle, 1994 Maccoby 1990 restrictive interaction style facilitative interactive style Berndt & Perry 1986 Ladd, Kochenderfer, & Coleman, 1996 Parker & Asher 1993 well-being Cauce, 1986, 1987 ; Berndt & Perry, 1986 ; Buhrmester & Furman, 1987 ; Buhrmester, 1990 ; Keefe & Berndt, 1996 ; Paterson, Pryor, & Field, 1995 ; Way & Pahl, 2001 Gauze, Bukowski, Aquan-Assee, & Sippola, 1996 Guacci-Franco & Levitt 1998 Estrada 1996 Way & Pahl, 2001Harter, 1999 Berndt & Miller Berndt, 1996 Paterson 1995

3 179 Eisenberg & Fabes, 1992 ; Walden, Lemerise, & Smith, 1999 ; Saarni, 1999 Gottman & Mettetal 1986 Parker Gottman 1989 Bukowski 1993 Parker Gottman 1989 Walden Parker & Gottman, 1989 Fonzi, Scheider, Tani, & Tomada, friendship Bukowski et

4 180 al., 1994 ; Berndt, 1996 ; Parker & Asher, 1993 self-esteem Harter emotional regulation Bukowski 1994 Friendship Quality Scale 1companionship 2conflict 3help 4security

5 181 5 closeness Likert N = 710 Cronbach N = 112 Cronbach.74~.86.68~ Cronbach emotional awareness 2. emotional expression 3. regulation strategy 4. emotion reflection

6 emotion efficacy Cronbach SPSS for Windows 11.5 t N = N = N =

7 N = 710 t * *p <.05 t t 709 = p < N = N =

8 184 5 F df Wilk F 1.896* 32.14** > ** > ** > 14.50** > 65.48** > *p <.05, **p <.01 5 =.896, p <.05 F.01.05/5F 1, 708 = 32.14, p <.01 F 1, 708 = 8.42, p <.01 F 1, 708 = 56.92, p <.01 F 1, 708 = 14.50, p <.01F 1, 708 = 65.48, p <.01 X Y 6 N = 710 X Y ***.20 **.17 * * p <.05, ** p <.01, *** p <.001

9 185 6 X Y X Y X Y X Y 7N = 710 X Y ***.23 * *p <.05, *** p < X Y X Y M Berndt & Hoyle, 1985 ; Brendgen, Vitaro, Turgeon, & Poulin, 2002 ; Buhrmester, 1990 ; George & Hartmann, 1996

10 186 Sullivan M Schneider ; Berndt & Perry, 1986 ; Buhrmester & Furman, 1987 ; Buhrmester, 1990 ; Bukowski et al., 1994 ; Furman & Buhrmeser, 1992 ; Parker & Asher, 1993 Buhrmester & Furman Brendgen, Markiewicz, Doyle, & Bukowski 2001 Parker & Asher 1993 Macooby 1990 Buhrmester, 1990 ; Cauce, 1986 ; Keefe & Berndt, 1996 ; McGuire & Weisz,

11 187 Cauce 1986 Perkins & Lerner 1995 Erwin, 1998 e.g., Asher & Rose, 1997 ; Parker & Gottman, 1989 ; Stocker & Dunn, 1990 ; Walden et al., 1999 Sullivan 1953 Kiraly Gross John 1998 Hubbard 2001Zeman & Shipman 1997

12 overt aggression relational aggression Zimmermann, 2004 ; Weimer, Kerns, & Oldenburg, 2004 Contreras, Kerns, Weimer, Gentzler, & Tomch, 2000 Paterson et al., 1995 LISREL Hartup 1996 Berndt 2002 e.g., Dishion, Andrews, & Crosby, 1995 ; Grotpeter & Crick, 1996 ; Poulin & Boivin, 1999

13 Schneider Asher, S. R., & Rose, A. J. (1997). Promoting children s social-emotional adjustment with peers. In P. Salovey & D. Sluyter (Eds.), Emotional development and emotional intelligence: Implication for educators (pp ). New York: Basic Books. Berndt, T. J. (1996). Exploring the effects of friendship quality on social development. In W. M. Bukowski, A. F. Newcomb, & W. W. Hartup (Eds.), The company they keep: Friendship during childhood and adolescence (pp ). New York: Cambridge University Press. Berndt, T. J. (1999). Friends influence on students adjustment to school. Educational Psychologist, 34, Berndt, T. J. (2002). Friendship quality and social development. Current Directions In Psychological Science, 11, Berndt, T. J., & Hoyle, S. G. (1985). Stability and change in childhood and adolescent friendships. Developmental Psychology, 21, Berndt, T. J., & Keefe, K. (1995). Friends influence on adolescents adjustment to school. Child Development, 66, Berndt, T. J., & Perry, T. B. (1986). Children s perceptions of friendships as supportive relationshiops.

