禪修基本須知

禅修基本须知 及专用词汇手册 巴利 - 中文 - 英文 Ven. Dhammasiri 编 台湾法雨道场印行 1

禅修基本须知及专用词汇手册 巴利 - 中文 - 英文 目录 第一章 : 修行安般念到入禅... 3 Chapter 1: Develop Mindfulness-of-Breathing to Absorption... 3 第二章 : 其它修定的法门... 6 Chapter 2: Develop Absorption on Other Subjects... 6 第三章 : 四梵住与四护卫禅... 8 Chapter 3: Develop the Sublime Abiding and Protective-Meditations. 8 第四章 : 如何辨识色法... 13 Chapter 4: How to Discern Materiality... 13 第五章 : 如何辨识名法... 18 Chapter 5: How to Discern Mentality... 18 第六章 : 如何透视缘起的环结... 23 Chapter 6: How to See the Links of Dependent-Origination... 23 第七章 : 如何培育观智以透视涅槃... 25 Chapter 7: How to Develop the Insight-Knowledges to See Nibbana 25 参考数据... 31 帕奥修程之巴 ~ 中 ~ 英文对照补充... 32 2

第一章 : 修行安般念到入禅 Chapter 1: Develop Mindfulness-of-Breathing to Absorption KAMMATTHANA 业处 MEDITATION SUBJECT Anapanassati 安那般那念 ( 入出息念 ) Mindfulness of Breathing ASSASA-PASSASA 入出息 BREATH IN AND OUT Digham va assasanto 入息长 Breathing in a long breath Digham va passasanto 出息长 Breathing out a long breath Rassam va assasanto 入息短 Breathing in a short breath Rassam va passasanto 出息短 Breathing out a short breath Passambhayam kayasavkharam assasissami Passambhayam kayasavkharam passasissami 全身入息 全身出息 微细息 Calming the breath body breathe in Calming the breath body breathe out Subtle breath NIMITTA 禅相 THE SIGN OF CONCENTRATION Sabhava-lakkhana 自相 1 ( 自性相 ) Individual Characteristics Samabba-lakkhana 2 共相 General Characteristics 四种能使气平息的因 THE FOUR FACTORS MAKE THE BREATH CALM Abhoga 思惟 Reflecting Samannaharo 专念 Bringing to mind Manasikara 作意 Attending Vimamsa 观察 Deciding Uggaha-nimitta 禅相的现象 APPEARANCE OF THE SIGNS 取相 Taken-up sign or learning sign Patibhaga nimitta 似相 Counterpart sign Parikamma-nimitta 预备相 Preparatory sign 1 即 : 硬 粗 流动 支持 推动等 2 无常 (anicca) 苦 (dukkha) 无我 (anatta) 的性质 3

SAMADHI 禅定 CONCENTRATION Upacara 近行定 Access concentration Appana 安止定 Absorption concentration Sadisupacara 等分定 Similary concentration PABCAPACCAYO 平衡五根 BALANCING THE FIVE CONTROLLING FACULTIES Saddha 信 Faith Viriya 精进 Effort Sati 念 Mindfulness Samadhi 定 Concentration Pabba 慧 Understanding BHAVANA 两种禅修法 TWO TYPES OF MEDITATION Samatha 止 ( 奢摩他 ) Tranquillity Vipassana 观 ( 毗婆舍那 ) Insight JHANA 禅那 ABSORPTION Lokiya-jhana 世间禅 Mundane jhana Lokuttara-jhana 出世间禅 Supramundane jhana Rupavacara-jhana 色界禅 Fine-material plane jhana Arupa-jhana 无色界禅 Immaterial plane jhana SATTA BOJJAVGA 平衡七觉支 BALANCING THE SEVEN FACTORS OF ENLIGHTENMENT Sati 念觉支 The Enlightenment Factor of Mindfulness Dhammavicaya 择法觉支 Investigation of Phenomena Viriya 精进觉支 Effort Piti 喜觉支 Joy Passaddhi 轻安觉支 Tranquility Samadhi 定觉支 Concentration Upekkha 舍觉支 Equanimity 4

PABCA JHANAVGA 五禅支 FIVE JHANAS FACTORS Vitakka 寻 Applied thought Vicara 伺 Sustained thought Piti 喜 Joy Sukha 乐 Bliss Ekaggata 一境性 One-pointedness PABCA VASI-BHAVA 五自在 THE FIVE KINDS OF MASTERY Avajjana-vasi 转向自在 Mastery in Adverting Samapajjana-vasi 入定自在 Mastery in attaining Adhitthana-vasi 住定自在 Mastery in resolving Vutthana-vasi 出定自在 Mastery in emerging Paccavekkhana-vasi 省察自在 Mastery in reviewing 其他 OTHERS Bhavavga 有分心或有分识 Life-continuum consciousness Pathamajjhanam 初禅 First jhana (absorption) Dutiyajjhanam 第二禅 Second jhana Tatiyajjhanam 第三禅 Third jhana Catutthajjhanam 第四禅 Forth jhana Manodvaravithi 意门心路过程 Mind-door-thought-process Manodvaravajjana 意门转向心 Mind-door adverting consciousness 5

第二章 : 其它修定的法门 Chapter 2: Develop Absorption on Other Subjects 三十二身分 THE THIRTY-TWO PARTS OF THE BODY Kesa 发 Head hairs Loma 毛 Body hairs Nakha 爪 Nails Danta 齿 Teeth Taco 皮 Skin Mamsam 肉 Flesh Naharu 腱 Sinews Atthi 骨 Bones Atthi-mibja 骨髓 Bone marrow Vakkam 肾 Kidneys Hadayam 心 Heart Yakanam 肝 Liver Kilomakam 膜 Membrane Pihakam 脾 Spleen Papphasam 肺 Lungs Antam 肠 Intestines Antagunam 肠间膜 Mesentery Udariyam 胃中物 Undigested food Karisam 粪 Faeces Matthaluvgam 脑 Brain Pittam 胆汁 Bile Semham 痰 Phlegm Pubbo 脓 Pus Lohitam 血 Blood Sedo 汗 Sweat Medo 脂肪 Fat Assu 泪 Tears Vasa 膏 ( 皮脂 ) Grease Khelo 唾 Saliva Sivghanika 涕 Snot 6

