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2011 27 1 IEP???? 1
2011 28 Developmental Delay 82 86 1999 1994 1994 1997 2001 L. P. Ullmann & L. Krasner Case Studies in Behavior Modification shaping 1997 2006 attention 2006
2011 29 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 Alberto&Troutman,1995;Webber&Scheuermann,1991 Vinson1999 24 24 2003 Receptive language Expressive language 2001 Bloom1978 form content usage
2011 30 1991 Palmer & Yantis1990 2000 3050 2 23 5 45 1 1991 2001 2 2004 --
2011 31 2003 shared reading developmentally appropriate 2005 1 2 2007 2000 Winter1995 2004
2011 32 115 24
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2011 34 3 4 5 U pangcah kaku. mada pangcah 2007
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2011 36 21 32 43 54 1. 2. 2003
2011 37 2010 994 996
2011 38 1. documents 1. 2. 3.
2011 39 2. archival records 2010 3. interviews focused 4. participant observation LeCompte1993 2000 LeCompte1993 Patton1995-2000
2011 LeCompte1993 99 4 99 6 30 40 12 1-12 1 2 3 4 5 1. 40
2011 41 2. 1 2 1 2
2011 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 / 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 2 42
2011 1 2 4 2 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 5 3 4 6 2 3 7 1 3 8 2 3 9 1 2 10 2 3 11 1 3 12 3 4 13 3 4 14 2 3 15 3 4 16 2 3 17 3 4 43
2011 44 990423 990426 990517 990601 990603
2011 45 990525 990603 990610 990617 1.
2011 46 9904 2. 990603
2011 47 990603 0424 0525 4-3 990424 4-4
2011 48 990525 990624
2011 49
2011 50 1994 1997-2001 2004 272 2005 2001 2000Patton, M. Q. 1995. 2000 2010 1999 2004 2006 2003 1997 2000 2006 2003 2000 2003 NSC 91-2413-H-152-005 2007 1991 2001
2011 Alberto, P. A., & Troutman, A. C. (1995). Applied behavior analysis for teachers (4 th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice Hall. Palmer, J. M., & Yantis, P. A. (1990). Survey of communication disorders. Baltimore: Williams& Wilkins. Vinson, B. P. (1999). Language disorders across the lifespan: An introduction. SanDiego, CA: Singular. Winter, R. (1995). Learning from experience: Principles and practice in actionresearch. London:Falmer. Webber, J., & Scheuermann, B. (1991). Managing behavior problems: Accentuate the positive and eliminate negative. Teaching Exceptional Children, 24(1), 13-19. 51
2011 52 24 100 10
2011 1996 1989 1988 Hurlock1975 1996 Erickson, 1963Asher & Gottman, 1981Schneider et al., 1989Maccoby, 1992 Feldman, R. & Masalha, S., 2010 1991 Pavri & Luftig, 2000 1989 1989 1990 1993 1996 Levine Elzey1969 California Preschool Social Competence ScaleCPSCS 1989 1999 Bredekamp & Copple, 1997; Rushton, 2001-53 -
2011 Vygotsky sociocultural theory Kantor, Elgas, & Fernie, 1993; Rose-Krasnor, 1997 2002 social competence 1992 Gottman, Gonso, & Schuler, 1976Oden & Asher, 1977Putallaz, & Gottman, 1981Asher, 1983 Guralnick, 1990 Katz & McClellan, 1997 1989 Putallaz Gottman1981Asher1983Dodge 1983 1 relevance 2 responsiveness 3 time benefit Asher, 1983 1989 Levine Elzey1969 California Preschool Social Competence ScaleCPSCS 1996 Dodge1983 1990 1997-54 -
