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1 2012, Vol. 20, No. 10, Advances in Psychological Science DOI: /SP.J * BTI 人格类型量表 : 新近发展及应用湜 (, ) BTI 是 Katherine Briggs 与 Isabel yers 共同研制出的一种人格类型评估工具近些年来, 伴随其理论的演进, BTI 量表本身也经历了三个阶段的发展通过系统梳理 BTI 的发展历程并总结相关应用研究的主要结论, 发现 : 该量表的内在发展脉络是从类型间差异评估, 到类型内差异评估, 直至个体差异评估而未来研究应注重 : 调查我国职业基础人群 BTI 人格类型, 建立数据库 ; 深化 BTI 量表研究 ; 开展 BTI 跟踪研究及跨文化研究 ; 深入并拓展 BTI 人格类型的应用研究领域 BTI; 人格类型 ; 职业咨询 ; 团队发展 B841 1 引言,, (Personality determines the fate),, -(yers-briggs Type Indicator, BTI), (arrety, 2007) BTI ;, ;, (ccrae & Costa, 1989), BTI,, (Center for applications of psychological type, CAPT) (Consulting Psychologists Press, CPP), BTI (Trust), BTI STEP I STEP II STEP III,, CAPT, 1968, : * 2011 (11FXA001) : 顾雪英, guxueying@vip.sina.com BTI , BTI-,,, (ardner & artinko, 1996; Pittenger, 2005;,, 2006;, 2009),,,, 2 发展演进 1942, Katherine Briggs Isabel yers,, (Extraversion, E) (Introversion, I) ; (Sensing, S) (Intuition, N); (Thinking, T) (Feeling, F); (Judging, J) (Perceiving, P), 16, BTI, 10,, 1 BTI STEP I II III,, 1700

2 10 : BTI 1701 表 1 BTI 量表发展重要事件表 ( ) 1942 BTI-A yers Briggs BTI, BTI-A 1943~1961 BTI-B C D E 20, yers, B C D E 1962 (ETS) BTI, BTI 1968 Takeshi Ohsawa BTI, BTI 1969 ary ccaulley yers,, 1975 BTI-F BTI F, 166, (CAPT),, (CPP) BTI, BTI, 1977 BTI-, 126, BTI STEP I 1979, (The Association for Psychological Type, APT) ; Tom Carskadon (Journal of Psychological Type) 1980 Isabel yers, Peter yers Katharine yers BTI 1985 ccaulley BTI, CPP 1987 BTI-J J, 27, 290, 1989 BTI-K K, David Saunders 1998 BTI-,, BTI STEP I 2001 BTI-Q Q, BTI STEP II,, 2009 BTI STEP III, Isabel yers,,,, BTI, 2.1 STEP I: 类型间差异评估 STEP I,, STEP I BTI, 1998,, STEP II: 类型内差异评估 BTI, Isabel yers,,, STEP I 5 (Facets), 20, STEP II, BTI-Q (Quenk, Hammer, & ajors, 2001) STEP II,, E/I 5, STEP I, STEP II,, STEP II Q 2001, STEP III: 个体差异评估 BTI,,,, STEP III, yers, ccaulley, Quenk, Hammer

3 表 2 BTI 量表及其测量学指标研究结果 / 信度效度 / yers & ccaulley, ~0.92 Capraro, R.., & Capraro,.., 2002, α 0.55~0.97,,, α : E-I: ; S-N: ; T-F: ; J-P: Quenk et al., 2001 Q ~0.85 yers & ccaulley, 1985,,,, 2001 Capraro, R.., & Capraro,.., 2002, 2001 Quenk et al., 2001 Tzeng, Ware, & Chen, 1989,, Chia, Ren, 2000 yers, ccaulley, Quenk, & Hammer, 1998, 2001 Quenk et al., 2001 Buboltz, Johnson, Nichols, iller, & Thomas, 2000; Francis, Craig, & Robbins, 2007; yers & ccaulley, 1985; Furnham & Crump, 2007, 2000 yers et al., 1998 Q Q ; 2.5, , 0.64~ , E-I, 0.725; T-F, 0.541, ~ E-I: 0.775; S-N: 0.638; T-F: 0.776; J-P: ~0.78, 0.56~0.90, 97 6, AFI NNFI ,, 20 EPQ SDS SII NEO-PI FIRO-B, 16PF PI-2 EPQ P, 16PF, NEO, CPI, itchell (2009), STEP III,,, STEP III 222, Q, 20, F, BTI,,, STEP II STEP III, 3 BTI 在职业领域的相关研究,