Lasika 关节滑液 Synovial fluid Muttam 尿 Urine 涅槃的三门 THE THREE ENTRANCES TO NIBBANA Vannakasina 色遍 Colour kasina Patikula-manasikara 厌恶作意 ( 不净观 ) Repulsiveness Subbata 空 ( 无我 ) Voidness of self ATTHIKA 白骨观 THE SKELETON MEDITATION Patikula 厌恶 Repulsive Atthikapatikula 可厌的骨 Repulsive skeleton Atthika 骨 Skeleton DASA KASINA 十遍 THE TEN KASINAS Nila-kasinam 青遍 Blue kasina Pita-kasinam 黄遍 Yellow kasina Lohita-kasinam 红遍 Red kasina Odata-kasinam 白遍 White kasina Pathavi-kasinam 地遍 Earth kasina Apo-kasinam 水遍 Water kasina Tejokasinam 火遍 Fire kasina Vayokasinam 风遍 Wind kasina Alokakasinam 光明遍 Light kasina Akasakasinam 空遍 Space kasina CATU ARæPA-JHANA 四无色禅 THE FOUR IMMATERIAL JHANAS Akasanabcayatanajhana 空无遍处 The Base-of-Boundless-Space Vibbanabcayatanajhana 识无遍处 Boundless-Consciousness Akibcabbayatanajhana 无所有处 Nothingness Nevasabbanasabbayatanajhana 非想非非想处 Neither-Perception -Nor-Non- Perception 7

第三章 : 四梵住与四护卫禅 Chapter 3: Develop the Sublime Abiding and Protective-Meditations CATUBRAHMAVIHARA 四梵住 THE FOUR SUBLIME ABIDINGS Metta-bhavana 慈心观 Lovingkindness Karuna-bhavana 悲心观 Compassion Mudita-bhavana 喜心观 Appreciative-Joy Upekkha-bhavana 舍心观 Equanimity METTA BHAVANA 慈心观 LOVINGKINDNESS 不应当对两类人修慈心观 LOVINGKIDNESS SHOULD NOT BE DEVELOPED TOWARDS TWO TYPES OF PERSON Livgavisabhaga 异性之人 Someone of the opposite sex Kalakata-puggala 已死之人 Someone not alive 应当对四类人修慈心观 LOVINGKIDNESS SHOULD BE DEVELOPED TOWARDS FOUR TYPES OF PERSON Atta 你自己 Yourself Piya 喜爱者 A person you like and respect Majjhatta 中庸 ( 无爱憎 ) A neutral person Veri 怨敌 An enemy 最初的时候不应当对四类人修慈心观 IN THE VERY BEGINNING YOU SHOULD NOT DEVELOPED LOVINGKIDNESS TOWARDS FOUR TYPES OF PERSON Appiya-puggala 不喜爱者 An antipathetic person Atippiyasahayaka 极亲爱者 A very dear person Majjhattapuggala 中庸 无爱憎者 Veri-puggala 怨敌 An enemy A neutral, indifferent person 对自己培育慈爱的四种意念 THE FOUR TYPES OF THOUGHTS FOR DEVELOPING LOVINGKIDNESS TOWARDS YOURSELF May I be free from mental Aham avero homi 愿我免除危难 danger Abyapajjo homi 愿我免除精神的痛苦 mental pain 8

Anigho homi 愿我免除身体的痛苦 physical pain Sukhi attanam pariharami 愿我平安快乐 May I be well and happy 对敬爱的人散发慈爱 EXTENDING LOVINGKIDNESS TOWARDS A PERSON YOU LIKE AND RESPECT 愿此善人免除 May this good person be free Ayam sappuriso avero hotu 危难 from danger Ayam sappuriso abyapajjo hotu 精神的痛苦 mental pain Ayam sappuriso anigho hotu 身体的痛苦 physical pain Ayam sappuriso sukhi attanam pariharatu 愿此善人平安快乐 May this good person be well and happy SIMASAMBHEDA 破除界限 3 THE BREAKING DOWN OF BOUNDARIES 廿二类遍满 THE TWENTY-TWO CATEGORIES OF PERVASION Anodhiso-pharana 五类不限定的遍满 Five categories of unspecified pervasion Odhiso-pharana 七类限定的遍满 Seven categories of pervasion Disa-pharana 十类方向的遍满 Ten categories of directional pervasion 五类不限定的遍满 FIVE CATEGORIES OF UNSPECIFIED PERVASION Sabbe satta 一切有情 ( 众生 ) All beings Sabbe pana 一切有命者 ( 息生 ) All breathing things Sabbe bhuta 一切生物 All creatures Sabbe puggala 一切个人 ( 别生 ) All persons Sabbe attabhava-pariyapanna 一切个体 ( 自生 ) All individuals 七类限定的遍满 SEVEN CATEGORIES OF SPECIFIED PERVASION Sabba itthiyo 一切女人 All beings Sabbe purisa 一切男人 All breathing things Sabbe ariya 一切圣者 All women Sabbe anariya 一切凡夫 All men Sabbe deva 一切天神 All enlightened beings 3 你会发现对敬爱者与对亲爱者的慈心变成相等, 你可以将他们合为一类 于是只剩下四类人, 即 : 你自己 ; 喜爱者 ; 中庸者 ; 怨敌 9

Sabbe manussa 一切人类 All unenlightened beings Sabbe vinipatika 一切恶道众生 All beings in the lower realms 十类方向的遍满 4 TEN CATEGORIES OF DIRECTIONAL PERVASION Puratthimaya disaya 东方 To the East Pacchimaya disaya 西方 To the West Uttaraya disaya 南方 To the North Dakkhinaya disaya 北方 To the South Puratthimaya anudisaya 东南方 To the South East Pacchimya anudisaya 西北方 To the North West Uttaraya anudisaya 东北方 To the North East Dakkhinaya anudisaya 西南方 To the South West Hetthimya disaya 下方 Below Uparimya disaya 上方 Above KARUNA BHAVANA 悲心观 5 COMPASSION Ayam sappuriso dukkha muccatu 愿此善人解脱痛苦 May this person be released from suffering UPEKKHA BHAVANA 舍心观 EQUANIMITY Ayam sappuriso kammasako 此善人是他自己所造之业的承受者 This being is the heir to his own actions CATURARAKKHA BHAVANA 四护卫禅 THE FOUR PROTECTIVE MEDITATIONS Buddhanussati 佛随念 Recollection of the Buddha Asubha 不净观 Repulsiveness Marananussati 死随念 Recollection of Death Metta 慈心观 Loving kindness 4 将慈爱遍满到十方, 而每一方有四十八方式, 总共就有 480 种 (10x48) 方式 当我们加上前述的四十八种时, 总共有五百二十八种 (480 + 48) 遍满慈爱的方式 5 修行一百三十二种遍满悲悯的方法, 即 : 五类不限定的遍满 七类限定的遍满与一百二十类方向的遍满( 5+7(10 x 12)= 132 ) 这与修行慈心观时所用的方法相同 10