2011 Greenspan Dodge Oppenheimer, 1989Dodge1983 problematic task unconscious influence processing of social information behavior displayed evaluation by others Dodge Dodge, McClaskey, & Feldman, 1985 Oppenheimer, 1989 Sullivan, 1953Hartup, 1964 GottmanGonso Schuler1976Oden Asher1977 Levine Elzey1969 California Preschool Social Competence ScaleCPSCS Levine Elzey 1989 1990 1993 1996 1996 Dodge1983 2008 1995 1 2-55 -
2011-56 - 3 4 2006 1999 1996 1993 1989 24 1. 8 2. 6 3. 5 4. 5 Likert 1 2 3 4 5 13 2009 1000 787 787 78.7% 787
2011.50 Cronbach's a 24 Kaiser eigen value 1 Oblimin.60 4 20 4 8.583.097.22 3.59 73.4% 8 0.62 0.83 3 0.61 1.73 5 0.66 0.89 4 0.72 0.81 Cronbach's Alpha 0.80 0.93-57 -
Cronbach's Alpha 8 3 5 4 10. 0.80-0.16 0.13-0.02 11. 0.78-0.22 0.11-0.12 12. 0.72-0.24 0.13-0.20 13. 0.62-0.06 0.12-0.19 17. 0.80 0.22-0.04-0.02 18. 0.75 0.26 0.08 0.11 19. 0.83 0.02-0.05-0.02 20. 0.80 0.26-0.03 0.04 14. - 0.03 0.73 0.13-0.13 15. 0.16 0.68-0.01-0.26 16. 0.24 0.61 0.20-0.05 1. 0.18-0.07 0.66-0.11 2. 0.07-0.03 0.75-0.16 3. - 0.04 0.00 0.84-0.15 4. - 0.04 0.13 0.89 0.17 5. 0.09 0.01 0.83-0.03 6. - 0.01-0.04 0.22-0.76 7. 0.13-0.05 0.06-0.77 8. - 0.02 0.36 0.01-0.72 9. 0.08 0.12-0.06-0.81 8.58 3.09 7.22 3.59 73.4% Cronbach's Alpha 0.93 0.80 0.91 0.88 N=787-58 -
2011-59 - 50 3.47 56.5 3.61 56.4 3.61 64 3.83 3.87 64 51.6 3.56 65.2 3.84 57.9 3.69 47.5 3.48 69.8 3.88 68.3 3.84
2011-60 - 59.4 3.69 54.8 3.55 59.7 3.67 45.9 3.41 47.5 3.40 77.4 4.01 80.3 4.13 75.9 4.04 77.9 4.10
2.2 4.8 27.8 37.1 28.1 3.84 0.96 4. 2.7 15.1 36.3 30.4 15.5 3.41 1.01 1.0 4.6 18.6 40.8 35.1 4.04 0.90-61 - 10. 5.6 15.2 29.2 26.2 23.8 3.47 1.20 11. 5.5 15.0 23.0 26.0 30.5 3.61 1.22 12. 3.9 12.3 27.3 31.6 24.8 3.61 1.10 13. 1.4 7.0 27.6 35.4 28.6 3.83 0.97 17. 1.4 5.6 29.0 32.5 31.5 3.87 0.97 18. 2.4 10.7 35.3 31.3 20.3 3.56 1.01 19. 20. 1.4 9.3 31.5 34.6 23.3 3.69 0.97 15. 1.4 5.7 23.1 42.7 27.1 3.88 0.92 14. 2.2 12.5 37.9 30.6 16.9 3.48 0.98 N=787 16. 1.0 6.7 24.0 43.5 24.8 3.84 0.91 1. 1.4 9.7 29.6 37.0 22.4 3.69 0.97 2. 2.8 12.8 29.6 35.7 19.1 3.55 1.03 3. 2.7 9.9 27.7 36.7 23.0 3.67 1.02 5. 4.6 15.5 32.4 30.7 16.8 3.40 1.08 6. 0.6 4.4 17.5 47.8 29.6 4.01 0.84 7. 0 4.2 15.5 43.2 37.1 4.13 0.82 8. 9. 0.8 3.8 17.5 40.3 37.6 4.10 0.87
2011 24 1.60 50 4 20 8.583.097.22 3.59 0.80 0.93 73.4%.60 4050 1989 Vygotsky Kantor, Elgas, & Fernie, 1993; Rose-Krasnor, 1997 1. - 62 -
2011 2. 3. - 63 -
2011 1992 1995 1990 361-109 2008 214351-377 2006 217-42 1996 445-68 1991 2009 2010 6 http://www.ece.moe.edu.tw/index_home.asp 1999 NSC 88-2413-H-030-018 1996 9 181-211 1997 15307-329 1990 37195-210 1989 2 209-277 2002 NSC90-2413-H-003-005 1988 116 6-7 1993 2623-51 Asher, S. R. (1983). Social competence and peer status: Recent advances and future directions. Child Development, 54(6), 1427-1434. Bredekamp, S. & Copple, C. (Eds.) (1997). Developmentally appropriate practice in early childhood programs. Washington, D.C.: NAEYC. Dodge, K. A. (1983). Behavioral antecedents of peer social status. Child Development, 54, 1386-1399. - 64 -
