: Ξ :,, : 20,, 1996, (),,,2000, ( ), ( ) 1, 40 60, 4,,,,, 2004 7 1,,, 2,,,, Ξ 1 :< ( ) > (2002 8 23 ) 2,,,,, 2004 7 23 3
2005 2 (),, 3,,, 4,, ;,,,, 5,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (privilege), (rights),,, 20 20 50 6,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,, 7,,,, 8 :,, ;, 3, :, 4, 2003 (Licensing Act 2003) 1 1, 5,,,,, 6,:,1992 7, 8 Reich Charles 4 2003,6 ;:,2003,30, A. Reich, The New Property, 73 The Yale L. J. 733 ( 1964)
: ;, 9,,, 10,,1989 11,1999 6,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ), 8,,,,,,,,,,,, 11 :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, () 9 (tradable allowance),,, :, :, 1990 ;OECD, Putting Markets to Work : The Design and Use of Marketable Permits and Obliga2 tions (1997) 10, ( ) :,, 1994,108,,,, 11,, 9,,,,, ( ),,,,,, < ( ) > ; (),: < > :, 2004 21 5
2005 2,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 12,,,,,, 13, () 12, 12 14,,, 15 12, 13,,,,, 6, 13,,,,,,, 13,, 12Stephen Breyer, Regulation and its Reform, chapter 1 (1982). 13,, 14 : () ; (), 15 13 : () 6, ; () ; () ; () ; () ; (), ; (), ; () ; () ; ( ) ; ( ) ; () ; () 14,13, : (), ; () ; (), ; () ; () ; ()
:, 16,, 13, ( ),,2004,,,,,,, (),,,,,,,,,, 17,,,,,,,, : 1.,, 10,, 6 (11 ), (,,,,,, ),, 2., 19,,,,,, 18 3., 16,,,,:, 2000 1 17Stigler, G. The Theory of Economic Regulation, 3 Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science ( 1971). 18,:, 7
2005 2, 19,,, 20,,,,13,,,,,,, (),,,,,, 7 ( ),,,,,,,, (),,,,,,, : 1. 5,,,;,,, 5,,,, 2., 24,,,,, 3. 30,, 19, 65 4147 8, 3948, 68 3605 (1806, 1799 1314, 485 ) :,,2003,367
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2005 2 (),,,,,,,,, 1.,, 5,58,,,,,,,,,,,, 2.,, 59,,, ;,, 3., 27,,,, 63,,,, 4.,,,,, 4 6,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (),,,,,, 10
:,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1.,,,,,, ;,,, 1,,,,,, 15,,,,, 1,,, ;,,,,,, 20,,,, 21,, 2.,,,, 20,,8 10,,,,,,,, 21,:, 4,2002,3 11
2005 2,,:, 16,,, 21,,,13,,,,,, 25,,,26 2,,,,,, 2004 7 1,,,,: (),,,,,, 22,,,,,,,,,, 23 (), 22, No. 7892 (2000). 23,, 26, 12, ::,,2004,1 75, Simeon Djankov, Rafael La Porta, Florencio Lopez - de - Silanes, Andrei Shleifer, The Regulation of Entry, NBER Working Paper,,,,
:,, 24,,,( 9000 6000, ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 25,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (),,, 26,, 27,, 24, ( ), OECD, From Red Tape to Smart Tape : Ad2 ministrative Simplification in OECD Countries, 34 (2003). 25,,,,,, 26, OECD, From Red Tape to Smart Tape, 32. 27, (window dressing), OECD, From Red Tape to Smart Tape, 38. 13
2005 2, 28,,,, 29,,,,,,,,,,,,, 30, ;,;,,,,,, ;,, (),,,, ;,,,,,, : 1., 31,,,, 32,,, 28,2004 6 30, GMP, 29, 30,, 31 32 ( ) :< ( ) > (2002 14,1800,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 8 23 )
: 33,,,,,,, 34 35, 36,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,,,,, 37,,, ( ), 38, 33,,,,,, 17,: () ; () ; () 342004,412 500, 63, 485 35,, 36, 37 ([ 2001 ]2 ) 3,,,, ;,, ;,,,;,, 38 < ( ) >,,,,,,,,,,, 15