BUDDHANUSSATI 佛随念 RECOLLECTION OF THE BUDDHA Itipi so bhagava Araham Sammasambuddho Vijjacaranasam-panno Sugato Lokavidu Annuttaro purisadammasa-rathi Sattha devama-nussanam Buddho Bhagava 世尊已灭除烦恼 堪受尊敬 ( 阿罗汉 ) 他自己证悟圆满正觉 ( 正遍知 ) 他的智慧与德行达到完美 ( 明行足 ) 他只说利益与正实的话 ( 善逝 ) 他了解世间 ( 世间觉 ) 他是那些堪受调伏者的无上引导者 ( 无上士调御丈夫 ) 他是天神与人类的导师 ( 天人师 ) 他是觉悟者 ( 佛陀 ) 他是过去生善业福德果报的最吉祥拥有者 ( 世尊 ) This Blessed One, having destroyed mental defilements Is worthy of veneration He has attained perfect enlightenment by himself He is perfect in knowledge and the practice of morality He speaks only what is beneficial and true He knows the world He is the unsurpassable leader of men fit to be tamed He is the teacher of devas and men He is an Enlightened One He is the most fortunate possessor of the results of previous meritorious action ASUBHA 不净观 REPULSIVENESS Uddhumatakam 肿胀 A bloated corpse Vinilakam 青瘀 A livid corpse Vipubbakam 脓烂 A fastering corpse Vicchiddakam 断坏 A dismembered corpse Vikkhayitakam 食残 An eaten corpse Vikkhittakam 散乱 A scattered in pieces corpse Hatavikkhitta-kam 斩斫离散 A mutilated and scattered in pieces corpse Lohitakam 血涂 A bloody corpse Pulavakam 虫聚 A worm infested corpse Atthikam 骸骨 A skeleton 11

MARANANUSSATI 死随念 RECOLLECTION OF DEATH Maranam me dhuvam, jivitam me adhuvam 我必然会死, 人命是无常的 I am certain to die, life is impermanent Maranam me bhavissati 我一定会死 I certainly die Maranapariyosanam me jivitam 我的生命在死亡时断绝 My life will end in death 12

第四章 : 如何辨识色法 Chapter 4: How to Discern Materiality CATTARO MAHABHæTA 四界分别观 THE FOUR ELEMENTS MEDITATION PABCA PASADA-RAPA 五净色 THE FIVE TRANSPARENT-ELEMENT Cakkhu-pasada 眼净色 The eye trans-parent element Kaya-pasada 身净色 The body trans-parent element Sota-pasada 耳净色 The ear trans-parent element Ghana-pasada 鼻净色 The nose trans-parent element Jivha-pasada 舌净色 The tongue trans-parent element GHANA 三种密集 THE THREE KINDS OF COMPACTNESS Santati-ghana 相续密集 Compactness of continuity Samuha-ghana 组合密集 Compactness of group Kicca-ghana 功用密集 Compactness of function 如何分析净色 HOW TO ANALYSE THE TRANSPARENT-ELEMENT MATERIALITY Cakkhu-dasaka-kalapa 眼睛色为第十个色法的色聚 Eye as the tenth-factors-kalapa 1.Pathavidhatu 地界 Earth element 2. Apodhatu 水界 Water element 3. Tejodhatu 火界 Fire element 4. Vayodhatu 风界 Wind element 5. Vanna 颜色 Colour 6. Gandho 香 Odour 7. Raso 味 Taste 8. Oja 食素 Nutritive-essence 9. Jivita 命根 Life-faculty 10. Cakkhu-pasada 眼净色 Eye transparent element Kaya-dasaka-kalapa 身净色为第十个色法的色聚 Body as the tenth-factors-kalapa 1.Pathavidhatu 地界 Earth element 2. Apodhatu 水界 Water element 13

3. Tejodhatu 火界 Fire element 4. Vayodhatu 风界 Wind element 5. Vanna 颜色 Colour 6. Gandho 香 Odour 7. Raso 味 Taste 8. Oja 食素 Nutritive-essence 9. Jivita 命根 Life-faculty 10. Kaya-pasada 身净色 Body transparent element Sota-dasaka-kalapa 耳净色为第十个色法的色聚 Ear as the tenth-factors-kalapa 1.Pathavidhatu 地界 Earth element 2. Apodhatu 水界 Water element 3. Tejodhatu 火界 Fire element 4. Vayodhatu 风界 Wind element 5. Vanna 颜色 Colour 6. Gandho 香 Odour 7. Raso 味 Taste 8. Oja 食素 Nutritive-essence 9. Jivita 命根 Life-faculty 10. Sota-pasada 耳净色 Ear transparent element Ghana-dasaka-kalapa 鼻净色为第十个色法的色聚 Nose the tenth-factors-kalapa 1.Pathavidhatu 地界 Earth element 2. Apodhatu 水界 Water element 3. Tejodhatu 火界 Fire element 4. Vayodhatu 风界 Wind element 5. Vanna 颜色 Colour 6. Gandho 香 Odour 7. Raso 味 Taste 8. Oja 食素 Nutritive-essence 9. Jivita 命根 Life-faculty 10. Ghana-pasada 鼻净色 Nose transparent element 14

Jivha-dasaka-kalapa 舌净色为第十个色法的色聚 Tongue the tenth-factors-kalapa 1.Pathavidhatu 地界 Earth element 2. Apodhatu 水界 Water element 3. Tejodhatu 火界 Fire element 4. Vayodhatu 风界 Wind element 5. Vanna 颜色 Colour 6. Gandho 香 Odour 7. Raso 味 Taste 8. Oja 食素 Nutritive-essence 9. Jivita 命根 Life-faculty 10. Jivha-pasada 舌净色 Tongue transparent element 眼睛里的 54 种色法 THE FIFTY-FOUR TYPES OF MATERIALITY IN THE EYE Cakkhu-dasaka-kalapa 眼十法聚 Eye decad- kalapa Kaya-dasaka-kalapa 身十法聚 Body decad-kalapa Bhava-dasaka-kalapa 性根十法聚 Sex decad-kalapa Cittaja-ojatthamaka-kalapa Utuja-ojatthamaka-kalapa Aharaja-ojatthamaka-kalapa 心生食素八法聚 ( 由心产生 ) 时节生食素八法聚 ( 由时节产生 ) 食生食素八法聚 ( 由食物产生 ) Nutritive-essence octad kalapa (opaque and produced by consciousness) (opaque and produced by temperature) (opaque and produced by nutriment) Bhava-dasaka-kalapa 性根十法聚 The Sex decad kalapa 1.Pathavidhatu 地界 Earth element 2. Apodhatu 水界 Water element 3. Tejodhatu 火界 Fire element 4. Vayodhatu 风界 Wind element 5. Vanna 颜色 Colour 6. Gandho 香 Odour 7. Raso 味 Taste 8. Oja 食素 Nutritive-essence 9. Jivita 命根 Life-faculty 10. Bhava rupa 性根色 Sex materiality 15