2011 Dodge, K. A., McClaskey, C. L., & Feldman, E. (1985). A situational approach to the assessment of social competence in children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 53, 344 353. Feldman, R. & Masalha, S. (2010). Parent child and triadic antecedents of children s social competence: Cultural specificity, shared process. Developmental Psychology, 46(2), 455 467. Gottman, J. M., Gonso, J., & Schuler, P. (1976). Teaching social skills to isolated children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 4, 179-197. Guralnick, M. J. (1990). Social competence and early intervention. Journal of Early Intervention, 14(1), 3-14. Hartup, W. W. (1964). Friendship status and the effectiveness of peers as reinforcing agents. Journal of experimental child psychology, 1, 154-162. Kantor, R., Elgas, P. M., & Fernie, D. E. (1993). Cultural knowledge and social competence within a preschool peer cultural group. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 8(3), 125-147. Katz, L. G., & McClellan, D. E. (1997). Fostering children s social competence: The teacher s role. Washington, DC: NAEYC. Levine, S., Elzey, F.F., & Lewis, M. (1969). California Preschool Social Competency Scale. CA: Consulting Psychologists Press. Oden, S., & Asher, S. R. (1977). Coaching children in social skills for friendship making. Child Development, 48, 495-506. Oppenheimer, L. (1989). The nature of social action: Social competence versus social conformism. In B.H. Schneider, G. Attili, J. Nadel, & R.P. Weissberg (Eds.), Social competence in developmental perspective (pp. 41-69). Netherlands: Kluwer Academic. Pavri, S. & Luftig, R. L. (2000). The social face of inclusive education: Are students with learning disabilities really included in the classroom? Preventing School Failure, 45(1), 8-14. Putallaz, M. & Gottman, J. M. (1981). An interactional model of children's entry in to peer groups. Child Development, 52(3), 986-994. Rose-Krasnor, L. (1997). The nature of social competence: A theoretical review. Social Development, 6(1), 111-135. Rushton, S. P. (2001). Applying brain research to create developmentally appropriate learning environments. Young Children, 56(5), 76-82. Sullivan, H. S. (1953). The interpersonal theory of psychiatry. New York: W. W. Norton. - 65 -
2011 66 2008 407 342 84.03 1 2 3
2011 Missall, McConnell,&Cadigian, 2006 2005 http://tw.nextmedia.com/applenews/article/art_id/33340494/issueid/20110424 2011 2011 2007 2006a 67
2011 68 (Erikson) psychosocial developmental theory psychosocial theory development crisis 1989 Watson 1989 2002a ; Pan & Qin, 2007 Maslow 1989 2002a2002b ; Chiu & Chen, 2005 1989Atienza, Collins, & King, 2001 --- 2003 2007
2011 1998ParWilsonLee2004 2007 2007; Park et al., 2004 2006 Burnout Herbert1974 MelendexGuzman1983 2005 2006a 2006b; Curtis, 2000; Taylor, 1999Curtis2000Taylor1999) 2006 2006b 2002a 2002bChiu & Chen, 2005) (Chiu & Chen, 2005 Agarwal & Ramaswami, 1993) ( 1996Agarwal & Ramaswami, 1993; Curtis, 2000; Taylor, 69
2011 70 1999) ( 1996Curtis, 2000 ; Taylor, 1999 ) 2004 BrewerMcMahan2003)
2011 71 2008 123 510 407 342 84.03 56. 13 1 5 1 1