14 190 Development Psychology, 22, Brendgen, M., Markiewicz, D., Doyle, A. B., & Bukowski, W. M. (2001). The relations between friendship quality, ranked-friendship preference, and adolescents behavior with their friends. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 47, Brendgen, M., Vitaro, F., Turgeon, L., & Poulin, F. (2002). Assessing aggressive and depressed children s social relations with classmates and friends: A matter of perspective. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 30, Buhrmester, D. (1990). Intimacy of friendship, interpersonal competence, and adjustment during preadolescence and adoloscence. Child Development, 61, Buhrmester, D., & Furman, W. (1987). The development of companionship and intimacy. Child Development, 58, Bukowski, W. M., & Hoza, B. (1989). Popularity and friendship: Issues in theory, measurement, and outcomes. In T. J. Berndt & G. W. Ladd (Eds.), Peer relationships in child development (pp ). New York: John Wiley. Bukowski, W. M., Hoza, B., & Boivin, M. (1993). Popularity, friendship, and emotional adjustment during early adolescence. New Directions for Child Development, 60, Bukowski, W. M., Hoza, B., & Boivin, M. (1994).Measuring friendship quality during pre-and early adolescence: The development and psychometric properties of the friendship quality scale. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 11, Cauce, A. M. (1986). Social networks and social competence Exploring the effects of early adolescent friendships. American Journal of Community Psychology, 14, Cauce, A. M. (1987). School and peer competence in early adolescence : A test of domain-specific selfperceived competence. Developmental Psychology, 23, Contreras, J. M., Kerns, K. A., Weimer, B. L., Gentzler, A. L., & Tomch, P. L. (2000). Emotion regulation as a mediator of associations between mother-child attachment and peer relationship in middle childhood. Journal of Family Psychology, 14, Demir, M., & Urberg, K. A. (2004). Friendship and adjustment among adolescents. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 88, Dishion, T. J., Andrews, D. W., & Crosby, L. (1995). Antisocial boys and their friends in early adolescence : Relationship characteristics, quality, and interactional process. Child Development, 66, Eisenberg, N., & Fabes, R. A. (1992). Emotion, regulation, and the development of social competence. In M. S. Clark (Ed.), Emotion and social behavior: Vol. 14. Review of personality and social psychology (pp ). Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Erwin, P. (1998). Friendship in Childhood and Adolescence. New York : John Wiley & Sons. Fonzi, A., Schneider, B. H., Tani, F., & Tomada, G. (1997). Predicting children s friendship status from their dyadic interaction in structured situations of potential conflict. Child Development, 68, Furman, W. (1996). The measurement of friendship perceptions: conceptual and methodological issues. In W. M. Bukowski, A. F. Newcomb, & W. W. Hartup (Eds.), The company they keep: Friendship during childhood and adolescence (pp ). New York: Cambridge University Press. Furman, W., & Buhrmester, D. (1992). Age and sex differences in perceptions of networks of personal relationships. Child Development, 63,

15 191 Gauze, C., Bukowski, W. M., Aquan-Assee, J., & Sippola, L. K. (1996). Interactions between family environment and friendship and associations with self-perceived well-being during early Adolescence. Child Development, 67, George, T. P., & Hartmann, D. P. (1996). Friendship networks of unpopular, average, and popular children. Child Development, 67, Gottman, J. M., & Mettetal, G. (1986). Speculations about social and affective development : Friendship and acquaintanceship through adolescnce. In J. M. Gottman & J. G. Parker (Eds.), Conversations of friends (pp ). New York: Cambridge University Press. Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (1998). Mapping of domain of expressivity: mutimethod of evidence for a hierarchical model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, Grotpeter, J. K., & Crick, N. R. (1996). Relational aggression, overt aggression, and friendship. Child Development, 67, Guacci- Franco, N., & Levitt, M. J. (1998).The social ecology of middle childhood: Family support, friendship quality, and self-esteem. Family Relations, 47, Harter, S. (1982). The Perceived Competence Scale for Children.Child Development, 53, Harter, S. (1999). The construction of the self: A Developmental Perspective. New York : Guilford Press. Hartup, W. W. (1996). The company they keep: Friendships and their developmental significance. Child Development, 67, Hubbard, J. A. (2001). Emotion expression processes in children s peer interaction: the role of peer rejection, aggression, and gender. Child Development, 72, Hussong, A. M. (2000). Perceived peer context and adolescent adjustment. Journal of Rescarch On Adolescence, 10, Keefe, K., & Berndt, T. J. (1996). Relations of friendship quality to self-esteem in early adolescence. Journal of Early Adolescence, 16, Kiraly, Z. (2000). The relationship between emotional self-disclosure of male and female adolescents friendship. Dissertation Abstracts International. Ladd, G. W., Kochenderfer, B. J., & Coleman, C. C. (1996). Friendship quality as a predictor of young children s early school adjustment. Child Developmen, 67, Maccoby, E. E. (1990). Gender and relationship: A developmental account. American Psychologist, 45, McGuire, K. D., & Weisz, J. R. (1982). Social cognition and behavior correlates of preadolescent chumship. Child Development, 53, Newcomb, A. F., & Bagwell, C. L. (1995). Children s Friendship Relations : A Meta-Analytic Review. Psychological Bulletin, 117, Parker, J. G., & Asher, S. R. (1993). Friendship and friendship quality in middle childhood: Links with peer group acceptance and feelings of loneliness and social dissatisfaction. Developmental Psychology, 29, Parker, J. G., & Gottman, J. M. (1989). Social and emotional development in a relational context : Friendship interaction from early childhood to adolescence. In.T. J. Berndt & G. W. Ladd (Eds.), Peer relationships in child development (pp.15-45). New York: John Wiley. Paterson, J., Pryor, J., & Field, J. (1995). Adolescent attachment to parents and friends in relation to aspects