6 Cittaja-ojatthamaka-kalapa 心生食素八法聚 The nutritive-essence-octad kalapa All the eight factors are same as Cakkhu-dasaka-kalapa 完全相同与眼睛色为第十个色法的色聚的前八项 All the eight factors are same as Cakkhu-dasaka-kalapa 四十二身分 THE FORTY-TWO PARTS OF THE BODY The first thirty-two parts are same as the thirty-two parts of the body Tejodhatu --santappana-tejo --jirana-tejo --daha-tejo --pacaka-tejo Vayodhatu --uddhavgama-vata --adhogama-vata --kucchisaya-vata --kotthasaya-vata --angamavganu sarino-vata --assasa-passasa 前面的三十二个部份相同于三十二身分 四个火界显著的部份 : -- 间隔性发烧之火 -- 导致成熟和老化之火 -- 普通发烧之火 -- 消化之火 六个风界显著的部份 : -- 上升风 -- 下升风 -- 腹内肠外风 -- 肠内风 -- 于肢体内循环之风 -- 入息与出息 The first thirty-two parts are same as the thirty-two parts of the body The four outstanding parts of the fire element -- -- -- --fire of digestion The six outstanding parts of the wind element --ascend wind --descend wind -- -- --wind in the intestine --breath-in and breath-out 廿八种色法 THE TWENTY-EIGHTS MATERIAL PHENOMENA AT A GLANCE 十八种完成色 The Eighteenth Concretely Produced Matter Bhuta-rupa 元素色 Great Essentials 1.Pathavi-dhatu 2. Apo-dhatu 3. Tejo-dhatu 4. Vayo-dhatu 地界水界火界风界 Earth element Water element Fire element Air element Pasada-rupa 净色 Sensitive Phenomena 5. Cakkhu 6. Sotam 7. Ghanam 8. Jivha 9. Kayo 眼净色耳净色鼻净色舌净色身净色 Eye-sensitivity Ear- sensitivity Nose- sensitivity Tongue-sensitivity Body- sensitivity Gocara-rupa 境色 Objective Phenomena 6 时节生食素八法聚及食生食素八法聚相同于心生食素八法聚 16

10. Rupam 11. Saddo 12. Gandho 13. Raso 颜色声香味 Visible form Sound Smell Taste Bhava-rupa 性根色 Sexual Phenomena 14. Itthattam 15. Purisattam 女根色男根色 Femininity Masculinity Hadayarupa 心色 Heart Phenomenon 16. Hadaya-vatthu 心所依处 Heart-base Jivitarupa 命色 Life Phenomenon 17. Jivitindriyam 命根色 Life faculty Kabalikarahara 食色 Nutritional Phenomenon 18. Kabalikaro 食素 ( 营养 ) Nutriment Dasa Anipphannarupa/ 十种不完成色 The Ten Non-Concrete Matter Paricchedarupa 限制色 Limiting Phenomenon 19. Akasadhatu 空界 Space element Vibbattirupa 表色 Communication Phenomena 20. Kayavibbatti 21. Vacivibbatti 身表语表 Bodily intimation Vikararupa 变化色 Mutable Phenomena intimationvocal 22. Rupassa lahuta 23. Rupassamuduta 24. Rupassa kammabbata 色轻快性色柔软性色适业性 Lightness Malleability Wieldiness Lakkhanarupa 相色 Characteristics of Matter 25. Rupassa upacaya 26. Santati 27. Jarata 28. Aniccata 色积集性色相续性色老性色无常性 Production Continuity Decay Impermanence 17

第五章 : 如何辨识名法 Chapter 5: How to Discern Mentality 五十二心所 THE FIFTY-TWO FACTORS AT A GLANCE Abbasamanacetasika 十三通一切心所 The Thirteenth Ethically Variables Sabbacitta-sadharana--7 七遍一切心心所 Universals 7 1. Phassa 2. Vedana 3. Sabba 4. Cetana 5. Ekaggata 6. Jivitindriya 7. Manasikara 触受想思一境性命根作意 Contact Feeling Perception Volition One pointedness Life faculty Attention Pakinnaka--6 六杂心所 Occasionals--6 8. Vitakka 9. Vicara 10. Adhimokkha 11. Viriya 12. Piti 13. Chanda 寻伺胜解精进喜欲 Applied thought Sustained thought Decision Energy Joy Desire Akusala Sadharana Cetasika 十四不善心所 The Fourteenth Unwholesome Factors Akusala Sadha-rana Cetasika 四通一切不善心 Unwholesome Universals--4 14. Moha 15. Ahirika 16. Anottappa 17. Uddhacca 痴无惭无愧掉举 Delusion Shamelessness Fearlessness of wrongdoing Restlessness Akusala Cetasika 十杂不善心所 Unwholesome Occasionals 10 18. Lobha 19. Ditthi 20. Mana 21. Dosa 22. Issa 23. Macchariya 24. Kukkucca 25. Thina 26. Middha 27. Vicikiccha 贪邪见慢瞋嫉妒悭恶作昏沉睡眠疑 Greed Wrong view Conceit Hatred Envy Avarice Worry Sloth Torpor Doubt 18

Akusala Sadha-rana Cetasika 四通一切不善心 Unwholesome Universals--4 14. Moha 15. Ahirika 16. Anottappa 17. Uddhacca 痴无惭无愧掉举 Delusion Shamelessness Fearlessness of wrongdoing Restlessness Akusala Cetasika 十杂不善心所 Unwholesome Occasionals 10 18. Lobha 19. Ditthi 20. Mana 21. Dosa 22. Issa 23. Macchariya 24. Kukkucca 25. Thina 26. Middha 27. Vicikiccha 贪邪见慢瞋嫉妒悭恶作昏沉睡眠疑 Greed Wrong view Conceit Hatred Envy Avarice Worry Sloth Torpor Doubt Sobhanacetasika 廿五美心所 The Twenty-five Beautiful Factors Sobhana-sadharana--19 28. Saddha 29. Sati 30. Hiri 31. Ottappa 32. Alobha 33. Adosa 34. Metta 35. Tatramajjhattata 36. Kaya-passaddhi Citta-passaddhi 37. Kaya-lahuta 38. Citta-lahuta 39. Kaya-muduta 40. Citta-muduta 41. Kaya-kammabbata 42. Citta-kammabbata 43. Kaya-pagubbata 44. Citta-pagubbata 45.Kayujjukata 46. Cittujjukata 十九遍一切美心心所 信念惭愧无贪无瞋慈中舍性身轻安心轻安身轻快性心轻快性身柔软性心柔软性身适业性心适业性身练达性心练达性身正直性心正直性 Beautiful Factors--19 Faith Mindfulness Shame Fear of wrong Non-greed Non-hatred lovingkindness Neutrality of mind Tranquility of mental body Tranquility of consciousness Lightness of mental body Lightness of consciousness Malleability of mental body Malleability of consciousness Wieldiness of mental body Wieldiness of consciousness Proficiency of mental body Proficiency of consciousness Rectitude of mental body Rectitude of consciousness 19