2011 80.60.69~.8 1. -.28 -.02.26 -.03 -.01.80 2..35 -.05 -.12.01 -.14.63 3..24.09 -.22 -.04 -.07.75 4. -.03 -.01.01 -.03 -.89.06 5. -.02.02.01.02 -.95 -.07 6..01 -.02 -.05 -.93 -.03 -.09 7. -.00.02.05 -.90.03.10 8..08 -.03.86 -.05 -.07 -.01 9..21.05.81.03 -.01.03 10..80 -.01.22 -.05 -.05 -.02 11..84 -.02.14 -.04 -.03.04 12. -.03.92.02 -.08 -.04.02 13..01.91 -.01 -.08.03 -.02 Eigenvalue 2.38 1.72 2.02 1.95 2.57 2.19 80.60 Cronbach Alpha.845.814.811.821.805.691 1 2 oblimin 5 1 () 5 1 1 8 72
2011 1. 2. 12 14 16 3. 4. 5.6 6. 1 7. 8. 1 8 9. 1 1 4 12 2 4 1 1 64.89.71~.84 73
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2011 95 2.0 n=342 1. 5.6 22.0 21.2 51.2 100 3.18 0.96 2. 16.8 27.9 19.5 35.8 100 2.74 1.12 3. 28.9 34.0 16.9 20.2 100 2.28 1.09 13. 1.9 6.9 56.9 34.3 100 3.24 0.66 4. 38.2 43.3 13.2 5.3 100 1.86 0.84 5. 47.6 39.8 10.0 2.6 100 1.68 0.76 6. 45.2 45.2 6.8 2.8 100 1.67 0.72 7. 53.7 36.8 7.8 1.8 100 1.58 0.71 9. 90.7 5.8 3.0 0.5 100 1.13 0.46 10. 80.8 14.9 3.3 1.0 100 1.24 0.56 11. 78.2 18.7 2.0 1.0 100 1.26 0.54 12. 74.0 21.7 1.8 2.6 100 1.33 0.64 Baron Kenny(1986) 4 p <.05 -.36 -.32 R 2.31.38 p <.05 75
2011 76 R 2.34.37 p <.05 R 2.26.30
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2011 79 1. 2.
2011 80 2004 42105-132 2003 5269-90 2006a 482183-202 2006b 2067-89 2007 384375-396 2007 2644-6 2011 49 2011 4 24 http://tw.nextmedia.com/applenews/article/art_id/33340494/issueid/201 10424 1996 NSC84-2413-H004-017 1989 2005
2011 1998 21171-210 2002a 2(1) 155-197 2002b 25149-177 201150 2011 4 http://tw.nextmedia.com/applenews/article/art_id/33340494/issueid/201 10424 2005 51 159-195 2006 3947-63 Agarwal, S., & Ramaswami, S. N. (1993). Affective organizational commitment of salespeople: An expanded model. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 13(2), 49-70. Atienza, A. A., Collins, R., & King, C. A. (2001).The mediating effects of situational control on social support and mood following a stressor: A prospective study of dementia caregivers in their natural envioronments. The Journals of Gerontology, 56(3), 129-139. Brewer, E. W., & McMahan, J. (2003). Job stress and bumout among industria1 and technical teacher educators. Journal of Vocational Education Research, 28(2), 125-140. Chiu, S. F., & Chen, H. L. (2005). Relationship between job characteristics and organizational citizenship behavior: The mediational role of job satisfaction. Social Behavior and Personality, 33(6), 523-540. Curtis, A. J. (2000). Health Psychology. Boston: Routledge. Melendex, W. A., & De Guzman, R. M. (1983). Burnout: The new academic disease. ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Reports, N0. 9., WashingtoN, D. C.: Association for the Study of Higher Education. Missall, K. N., McConnell, S. R., Cadigian, K. (2006). Early literacy development: Skill growth and relations between classroom variables for preschool children. Journal of Early Intervention, 29(1), 1 21. Pan, X., & Qin, Q. (2007). An analysis of the relation between secondary school. Education and Society, 40(5), 65-77. Park, K. O., Wilson, M. G., & Lee, M. S. (2004). Effects of Social Support at Work on Depression and Organizational Productivity. American Journal of Health Behavior, 28(5), 444-455. Tay1or, S. E. (1999). Health Psychology. Boston: McGraw-Hill. 81