4 10 : BTI 1703 BTI ; BTI,, BTI, 3.1 人格类型分布研究,,, ardner artinko (1996), TJ Carr, Curd Dent (2004) 8000,, ESTJ ENTJ INTJ ENTP, ESTJ ISTJ (,, 2004;,, Ian, 2009;,, 2011),, TJ, yers,, 3.2 人格类型的影响效果研究研究者,, Hough Ogolvie (2005), NT, ;, SF, J/P E/I,, (N/S, F/T),, BTI,, ichael (2003), BTI,, Brown Reilly (2009),,, E N ;,, BTI,,, BTI 1974, yers ccaulley, ; (yers, et al., 1998), BTI, Varvel, Adams, Pridie Ulloa (2004),, BTI,,, Kuipers, Higgs, Tolkacheva de Witte (2009) ,,,, BTI,,,,,, BTI, BTI, allén (2009), 10,, NT, ST,, 4 BTI 在教育领域的相关研究 yers (1998),, BTI

5 , ;,, 4.1 人格类型分布研究 Sears, Kennedy Kaye (1997), ESFJ ISFJ,, ; ENTJ INTJ,, Cooper iller (1991), N,, BTI,,,,, Hogan (2009), ENTJ,,, Jessee, O Neill Dosch (2006), 4 ISTJ, ESFJ, ESTJ ISFJ,, S J, (2006),, ISTJ, ESTJ ISFP; E-I J-P, 4.2 人格类型的影响效果研究 Cross, Neumeister Cassady (2007) 931,, INTJ, INTP,INFP,ENFP ENTP; E/I,,, N P, N N-S,, ENFP, (ISFJ )(Rushton, Knopp, & Smith, 2006; Rushton, organ, & Richard, 2007), ENFP ISFJ,,,,, -,,,, Bell (2011), I/E,,, S T J,, Lin, Kao Chang (2010) 148, T/F,,,,,,, 5 BTI 在其它领域的相关研究 5.1 BTI 在家庭咨询领域的相关研究,,,, I. B. yers P. B. yers (1980) , 77% 2, N/S, Kong (2010),, N/S, yers,

6 10 : BTI 1705,,,, 5.2 BTI 在临床领域的相关研究, (Janowsky, orter, Hong, & Howe, 1999; Janowsky, orter, & Hong, 2002; Srivastava, et al., 2010),, E J ;, I P ; N (2007), S F P, ESFP, 5.3 BTI 在宗教领域的相关研究,, Francis, Butler, Jones Craig (2007) Craig, Francis Barwick (2010), I S J,, F, T, S,J,, N N,, J Francis Jones (1999), N S 6 总结与展望 BTI,,, BTI ;, BTI, BTI,,,, BTI, BTI,,,,,, BTI,,, BTI BTI STEP I II III 10,,,,,, BTI Thompson (2006) Q, BTI BTI STEP II,, BTI STEP III,,,,,,, BTI BTI, BTI 25, 25 ;,,,,,, BTI