Samucchedavirati 三离 The Three Abstinences 47. Sammavaca 48. Sammakammanta 49. Samma-ajiva 正语正业正命 Right speech Right action Right livelihood Appamabba 二无量 Two Illimitables 50. Karuna 51. Mudita 悲悯随喜 Compassion Appreciative joy Amoha 一无痴 Non-delusion 52. Pabba 慧根 Wisdom faculty 心根据它们存在的界之分类 CONSCIOUSNESS WHICH CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THEIR PLANE OF EXISTENCE Kamavacara 欲界 Sensual plane Rupavacara 色界 Fine-material plane Arupavacara 无色界 Immaterial plane Lokuttara 出世间 Supramundane 两种心 TWO TYPES OF CONSCIOUSNESS 1. Cittavithi 心路过程心 2. Vithimutta 离心路过程心 Consciousness in the thoughtprocess Consciousness outside the thought-process 7 初禅的意门心路过程由一连串不同功能的六种心组成 A MIND-DOOR THOUGHT-PROCESS OF THE FIRST JHANA CONSISTS OF A SEQUENCE OF SIX TYPES OF CONSCIOUSNESS EACH WITH DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS 1. Manodvarava-jjana 意门转向心 (12 个 ) Mind-door-adverting consciousness 2. Parikamma 遍作心 (34 个 ) A preparatory consciousness 3. Upacara 近行心 An access consciousness 4. Anuloma 随顺心 (34 个 ) A conformity consciousness 5. Gotrabhu 种性心 (34 个 ) A change-of-lineage consciousness 7 二禅的前五者于初禅相似, 禅那速行 ( 除寻 伺 ); 三禅的前五者于初禅相似, 禅那速行 ( 除寻 伺 喜 ); 四禅的禅那速行 ( 除寻 伺 喜, 以 舍 取代 乐 ) 20

6. Jhana-javana-citta 相续不断一连串的禅那速行心 (34 个 ) An uninterrupted sequence of jhana impulsion consciousness 8 初禅的三十四个名法 THE FIRST JHANA CONSISTS OF THIRTY-FOUR MENTALITY 9 1. Vibbana 识 10 2. Phassa 触 Consciousness Contact 11 3. Vedana 受 4~14 Please refer to Abbasama -nacetasika no. 3~13 15~33 Please refer to Sobhanacetasika no. 28~46 第 4 至 14 项请见十三通一切心所的第 3 至 13 项 第 15 至 33 项请见廿五美心所的第 28 至 46 项 Feeling 4~14 Please refer to Thirteenth Ethically Variables no. 3~13 15~33 Please refer to Twenty -five Beautiful Factors no. 28~46 34. Pabba 慧根 Wisdom faculty MANODVARA VITHI 欲界的善意门心路过程由一连串不同功能的心组成 A WHOLESOME MIND-DOOR THOUGHT-PROCESS OF THE SENSUAL PLANE CONSISTS OF CONSCIOUSNESS EACH WITH DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS Manodvara-vajjana 意门转向心 Mind-door-adverting consciousness Javana-citta 七个速行心 Seven impulsion consciousness Tadarammana-citta 两个被所缘心 Two registration consciousness CAKKHUDVARA VITHI 眼门心路过程由一连串不同功能的七种心组成 AN EYE-DOOR THOUGHT-PROCESS CONSISTS OF A SEQUENCE OF SEVEN TYPES OF CONSCIOUSNESS EACH WITH DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS 1. Pabbcadvara-vajjana 五门转向心 Five-door adverting consciousness 2. Cakkhuvibbana 眼识 An eye consciousness 3. Sampaticchana 领受心 A receiving consciousness 4. Santirana 推度心 An investigating consciousness 5. Votthapana 确定心 A determining consciousness 8 以白遍为例 9 识 = 拥有 那白遍似相 ( 根据疏钞所说的 jànana nàma upaladdhi) 10 触 = 接触白遍似相 ( 相 ); 触 = 把白遍似相和似 连接 起来 ( 作用 ) 11 受 = 体验白遍似相之可喜 ( 这是初禅的乐受 ) 21

6. Javana-citta 速行心 Impulsion consciousness 7. Tadarammana-citta 被所缘心 Registration consciousness 其他 OTHERS Pabcadvara-vithi 五门心路过程 Five-door thought-process Manodvara-vithi 意门心路过程 Mind-door thought process Kamavacara-vithi 欲界心路过程心 Sensual plane thought-process Kamavacara-kusala-manodvaravithi 欲界的善意门心路过程 Wholesome mind-door thoughtprocess of the sensual plane takes place Rupa-kammatthana 名业处 Discernment of materiality Nama-kammatthana Jhana-javana-citta 色业处 禅那速行心 Discernment of mentality Absorption impulsion consciousness Cittaniyama 心法法则 Natural law Yoniso-manasikara Ayoniso-manasikara 如理作意 ( 从根源作意 ) 不如理作意 ( 不从根源作意 ) Wise attention Unwise attention 22

第六章 : 如何透视缘起的环结 Chapter 6: How to See the Links of Dependent-Origination PATICCASAMUPPADA 缘起 ( 第一法 ) DEPENDENT-ORIGINATION (1 st Method) 1. Avijjapaccaya savkhara 缘于无明, 行生起 2. Savkharapac-caya vibbanam 缘于行, 识生起 3. Vibbanapaccaya namarupam 4.Namarupapa-ccaya salayata-nam 5. Salayatanapaccaya phasso 缘于识, 名色生起 缘于名色, 六处生起 缘于六处, 触生起 6. Phassapaccaya vedana 缘于触, 受生起 7. Vedanapacca-ya tanha 缘于受, 爱生起 8. Tanhapaccaya upadanam 缘于爱, 取生起 9. Upadanapaccaya bhavo 缘于取, 有生起 10. Bhavapaccaya jati 缘于有, 生生起 11.Jatipaccaya jara-maranasokaparideva-dukkha-domanass' upayassa sambhavanti 缘于生, 老 死 愁 悲 苦 忧 恼生起 Dependent on ignorance arise kammic formations kammic formation conciousness consciousness mind-and-matter mind-and-matter the six sense bases the six sense bases contact contac t feeling feeling craving craving clinging clinging existence existence birth birth decay-and-death, sorrow, lamen-tation, pain, grief, and des-pair PATICCASAMUPPADA 缘起 ( 第五法 ) DEPENDENT-ORIGINATION (5 th Method) 1. Bata paribba 知遍知 2. Tirana paribba 度遍知 3. Pahana paribba 断遍知 Autological knowledge-- comprehension of the nature of things Analytical knowledge-- comprehension of their characteristics, such as anicca (impermanence), dukkha (suffering), anatta (selfless-ness) Dispelling knowledge-- comprehension culminating in their complete and final cessation 23