16 192 of self-esteem. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 24, Poulin, F., & Boivin, M. (1999). Proactive and reactive aggression and boys friendship quality in mainstream classroom. Journal of Emotional & Behavioral Disorders, 7(3), Saarni, C. (1999). The Development of Emotional Competence. New York: Guilford Press. Stocker, C., & Dunn, J. (1990). Sibling relationships in childhood: Links with friendships and peer relationships. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 8, Sullivan, H. S. (1953). The interpersonal theory of psychiatry. New York : Norton. Walden, T., Lemerise, E., & Smith, M. C. (1999). Friendship and popularity in preschool classrooms. Early Education & Development, 10, Way, N. & Pahl, K. (2001). Individual and contextual predictors of perceived friendship quality among ethnic minority, low-income adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 11, Weimer, B. L., Kerns, K. A., & Oldenburg, C. M. (2004). Adolescents interactions with a best friend : Associations with attachment style. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 88, Windle, M. (1994). A study offriendship characteristics and problem behaviors among middle adolescents. Child Development, 65, Zeman, J., & Shipman, K. (1997). Social-contextual influences on expectancies for managing anger and sadness: The transition from middle childhood to adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 33, Zimmermann, P. (2004). Attachment representations and characteristics of friendship relations during adolescence. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 88,

17 193 Bulletin of Educational Psychology, 2006, 38 2), National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. The Relationships among Self-Esteem, Emotion Regulation and Friendship in Sixth-Grade Students Hui-Tzy Lin Taipei County Le-Li Elementary School Ching-Ling Cheng Department of Educational Psychology & Counseling National Taiwan Normal University The purposes of this study were (1) to understand the current situation of friendship among sixth-grade students; (2) to explore the gender differences in friendship among sixth-grade students; (3) to examine the relationships among self-esteem, emotion regulation and friendship among sixth-grade students. The participants were 710 sixth-grade students from nine elementary schools in Taipei County. The variables of interest were measured by the Friendship Questionnaire, Self-Esteem Scale, and Emotion Regulation Scale. The main findings were as follows: (1) About 87 of the students had at least one reciprocal friend, with the majority owning 2-3 reciprocal friends; (2) The sixth-grade students perceptions of friendship quality were at the level of medium or upper; (3) Girls had much more best friends than boys and their friendship quality was higher than boys in most dimensions i.e., help, security and trust, companionship and closeness ; (4) There were three significant canonical correlations between self-esteem and friendship; (5) There were two significant canonical correlations between emotion regulation and friendship. Finally, based on the findings, some suggestions for educators and future researchers were proposed. KEY WORDS: friendship, friendship quality, elementary school students, emotion regulation, selfesteem

單親幼兒的家長參與同儕人際及學習表現之探析 - 以幼兒園之教保服務人員觀點為例 Parents Involvement, Peer Relationship and Achievement of Children of Single

單親幼兒的家長參與同儕人際及學習表現之探析 - 以幼兒園之教保服務人員觀點為例 Parents Involvement, Peer Relationship and Achievement of Children of Single 朝陽人文學刊第十三卷第二期, 頁 79~96 二一五年十二月單親幼兒的家長參與同儕人際及學習表現之探析 - 以幼兒園之教保服務人員觀點為例南華大學生死學系南華大學生死學系摘要本研究從幼兒園之教保服務人員的觀點出發, 探討