7 ,,, N (Cross et al., 2007),,, S (Kise, 2007),,, BTI,,,, BTI BTI,,,,,,,,,, BTI ;, 蔡华俭, 朱臻雯, 杨治良. (2001). 心理类型量表 (bti) 的修订初步. 应用心理学, 7(2), 罗正学, 苗丹民, 皇甫恩, 陈足怀. (2001). bti 人格类型量表中文版的修订. 心理科学, 24(3), 苗丹民, 皇甫恩, Rosina C. Chia, Ren Jianjun. (2000). BTI 人格类型量表的效度分析. 心理学报, 3(2), 苗丹民, 皇甫恩, 罗正学, 刘旭峰, 王广献, 安超. (2000). BTI 人格类型量表的效标关联效度分析. 第四军医大学学报, 21(11), 田凌飞. (2009). 荣格心理类型理论与量表的历史发展研究. 中国健康心理学杂志, 17(6), 武圣君, 苗丹民, 罗正学, 陈静, 王伟, 胡海燕. (2006). 口腔医学专业考生人格特点的中英样本比较. 中国心理卫生杂志, 20(11), 杨慧芳, 王翔. (2011). 中美企业管理者的性格类型比较研究. 南京社会科学, (3), 杨慧芳, 赵曙明. (2004). 企业管理者人格类型研究. 心理科学, 27(4), 杨慧芳, 赵曙明, Ian, L. B. (2009). 中澳管理者人格类型的性别差异研究. 心理科学,32(4), 曾维希, 张进辅. (2006). bti 人格类型量表的理论研究与实践应用. 心理科学进展, 14(2), 朱小虎, 孔克勤. (2007). 吸毒者整体人格探析. 心理科学, 30(1), Bell,. A., Wales, P. S., Torbeck, L. J., Kunzer, J.., Thurston, V. C., & Brokaw, J. J. (2011). Do personality differences between teachers and learners impact students' evaluations of a surgery clerkship? Journal of Surgical Education, 68(3), Brown, F. W., & Reilly,. D. (2009). The yers-briggs type indicator and transformational leadership. Journal of anagement Development, 28(14), Buboltz, W. C., Johnson, P., Nichols, C., iller,. A., & Thomas, A. (2000). BTI personality types and SII Personal Style Scales. Journal of Career Assessment, 8(2), Capraro, R.., & Capraro,.. (2002). yers-briggs type indicator score reliability across: Studies a meta-analytic reliability generalization study. Educational and Psychological easurement, 62(4), Carr,., Curd, J., & Dent, F. (2004). BTI research into distribution of type. Ashridge: anagement School. Cooper, S. E., & iller, J. A. (1991). BTI learning style-teaching style discongruencies. Educational and Psychological easurement, 51(3), Craig, C. L., Francis, L. J., & Barwick, J. (2010). Psychological type preferences of Christian groups: comparison with the UK population norms. Journal of Psychological Type, 70, Cross, T. L., Neumeister, K. L. S., & Cassady, J. C. (2007). Psychological types of academically gifted adolescents. ifted Child Quarterly, 51(3), Francis, L. J., Butler, A., Jones, S. H., & Craig, C. L. (2007). Type patterns among active members of the Anglican Church: A perspective from England. ental Health, Religion & Culture, 10(5), Francis, L. J., Craig, C. L., & Robbins,. (2007). The relationship between psychological type and the three major dimensions of personality. Current Psychology, 25(4), Francis, L. J., & Jones, S. H. (1999). Psychological type and tolerance for religious uncertainty. Pastoral Psychology, 47(4), Furnham, A., & Crump, J. (2007). Relationship between the