三种轮 THREE KINDS OF ROUND Kilesa-vatta 烦恼轮 Round of defilement Kamma-vatta 业轮 Round of kamma Vipaka-vatta 果轮 Round of results 临死速行心的对相 OBJECT OF NEAR DEATH IMPULSION CONSCIOUSNESS Kamma 业 Action Kamma-nimitta 业相 Kamma sign Gati-nimitta 趣相 Rebirth sign 其他 OTHERS Cetana 思 Intention Kusala-cetana 善思 Wholesome intention Patisandhi-citta 结生识 Rebirth-linking consciousness Maranasanna-javana-citta 临死速行心 Near death impulsion consciousness Arahatta-magga 阿罗汉道 Attainment of the Arahant path 24

第七章 : 如何培育观智以透视涅槃 Chapter 7: How to Develop the Insight-Knowledges to See Nibbana CHA VATTHæ 六依处 THE SIX BASES 1. Cakkhu-vathu 眼依处 Eye base 2. Sota-vathu 耳依处 Ear base 3. Ghana-vathu 鼻依处 Nose base 4. Jivha-vathu 舌依处 Tongue base 5. Kaya-vathu 身依处 Body base 6. Vibbana-vathu 识依处 Mind base PABCA KHANDHA 五蕴 THE FIVE AGGREGATES Rupa 色 Materiality Vedana 受 Feeling Sabba 想 Perception Savkhara 行 Volition Vibbana 识 Consciousness 十一种受及想 THE ELEVEN TYPES OF FEELING AND PERCEPTION 1. Atita 过去 Past 2. Anagata 现在 Present 3. Paccuppanna 未来 Future 4. Ajjhatta 内 Internal 5. Bahiddha 外 External 6. Olarika 粗 Gross 7. Sukhuma 细 Subtle 8. Hina 劣 Inferior 9. Panita 胜 Superior 10. Dura 近 Near 11. Santika 远 far 25

CHA DVARA 六门 THE SIX DOORS 1. Cakkhu-dvara 眼门 Eye door 2. Sota-dvara 耳门 Ear door 3. Ghana-dvara 鼻门 Nose door 4. Jivha-dvara 舌门 Tongue door 5. Kaya-dvara 身门 Body door 6. Vibbana-dvara 意门 Mind door CHA RAMMANA 六所缘 ( 六尘 )THE SIX OBJECTS 1. Ruparammana 颜色所缘 (= 色 ) Visible form 2. Saddarammana 声所缘 (= 声 ) Sound 3. Gandharammana 香所缘 (= 香 ) Smell 4. Rasarammana 味所缘 (= 味 ) Taste 5. Photthabbarammana 触所缘 (= 触 ) Tangible 6. Dhammarammana 法所缘 (= 法 ) Mental-object CHA VIBBANA 六识 THE SIX CONSCIOUSNESS 1. Cakkhu-vibbana 眼识 Eye consciousness 2. Sota- vibbana 耳识 Ear consciousness 3. Ghana- vibbana 鼻识 Nose consciousness 4. Jivha- vibbana 舌识 Tongue consciousness 5. Kaya- vibbana 身识 Body consciousness 6. Mano- vibbana 意识 Mind consciousness DVADA AYATANA 十二处 THE TWELVE SENSE BASES 1. Cakkhayatana 眼处 Eye base 2. Sotayatana 耳处 Ear base 3.Ghanayatana 鼻处 Nose base 4. Jivhayatana 舌处 Tongue base 5. Kayayatana 身处 Body base 6. Manayatana 意处 Mind base 26

7. Rupayatana 颜色处 Visible form base 8. Saddayatana 声处 Sound base 9. Gandhayatana 香处 Smell base 10. Rasayatana 味处 Taste base 11. Photthabbayatana 触处 Tangible base 12. Dhammayatana 法处 Mental-object base ATTHARASA DHATU 十八界 THE EIGHTEENTH ELEMENTS 1. Cakkhu-dhatu 眼界 Eye element 2. Sota-dhatu 耳界 Ear element 3. Ghana-dhatu 鼻界 Nose element 4. Jivha-dhatu 舌界 Tongue element 5. Kaya-dhatu 身界 Body element 6. Rupa-dhatu 颜色界 Visible form element 7. Sadda-dhatu 声界 Sound element 8. Gandha-dhatu 香界 Smell element 9. Rasa-dhatu 味界 Taste element 10. Potthabba-dhatu 触界 Tangible element 11.Cakkhuvibbana-dhatu 眼识界 Eye consciousness element 12. Sota-dhatu 耳识界 Ear consciousness element 13. Ghana-dhatu 鼻识界 Nose consciousness element 14. Jivha-dhatu 舌识界 Tongue consciousness element 15. Kaya-dhatu 身识界 Body consciousness element 16. Mona-dhatu 意界 Mind element 17. Dhamma-dhatu 法界 Mental-object element 18. Manovibbana-dhatu 意识界 Mind-consciousness element 四个方法阐明究竟法的本质 THE FOUR WAYS TO ELUCIDATE THE NATURE OF ULTIMATE REALITY 1. Lakkhana 相 特相 特征 Its characteristic 2. Rasa 作用 ( 味 ) Its function 3. Paccupatthana 现起 现状 Its manifestation 27

4. Padatthana 近因 ( 足处 ) Its proximate cause 七清净 THE SEVEN STAGES OF PURIFICATION 1. Sila-visuddhi 戒清净 Purification of Virtue 2. Citta- visuddhi 心清净 Purification of Mind 3. Ditthi- visuddhi 见清净 Purification of View 4. Kavkhavitarana- visuddhi 度疑清净 5. Maggamagga- banaadassanavisuddhi 道非道智见清净 6. Patipadabana-dassana- visuddhi 行道智见清净 Purification by Overcoming doubt The Purification by Knowledge and Vision of What is and What is not Path The Purification by Vision of the Way 7. Banadassana- visuddhi 智见清净 The Purification by and Vision 1.Namarupa-pariccheda-bana 2.Paccaya-pariggaha-bana 十六观智 THE SIXTEEN INSIGHT-KNOWLEDGES 名色识别智 缘摄受智 The Knowledge of Analyzing Mentality-and-Materiality The Knowledge of Discerning Cause and Condition 3. Sammasana-bana 思惟智 Comprehension 4. Udayabbaya-bana 生灭随观智 Arising and Passing-away 5. Bhavga-bana 坏灭随观智 Dissolution 6. Bhaya-bana 怖畏现起智 Terror 7. Adinava-bana 过患随观智 Danger 8. Nibbida-bana 厌离随观智 Disenchantment 9. Mubcitukamyata-bana 欲解脱智 Desire for Deliverance 10. Patisavkha-bana 审察随观智 Reflection 11.Savkharupekkha-bana 行舍智 Equanimity Toward Formations 12. Anuloma-bana 随顺智 Conformity 13. Gotrabhu-bana 种性智 Change-of-lineage 14. Magga-bana 道智 The Path Knowledge 15. Phala-bana 果智 The Fruition Knowledge 16.Paccavekkhana-bana 省察智 Reviewing Knowledge 28