2011 1,256 1 2 82
2011 83 2006 2004 2006 2009 2009 2004 2006 2008Chiu & Chen, 2005; Koys, 2003 2004 2006 2008 Jsakyte & Lee, 2009
2011 84 performance 2004 Byars & Rue, 1994 efficiency effectiveness efficacy 2004 2000Schermerhorn(1999) 2000 1995Turnley, Bolino, Lester, & Bloodgood, 2003 2004 2006 Equity Theory Adams 1963 2004
2011 organizational commitment Porter, Steers, Mowday, & Boulian, 1974; Steers, 1977 2004Meyer, Allen, & Smith, 1982 Porter et al., 1974 2007 2004Porter et al., 1974; Quinones, Ford, & Teachout, 1995 Turnley 2003 2005 Jsakyte Lee2009 job satisfaction Price, 1972 2007 2007 2007 2006Robbins, 2001 (Black & Gregersen, 1997) ( ---) (Heskett, Johns, Loveman, Sasser, & Schlesinger, 1994; Tax & Brown, 1998) 85
2011 86 Robbins(2001) 2006) --- ( 2004Quinones, Ford, & Teachout, 1995 (Gold, 2001) ( 2006 2007 Turnley, et al., 2002) 2006 (2009) ( 2007Turnley et al., 2002)
2011 87 2006 25,710 (target population) 60 1,306 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
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2011 1..75.15.07.08 2..83.06.11.04 3..85 -.14 -.06.00 4..86 -.02.02.05 5..74 -.15.04.06 6. -.35.50 -.15.08 7..06 -.87 -.08.08 8. -.01 -.88 -.04.14 9. -.01 -.64.37 -.10 10..08 -.22.72 -.05 11..12 -.09.79 -.01 12..14 -.06.72.07 13..16 -.00.78 -.02 14. -.06.02 -.87.05 15. -.04.12.88.10 16. -.03.05.83.14 17. -.03 -.02.78.14 18..09 -.03 -.04.88 19..14.02 -.04.87 20. -.01 -.05.10.84 21..05 -.08.43.45 22. -.03 -.07.22.72 Eigenvalue 1.32 1.97 12.72.95 77.04 Cronbach Alpha.915.874.807.933 1 2 oblimin 90
2011 91 1..12 -.04.85 2..21 -.11.86 3.-.21.37.65 4.-.06.53.48 5..07.85.01 6..00.74.22 7..18.86 -.13 8..23.77 -.06 9..76.21 -.01 10..76.09.19 11..54.29.23 Eigenvalue.67 6.53 1.24 76.70 Cronbach Alpha.859.910.808 1 2 oblimin 71.4 68.8 62.8 2.3 60.5 53.7 67.9 70.4 42.3 41.5 38.4 51.2 2.7
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2011 96 4. 1 p.05 R 2.095 2 2 1 R 2.095.440 5 1 2
2011 b b b b b b -.69 -.05-1.56 -.13 -.59 -.06 -.45 -.11 -.82 -.06-1.26 -.11 -.23 -.01 -.91 -.06 -.18 -.01 -.31 -.06-1.04 -.06 -.69 -.05 -.31 -.01-1.37 -.07 -.63 -.04 -.14 -.02-1.02 -.05-1.04 -.06 ( ) 1.15.09.50.35.41.05.29.08.77.07.72.08 ( ) (.21.01.25.02 1.00.03.90.03 ---) 1.41.04-1.13 -.04 -.10 -.01 -.44 -.07 -.16 -.03 -.03 -.01.00.00 -.21 -.03.63.28.37.21.34.24.07.11.48.25.88.52.08.11.07.11.01.02.02.08 -.03 -.04 -.07 -.12-1.00 -.07-1.42 -.12 -.34 -.04 -.27 -.07 -.62 -.05 -.11 -.01.35.03 -.32 -.03 -.15 -.02 -.03 -.01.13.01 -.14 -.01 ( ).99.08.09.01.13.02.35.10.49.04.14.02 ( ) -.10 -.01 -.02 -.00 -.25 -.03.08.03.13.01 -.51 -.06 2540 16.27 16.46 13.38 24.67 14.98 R 2.108.073.053.044.048.203 p.05 p.01 p.001 97
2011 98 1. 2. 1995 2004 2007 3(1)81-98 2006 6(1)47-74
