1362 A Research on the Performance of Probability Concepts on Sixth-Grade Students Hsin-Chien Tsai Chi-Tsuen Yeh National University of Tainan Abstrac

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2 1362 A Research on the Performance of Probability Concepts on Sixth-Grade Students Hsin-Chien Tsai Chi-Tsuen Yeh National University of Tainan Abstract This research paper focuses on questioning the Probability concepts for elementary school's sixth grade. The main study methodology focuses on the quantity while the quality is the supplement. Test-survey method is used to research the Probability concepts in the sixth grade revealing the variance between different gender and different region. Semi-structured interviews are used for the children's solve strategies when they have a problem with Probability. The result of this research shows the variation Children have different performances on different Probability concepts. For the concept test of Probability the correct rate is approximately 75%. For the concept test of The law of large numbers and Probability, the correct rate is approximately 60%For the concept test of Sample space, the correct rate is approximately 25%, noticeably less than as mentioned. This result indicates there are some unclear thoughts requiring clarification for the students. From the ANOVA, we can determine there is no significant difference between gender and location on Probability performancethere is also no significant difference from regions in the learning of Probability concepts. Lastly, according to the literature, process, and result of this study, the researcher provides future suggestions and research to the Probability course's arrangement in the primary school. Keywords: probability, sample space, event, the law of large numbers.

Test-survey method is used to research the Probability concepts in the sixth grade revealing the variance between different gender and different region.

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29 1389 (85) (81)1116 (91) (91) (85) (92) (87) ( ) (85) (84) Bognar, K. & Nemetz, T. (1977). On the teaching of probability at secondary level. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 8, Fischbein, E. (1991). Factors affecting probabilistic judgments in children and adolescents. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 22(6), Fischbein, E. & Gazit, A. (1984). Do the teaching of improve probability intuitions? Educational Studies in Mathematics, 15, Jones, G. A., Thornton, C. A., Langrall, C. W., & Tarr, J. A. (1999). Understanding students probabilistic reasoning. In Stiff L. V. & Curcio F. R. (Eds.), Developing Mathematical Analyzing in Grades

30 1390 K-12 : 1999 year book (pp ). Reston, Va: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. Jones, G. A., Thornton, C. A., Langgrall, C. W., & Mogill, A. T. (1997). A Framework for assessing and nuturing Young Children s Thinking in Probability. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 32, Konold, C. (1993). Inconsistencies in students reasoning about Probability. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education,24(5), Kahneman, D. & Tversky, A. (1973). Availability: A heuristic for judging frequency and probability. Cognitive Psychology, 5, Shaughnessy, J. M. (1992). Research in probability and statistics: Reflections and directions. InD. Grouws (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Mathematics Teaching and Learning (pp ). New York: Macmillan.

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