CATTARISAKARAANUPASSANA 四十种思惟法 THE FORTY PERCEPTIONS 无常组有十个 to There are ten ßtoûin the impermanence group 1. Aniccato 无常 Impermanent 2. Palokato 毁 Disintegrating 3. Calato 动 Fickle 4. Pabhavguto 坏 Perishable 5. Addhuvato 不恒 Unenduring 6.Viparinama-dhammato 变易法 Subject to change 7. Asarakato 不实 Having no core 8. Vibhavato 无有 Subject to annihilation 9. Maranadhammato 死法 Subject to death 10. Savkhatato 有为 Formed 苦组有廿五个 -to There are twenty-five ß-toûin the suffering group 1. Dukkhato 苦 Suffering 2. Rogato 病 A disease 3. Aghato 恶 A calamity 4. Gandato 痈 疮 A boil 5. Sallato 箭 A dart 6. Abadhato 疾 An affliction 7. Upaddavato 祸 A disaster 8. Bhayato 怖畏 A terror 9. Itito 难 A plague 10. Upassaggato 灾 A menace 11. Atanato 非保护所 No protection 12. Alenato 非避难所 No shelter 13. Asaranato 非皈依处 No refuge 14. Vadhakato 杀戮者 Murderous 15. Aghamulato 恶之根 The root of calamity 16. Adinavato 患 A danger 29

17. Sasavato 有漏 Subject to taints 18. Maramisato 魔饵 Mara's bait 19. Jatidhammato 生法 Subject to birth 20. Jaradhammato 老法 Subject to aging 21. Byadhidhammato 病法 Subject to illness 22. Sokadhammato 愁法 Cause of sorrow 23. Paridevadhammato 悲法 Cause of lamentation 24. Upayasadhammato 恼法 Cause of despair 25. Samkilesadhammato 杂染法 Subject to defilement 无我组有五个 -to There are five ßtoûin the non-self group 1. Anattato 无我 Non-self 2. Subbato 空 Void 3. Parato 敌 Independent 4. Rittato 无 Empty 5. Tucchato 虚 Vain DASA-UPAKKILESA 十种随烦恼 THE TEN IMPERFECTIONS OF INSIGHT 1. Obhasa 光明 Light 2. Bana 智 Insight 3. Piti 喜 Joy 4. Passaddhi 清安 Tranquillity 5. Sukha 乐 Bliss 6. Adhimokkha 胜解 Confidence 7. Paggaha 策励 Effort 8. Upatthana 现起 Mindfulness 9. Upekkha 舍 Equanimity 10. Nikanti 欲 Attachment 30

参考数据 1. 智慧之光 ; 译者 : 净法比丘等 2. 如实知见 ; 中译者 : 第子合译 3. 菩提资粮 ; 中译者 : 第子合译 4. 正念之道 ; 中译者 : 第子合译 5. 去尘除垢 ; 中译者 : 寻法比丘 6. 禅修基本须知 ; 整理者 : 开恩法师 7. 阿毗达摩概要精解 ; 中译者 : 寻法比丘 8. 缘起-- 第五法 中译者 : 寻法比丘 9. Knowing and Seing ( 如实知见 ) 英语讲述者 : 帕奥禅师 10. A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma ( 阿毗达摩概要精解 ); 著者 : Bhikkhu Bodhi 31

帕奥修程之巴 ~ 中 ~ 英文对照补充 Visuddhimagga 清净道论 The Path of Purification bhante 尊者 venerable kamma-tthana 业处 meditation object anapana-sati 安般念 ( 出入息念 )mindfulness-of-breathing assasa-passasa 息 breath parimukkha 人中 ( 及上唇 )upper lip nasaputa 鼻孔 nostrils sati 觉知 aware sabhava-lakkhana 自性相 individual characteristics samabba-lakkhana 共相 general characteristics anicca 无常 impermanent dukkha 苦 suffering anattta 无我 non-self lakkhana 特征 ( 特相 ) characteristics pabbatti 观念 施设 概念 假名 concept nivarana 五盖 five hindrances kàmacchanda 贪欲 sensual desire byapada(=vyàpàda) 瞋恨 ill-will thina-middha 昏沉睡眠 sloth and torpor kukkucca 后悔 remorse uddhacca 掉举 Restless 妄念 agitated vicikiccha 怀疑 doubt pabcindriya 五根 five controlling faculties saddha 信 faith viriya 精进 ( 英雄本色 viranam bhavo) effort sati 念 mindfulness samadhi 定 concentration pabba 慧 wisdom satta bojjhavga 七觉支 SEVEN FACTORS OF ENLIGHTENMENT sati 念 mindfulness dhammavicaya 择法 investigation viriya 精进 ( 英雄本色 viranam bhavo) effort piti 喜 joy passadhi 轻安 tranquillity samadhi 定 concentration upekkha 舍 ( 平等 旁观 )equanimity 32

nimitta 相 ( 禅相 ) sign parikamma 遍作 ( 预备 ) preparatory uggaha-nimitta 取相 taken-up sign(learning sign) patibhaga-nimitta 似相 counterpart sign upacara-samadhi 近行 access concentration appana-samadhi 安止 absorption. concentration bhavavga 有分 life-continuum jhana 禅那 concentration jhanavga 禅支 JHANAS FACTORS pabca 五 five vitakka 寻 ( 专注于目标 )applied thought vicara 伺 ( 继续专注于目标 )sustained thought piti 喜 ( 对 似相 的喜悦,属于行蕴 ) joy sukha 乐 ( 乐受或体验 似相 的快乐感受,属于受蕴 )bliss ekaggata 一境性 ( 对 似相 的心的专一 )one-pointedness pathamam jhanam 初禅 first jhana( 寻 伺 喜 乐 一境性 ) dutiyam jhanam 第二禅 second jhana( 喜 乐 一境性 ) tatiyam jhanam 第三禅 third jhana( 乐 一境性 ) catuttham jhanam 第四禅 forth jhana( 一境性 舍 upekkha) pabca vasi 五自在 (five) mastery samapajjana vasi 入定自在 attaining( 有能力随心所欲地在任何时候入定 ) adhitthana vasi 住定 ( 决意 ) 自在 resolving( 有能力决定入禅的时间多久 ) vutthana vasi 出定自在 emerging( 有能力依照自己决定的时刻出定 ) avajjana vasi 转向自在 adverting( 有能力在出定后以意门转向心去省察禅支 ) paccavekkhana vasi 省察自在 reviewing( 有能力以速行心去省察禅支 ) CATTâRO MAHâBHæTâ 四大 ( 界 ) 分别观 four element dhàtu 界 element pathavi 地 Earth apo 水 water tejo 火 fire vàyo 风 wind lakkhana 特相 characteristics 1) kakkhalam 硬 hardness 2) pharusam 粗 roughness 3) garukam 重 heaviness 4) mudukam 软 softness 5) sanham 滑 smoothness 33