8 10 : BTI 1707 BTI and FIRO-B in a large British sample. Psychological Reports, 101(Pt1), allén, T. (2009). Top management team composition and views of viable strategies. Team Performance anagement, 15(7-8), ardner, W. L., & artinko,. J. (1996). Using the yers-briggs Type Indicator to study managers: A literature review and research agenda. Journal of anagement, 22(1), arrety, K. (2007). Beyond ISTJ: A discourse-analytic study of the use of the yers-briggs Type Indicator as an organisational change device in an Australian industrial firm. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 45(2), Hogan, R. L. (2009). Assessment of technology graduate students learning preference styles utilizing the myers-briggs type indicator. Journal of Industrial Technology, 25(1), 1 7. Hough, J. R., & Ogilvie, D. T. (2005). An empirical test of cognitive style and strategic decision outcomes. Journal of anagement Studies, 42(2), Janowsky, D. S., orter, S., Hong, L., & Howe, L. (1999). yers Briggs type indicator and tridimensional personality questionnaire differences between bipolar patients and unipolar depressed patients. Bipolar Disorders, 1(2), Janowsky, D. S., orter, S., & Hong, L. Y. (2002). Relationship of yers Briggs type indicator personality characteristics to suicidality in affective disorder patients. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 36(1), Jessee, S. A., O'Neill, P. N., & Dosch, R. O. (2006). atching student personality types and learning preferences to teaching methodologies. Journal of Dental Education, 70(6), Kise, J. A.. (2007). Differentiation through personality types: A framework for instruction, assessment, and classroom management. Corwin Pr. Kong, S. S. (2010). Relationships between yers-briggs Type Indicator (BTI) psychological type and marital satisfaction, divorce proneness, positive affect, and conflict regulation in clinic couples. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 40, Kuipers, B. S., Higgs,. J., Tolkacheva, N. V., & de Witte,. C. (2009). The influence of yers-briggs type indicator profiles on team development processes: An empirical study in the manufacturing industry. Small roup Research, 40, Lin, C. W., Kao,. C., & Chang, K. I. (2010). Is more similar, better? Interacting effect of the cognitive-style congruency and tacitness of knowledge on knowledge transfer in the mentor-protege dyad. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 13, ccrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1989). Reinterpreting the yers-briggs type indicator from the perspective of the five-factor model of personality. Journal of Personality, 57, ichael, J. (2003). Using the yers-briggs type indicator as a tool for leadership development? Apply with caution. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 10, yers, I., ccaulley,., Quenk, N., & Hammer, A. (1998). BTI manual: A guide to the development and use of the yers-briggs Type Indicator (3rd ed.). ountain View, CA: CPP. yers, I., ccaulley,., Quenk, N., Hammer, A., & itchell, W. (2009). BTI step III manual: Exploring personality development using the yers-briggs Type Indicator instrument. ountain View, CA: CPP. yers, I. B., & ccaulley,. H. (1985). anual: A guide to the development and use of the yers-briggs Type Indicator. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press. yers, I. B., & yers, P. B. (1980). ifts differing: Understanding personality type. Palo Alto: CPP Books. Pittenger, D. J. (2005). Cautionary comments regarding the yers-briggs type indicator. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 57, Quenk, N. L., Hammer, A. L., & ajors,. S. (2001). BTI Step II manual: Exploring the next level of type with the yers-briggs Type Indicator Form Q. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press. Rushton, S., Knopp, T. Y., & Smith, R. L. (2006). Teacher of the year award recipients yers-briggs personality profiles: Identifying teacher effectiveness profiles toward improved student outcomes. Journal of Psychological Type, 66(4), Rushton, S., organ, J., & Richard,. (2007). Teacher's yers-briggs personality profiles: Identifying effective teacher personality traits. Teaching and Teacher Education, 23, Sears, S. J., Kennedy, J. J., & Kaye,. L. (1997). yers-briggs personality profiles of prospective educators. Journal of Educational Research, 90, Srivastava, S., Childers,. E., Baek, J. H., Strong, C.., Hill, S. J., Warsett, K. S., et al. (2010). Toward interaction of affective and cognitive contributors to creativity in bipolar disorders: A controlled study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 125(1-3), Thompson, H. (2006). Exploring the interface of the type and emotional intelligence landscapes. Bulletin of Psychological Type, 29(3), Tzeng, O. C. S., Ware, R., & Chen, J.. (1989). easurement and utility of continuous unipolar ratings for

9 the yers-briggs type indicator. Journal of Personality Assessment, 53, Varvel, T., Adams, S.., Pridie, S. J., & Ulloa, B. C. R. (2004). Team effectiveness and individual yers-briggs personality dimensions. Journal of anagement in Engineering, 20, BTI: New Development and Application U Xue-Ying; HU Shi (School of Education Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing , China) Abstract: BTI is an instrument designed to assess personality type. It is jointly developed by Katherine Briggs and Isabel yers. In recent years, along with the advancement of its theory, BTI has gone through three developmental stages. Based on our systematic review of the development of the theory and findings of applied research, we have found that the BTI has evolved from examining inter-type differences, to examining intra-type differences, and then to examining individual differences. Future research should focus on investigating personality types among people employed in various occupations to establish a Chinese BTI database, deepening the research on BTI instrument, carrying out longitudinal and cross-cultural studies, and conducting more applied research on the use of BTI in the field. Key words: BTI; personality type; occupational counseling; team development

作主动追求知识获取技能, 在心理和生理上都非常积极的个体 (Zimmerman & Pons, 1986) 在此期间, 自我效能感 (self-efficacy) 自我控制 (self-control) 自我管理 (self-

作主动追求知识获取技能, 在心理和生理上都非常积极的个体 (Zimmerman & Pons, 1986) 在此期间, 自我效能感 (self-efficacy) 自我控制 (self-control) 自我管理 (self- 网络环境中英语学习者自我调控的个体特征研究 A Qualitative Study of Chinese EFL Learners Online Self-regulation * 1,2 郑春萍, 穆婕 2, 章僖格 2, 苑仁庆 2, 李芒 1 北京师范大学教育学部 2 北京邮电大学人文学院 * zhengchunping@bupt.edu.cn