Ling 1989 perceive produce / tactile aids hearing aids cochlear implants cued speech The Oral Approach / / (Audiotry Training/Learning) Erber 1982 1960 1971 Clarke School for the Deaf (Clarke School for the Deaf 1971 p.vii) 1
nonverbal sounds (Nevins & chute,1996) ; : ) (Listening skills) (learn to listen and learn by listening) (learn to hear) (Ling,1986; Osberger,1990) Auditory learning (Erber,1982; Sanders,1982) / Erber 1982 (Erber,1976,1980a; Erver & Hirsh,1978) 24 24 2
(Response task) Erber s Stimulus-Response Matrix for Auditory Training.(1982) Detection Discrimination Identification Comprehension (Speech stimulus) Speech Syllables elements Words Phrases Sentences Connected discourse / Erber 1982 Estabrooks 1994 figure-ground ability) Estabrook Brown bear brown bear what do you see? Nancy,2000 Detection 3
<Estabrook > < > : Discrimination Red bird red bird what do you see? red bird quack quack : / (flower flowers) / yellow duck ( yellow duck) Identification/Recognition 4
(Suprasegmentals) ( ) ruff ruff ( ) meow -- ( ) 125Hz 250Hz 325Hz /dog/ /gog/ / /da da dog/ /dog/ (Segmentals) : b/m/h (b m d t h sh s f th etc.) ( ) ; ball apple dinosaur rhinoceros hippopotamus. :cup shoe boat fish house tree dog cat 5
; : The airplane goes up up up. The ball can bounce bounce bounce. ; : The cow says moo.. : Mmm that s good vs. Pick up the flower vs. Brush brush brush your hair. : -- : Can you see the fish? (apple ice cream cone pomegranate) -- ; : Where are the elephants? -- ; :Can you put the flowers on the table. -- Dinosaurs are extinct. ( ) ; : duck boat ball bus big bat frog dog bite bean frog vs. dog ; : bat mat fat rat ; : fan van; bat pat; coat goat. (Comprehension) 6
; : Be careful all gone. : take your coat.. : Close the door and sit down over there. - - : On the table on the big table on the big brown table Pick up the fish sheep and horse Give I the baby a drink put her over your shoulder and burp see a. her. ; Draw a line under the last word circle the word in the middle and put a triangle around something you eat. Make the cow jump over the fence and move on to make the animal that gives us milk walk around a building used for storing corn. I Spy (I spy something that is gray has fins swin in the ocean and it s very dangerous.) 7
( ) Brown bear brown bear Figure Ground 5-6 feet / Erber : 8
the remediation expansion strategy adaptive communication Edwards,1991 Erber 1982 specificity rigidity direction adaptive communication National conversational Moderately Structured Practice on specific Approach Approach tasks : - : ( / ) 9
: / : (open-ended) ; simmon(1968 1971) experience chart-story : / Erber Estabrook / 10
< > (Response task) Speech stimulus ( ) Speech Syllables Words Phrases Sentences Connected elements discourse Diration ( ) Rate ( ) (Pitch) (Intensity) (Stress) ( ) ( ) ( ) Reference Norman P. Erber (1982): Auditory Training. AG Bell association for the deaf Washington D.C.20007-2778 Peter V. Paul Ph.D.(2001) : Language and Deafness Third Edition Warren Estabrooks (1998): Cochlear implants for kids. AG Bell association for the deaf Washington D.C. 20007. Arthur Boothroyd (1988) : Hearing impairments in young children. AG Bell association for the deaf Washington D.C. 20007. Nancy Caleffe-Schenck: Literature for listening and learning. The Listener 2000. Raymond H. Hull (1997) : Aural Rehabilitation Third Edition. Singular Publishing. 11
Carole E.Johnson : Enhancing the conversational skills of children with hearing impairment. Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools. Vol.28.0161-1461/97/2802-0137. 12