6) lahukam 轻 lightness 7) paggharana 流动 flowing 8) abandhana 黏结 cohesion 9) unha 热 heat 10) sita 冷 coldness 11) vitthambhana 支持 supporting 12) samudirana 推动 pushing anupubbato 次第 in order nàtisãghato 不太快 not too fast nàtisaõikato 不太慢 not too slow vikkhepapatibàhanato kasina 遍 ( 整遍 ) lokiya-jhana 世间禅 mundane lokuttara-jhana 出世间禅 supramundane jhanas rupa-jhana 色界禅 fine-material jhanas arupa-jhana 无色界禅 immaterial jhanas paramattha 胜义 ( 第一义 )ultimate mentality-materiality samatha 奢摩他 ( 止 ) tranquillity vipassana 观 ( 毗婆舍那 ) insight knowledge rupa kammatthana 色业处 rupa 色 ( 物质 ) materiality kalapa 色聚 atom ghana 密集 continuity santati 相续 compactness samåha 组合 group kicca 功用 function pasàda 净色 transparent element cakkhu 眼 eye sota 耳 ear ghàna 鼻 nose jivhà 舌 tongue kàya 身 body vaõõa 颜色 Colour gandho 香 odour raso 味 taste ojà 食素 nutritive-essence jãvita 命根 life-faculty dasaka 第十 tenth decad-kalàpa 十法聚 34

bhàva 性根 sex cittaja-ojatthamaka-kalàpa 心生 ( 由心产生 ) 食素八法聚 nutritive-essence octad kalàpa(opaque and produced by consciousness) utuja-ojatthamaka-kalàpa 时节生 ( 由时节产生 ) 食素八法聚 opaque and produced by temperature) ahàraja 食生 produced by nutriment nama 名 ( 精神 ) mental cetasika 心所 mental factor hadaya-vatthu(hadaya-råpa) 心所依处 heart-base mano-dvàravãthi 意门心路 mind-door-thought-process mano-dvàràvajjana 意门转向心 mind-door adverting consciousness votthapanacitta 确定心 determining consciousness phala-citta 果心 fruition consciousness vipassanà- àõa 观智 insight-knowledges magga-bana 道智 path knowledge dasa parami 十波罗蜜 ten parami 1 dana 布施 giving 2 sila 持戒 morality 3 nekkhamma 出离 ( 出离欲望 ) forsaking, giving up the world 4 pabba 智慧 ( 闻. 思. 修慧 )wisdom 5 viriya 精进 ( 英雄本色 viranam bhavo) effort 6 khanti 忍辱 patience 7 sacca 真实 ( 不妄语 ) true 8 adhitthana 决意 ( 不动摇己意 )determination, resolution 9 metta 慈 ( 增益众生安乐 )loving-kindness 10 upekkha 舍 ( 平等心 旁观 ) equanity, indifference tisso sikkha 三学 three training sila-sikkha 戒学 training of virtuous samadhi 定学 training of concentration pabba-sikkha 慧学 training of wisdom ariya-atthavgika magga 圣八正道 noble eightfold path sammaditthi 正见 right view, sammasavkappa 正思惟 right thought, sammavaca 正语 right speech sammakammanta 正业 right action samma-ajiva 正命 right livelihood 35

sammavayama 正精进 right effort sammasati 正念 right mindfulness, sammasamadhi 正定 right concentration jati 生 birth jara 老 ageing gilana 病 sickness marana 死 death samsara 轮回 round of rebirths nirodha-samapatti 灭尽定 attainment of cessation 三颠倒 three vipallasa (hallucination, delusion, erroneous observation) sabba-vipallasa 想颠倒 delusion of perception (1) 以无常为常 it perceives impermanence as permanence. (2) 以不净为净 Impurity as purity (3) 以不好为好 ill as good (4) 以无我为我 no-soul as soul. citta-vipallasa 心颠倒 delusion of thought ditthi-vipallassa 见颠倒 delusion of views three mabbana 三思惟 ( 思量 ) [fantasy,imagination,feigning to oneself that one is what one is not] 1. tanha-mabbana 渴爱思惟 fantasy by lust [ desire of the senses ] 2. mana-mabbana 慢思惟 fantasy by conceit. 3. ditthi-mabbana 邪见思惟 fantasy by error [in beliefs ] two abhinivesa 二执持 [ strong belief set in the mind as stone pillars] 1. tanhabhinivesa 渴爱执持 firm belief induced by lust. 2. ditthibhinivesa 渴爱执持 firm belief induced by error. two bhumi 二地 [stages, where all creatures find their footing, generate and grow] puthujjana-bhumi 凡夫地 ordinary being, with ditthi-vipallassa[erroneous view ] ariya-bhumi 圣地 noble one, knows right view, right apprehension and right understanding. 二谛 two truth sammuti-sacca 世俗谛 conventional or relative truth paramattha-sacca 胜义谛 ultimate truth. the opposite to delusion. ti-bana 三慧 three knowledge 1.sutamaya-bana 闻所成慧 knowledge aquired by learning. 2. cintamaya-banan 思所成慧 knowledge aquired by reasoning. 36

3.bhavanamaya-bana 修所成慧 knowledge aquired by contemplation. 三遍知 three paribba [ profound knowledge.] 1. bata paribba 知遍知 [autological knowledge] 由于名色分别智与缘摄受智, 能够清楚 明显及正确知道作为观禅目标的诸法, 此二者亦名为 知遍知 2. tirana paribba 审察遍知 ( 度遍知 )[analytical knowledge] 思惟智 和 生灭随观智 的作用是审察与辨明一切名色法及其诸因的无常 苦与无我三相 此二智亦被称为 审察遍知 3. pahana paribba 断遍知 [dispelling knowledge] 从 坏灭随观智 (bhavga bana) 开始的观智, 只看到一切名色法及其诸因的坏灭, 和这些法的无常 苦与无我三相 由于应断的烦恼于此暂时受到观智断除, 所以它们亦名为 断遍知 37