2004 5,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,, ; 2,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,, (license), (freedom, liberty),,, 3,,,,,, (privilege) 4,,,,,( ) (opera2 tive facts) 5,,, 1 Walter

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1 Ξ :,,,, :,,??, 19 20,,20 70, 1989,,,,, 1996,,,,,,: Ξ 25

2 2004 5,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,, ; 2,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,, (license), (freedom, liberty),,, 3,,,,,, (privilege) 4,,,,,( ) (opera2 tive facts) 5,,, 1 Walter Gellhorn, Individual Freedom and Governmental Rest raints,p. 3, Greenwood Press,1968 2,:, ;,;; ;, 3 Webster s Dictionary, license, 2 nd ed., The World Publishing Company, Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld, Fundamental Legal Conceptions as A pplied in J udicial Reasoning and Other ssags, p. 42, Yale U2 5,p ;;,( ) ;, niversity Press, 1923.

3 6,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,, 7,,,,,,, 8,,,,, (franchise),, :( ),,,, 9,, ;,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,, (license),,, ;,,,,,,,,,, 6 4,p Kevin Gray &Susan Francis Gray, L and L aw, 2 nd ed., p Butterworths :,2000,

4 2004 5,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,( 1964 The Licensing Act ) 2, :,,,,,:,,,, :,,,,, ( ) : ( ) ( ) :,, ( ),,,, (),, 28

5 10,Black s Law Dictionary : (),,,,,,, 11,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;, (),,,,, : 1.,,,,,,, ;,,,,;,( ),,,,,,,,, 2. 10, Eckstrom s Licensing in Foreign and Domestic Operations section (3), at 1-10 to 1-11 (David M. Epstein ed. 1998), Black s L aw Dictionary, seventh edition, franchise,west Group,

6 (1),,,,:;;,,,,, 12,,,,,,,,,,,,,12 3,,,,,,, (2),,,,,,,,,?,, ;,,,??,,,,,,, 13,,,,,,,,, (),,,,, () ;, 12 Milton Friedman, Capitalism & Freedom, The University of Chicago Press, 1962, pp :,2003,4 30

7 ,,,,,,,,,,, (),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,?,,:??,? (),?,,,, :?,,,,,, (),,,,,, 2004,,,,,, ( ),?,,,,,, 31

8 2004 5,:,,( ) : ( ),, ;,;,,,,,,, , ;,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, (),,?,,,,, ( Salus populi est suprema lex),,, 14,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,?!?,,,,, 14George Fredrick Wharton, Legal M axi ms, 3rd ed. 32 C., p. 177., London,Law Times Office, Windsor House, Bream s Buildings, E.

9 ?,,,,,,,,,,,,!,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,, 15? 12,,,??,,19,,, 20,, 4,,,,,,,11,,,,??,,,,,,,,,, 16?,,,,,, 15 []:,,2000,132 16Walter Gellhorn, Individual Freedom and Governmental Rest raints,p. 110, Greenwood Press,

10 2004 5,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?? 17?,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,?!,,,, : (),,, 11,,,,, (governance) ,,, 17 12,pp :, :,

11 , 19,,,,,;,,,,,,, Abstract : Other than the normally adopted perspective of the efficiency of resources allocation, the au2 thor, by resorting to the legal analytical methodology, approaches the substance of administrative license f rom t he perspective of individual f reedom and explicates t he legal nat ure of license in private law and ad2 minist rative license in public law in terms of operative fact s. So t he administ rative license should be de2 fined as the operative facts creating individual freedom and property rights through the administrative process. The rationalit y and limit of administ rative licensing power lie where t he balance of individual freedom and public interest exists. However, the author fully realizes the uncertainty of the concept of public interest and thesheep skinuse of it, therefore the pursuit of substantive rationality of gover2 nance is unreliable, and more weight should be given to the construction of procedural institutions and the protection of procedural right s. Key words : administ rative license, individual f reedom, public interest 19The Federalist Papers, No. 68 : Hamilton, Bantam Classic edition, 1982, p

(),, 3,,, 4,, ;,,,, 5,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (privilege), (rights),,, ,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,, 7,,,, 8 :,, ;, 3, :, 4, 2003 (Licensing Act 2003) 1

: Ξ :,, : 20,, 1996, (),,,2000, ( ), ( ) 1, 40 60, 4,,,,, 2004 7 1,,, 2,,,, Ξ 1 :< ( ) > (2002 8 23 ) 2,,,,, 2004 7 23 3 2005 2 (),, 3,,, 4,, ;,,,, 5,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (privilege), (rights),,, 20 20 50 6,,,,,,