2005 2,, 39,,,,,, 40, 12,4 6,,,,,, 3.,,,,,,,,,,,, 41,,,,, 42,,,,,,, 39,,, ( ) 40,:5,, ( ) >, 3,,265 41,,, 42,1998 (COSA),, 16,,,,,,,, <,, 13,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,??,,, 1998 (ASA),, 1998,(ORR), 1980 (OIRA), 2000 3 (COFEMER),,(1997,), ( )
:,, ( ),,,,,,, :,,,,,,;,,,, 43,,,,,,,,,, 4., 44,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,() ;, ( 43,OMB,,, 44,::, :(2003) ;Robert W. Hahn, Reviving Regularoty Reform : A Global Perspective, Chapter 2 (2000). 17
2005 2 ) ;,,( ),,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 5., 12 53 :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( 3 G),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 45,3 G 45 :, : 13,69 18
:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 46,,,,,, 47,,, 48,,,,,,,,,, (,,, 49 ),,,,, 50 ( ),,,, 51,,, 52,,,,,,,, 46,,,,,, F., :,1999,9,:, : 16,15 47,,,,, 4812 (),( ),,, 49, George R. G. Clarke, Katrina Kosec, and Scott Wallsten, Has Private Participation in Water and Sewerage Improved Coverage? Empirical Evidence from Latin America (AEI - Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies, Working Paper 04-02, 2004). 50 ( ), ( ), OECD, Price Cap for Telecommunications : Policies and Experiences (1995). 51,2002 (43 ), 52,,,,, 19
2005 2 53,,,,,,,,, 6.,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,,, 54 ( ),,,,,,,,,,, 55 58,,, ( ),, 12 () 56 (),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 15 2,,, 53,,, ),, 54 :, 55, 56, 20,,( 2002,58
:,,,9,,,,,,,,,,,, (),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 57,,,,,,,,,,,,, 58,, 59 57OECD, From Red Tape to Smart Tape, 43. 58, Colin Kirkpatrick, Regulatory Impact Assessment in Developing Countries : Research Issues (CRC Working Paper No. 5, 2001). 59,,,, OECD, From Red Tape to Smart Tape, 65 ; OECD, BusinessesView on Red Tape : Administrative and Regulatory Burdens on Small and Medium - Sized Enterprises, 13 (2001) ; Robert W Hahn and Robert E Litan, Counting Regulatory Benefits and Costs : Lessons for the U. S. and Europe (2004). 21
2005 2 (),,,,,, ( ),,,, 2004 7 1, 26 ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,7 1,, 412,,,7 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,, (13,),,,,; 412,412,, (),,,,,,,,, 22
:,,,,,,,,,,, 60,,,,,,,,,,, 61,,,,,( ),,,, 62,,,,,, 63,( ),,,,, 10,,,,,,, (),,,,,,8,,,,,,,,, ;,,, 60 :, : 15,6 61OECD, Relationship Between Regulators and Competition Authorities, (1999). 62,W. Kip Viscusi (ed. ), Regulation Through Litigation (2002). 63,Mary Graham, Democracy by Disclosure : the Rise of Technopopulism, (2002). 23
2005 2,,,,,,12 13,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 64,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Abstract : Administ rative License Law embodied many advanced concept s or principles such as concept s of rights, open government, etc. Since coming into force, the law has been encountered with such prob2 lems as the limitation of the legislation mode of administrative license, the resistance from the groups with vested interest, etc. All these problems constitute serious challenges to the advanced concepts or principles. Key words : Administ rative License Law, administ rative approval reform, concept innovations, practical challenges 64 :, 2001 12 7 24