2011 2009 1219-258 2005 245-64 2000 2007 52145-174 2007 SEM 51 177-194 2008 15(3)233-247 2004 49 141-62 2004 5 343-57 Black, J. S., & Gregersen, H. B. (1997).Participative decision-making: an integration of multiple dimensions. Human Relations, 50(7), 859-878. Byars, L. L, & Rue, L. W. (1994). Human resource management. Burr Ridge: IRWIN. Chiu, S. F., & Chen, H. L. (2005). Relationship between job characteristics and organizational citizenship behavior: The mediational role of job satisfaction. Social Behavior and Personality, 33(6), 523-540. Gold, Y. (2001). Burnout: A major problem for the teaching profession. Education, 104(3), 271-275. Heskett, J. L., Johns, T. O., Loveman, G. W., Sasser, W. E., & Schlesinger, L. A. (1994). Putting the service-profit chain to work. Harvard Business Review, 1(72), 164-172. Jsakyte, K., & Lee, M. (2009). Organizational commitment of social workers: An exploratory study. Administration in Social Work, 33(3), 227-241. Koys, D. J. (2003). How the achievement of human-resources goals drives restaurant performance. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 44(1), 17-24. Meyer, J. P., Allen, N. J., & Smith, C. A. (1982). Commitment to organizations and occupations: Extension and test of a three-component conceptualization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(4), 538-551. Porter, L. W., Steers, R. M., Mowday, R. T., & Boulian, P. V. (1974). Organizational commitment, job satisfaction and turnover among psychiatric technicians. Journal of Applied Psychology, 59(5), 603-609. Price, J. H. (1972). Handbook of organization measurement. Lexington, D. C.: Health and Company. Quinones, M. A., Ford, J. K., & Teachout, M. S. (1995 ). The relationship between work experience and job performance: A conceptual and meta-analytical review. Personnel 99
2011 Psychology, 48, 887-910. Robbins, S. P. (2001). Orgainzational behavior: Concepts, controversies, and applications, 8 th ed. NY: Prentice Hall Inc. Steers, R. M. (1977). Antecedents and outcome of organization commitment. Administrative Science Quarterly, 22, 46-56. Tax, S. S., & Brown, S. W. (1998). Recovery and learning from service failure. Sloan Management Review, 40(1), 75-88. Turnley, W. H., Bolino, M. C., Lester, S. W., & Bloodgood, J. M. (2003). The impact of psychology contract fulfillment on the performance of in-role and organizational citizenship behaviors. Journal of Management, 29, 187-206. 100
2011 101 Taiwan Education Panel Survey, TEPS latent growth model, LGM :
2011 Educational Attainment Teachman Educational Resources Teachman Teachman, 1987 2005 2004 2005 2007 2008Dumais, 2002Khattab, 2002; Lareau, 2002 Bierman, Torres, Domitrovich, Welsh, & Gest, 2009; Campbell, Ramey, Pungello, Sparling, & Miller-Johnson, 2002; Dearing & McCartney, 2009; Duncan, Yeung, Brooks-Gunn, & Smith, 1998 Caspi, Wright, Moffitt, & Silva, 1998; Feinstein & Bynner, 2004 Head Start Early Head Start Garces, Thomas, & Currie, 2002; Hammer, Farkas, & Maczuga, 2010 ; Lee, Brooks-Gunn, & Schnur, 1988) 2004 2008 2010 102
2011 Matthew effectsbast & Reitsma, 1997 2001 2007 Taiwan Education Panel Survey TEPS latent growth modeling, LGM TEPS IRT-3P LGM AMOS 17.0 maximum likehood, ML Hair 1998 Hu Bentler1995 MarshBalla McDonald(1988) 2009 103
2011 104 likelihood-ratio 2 χ Normed 2 χ CFITLIIFISRMR RMSEA 1 1 1 E1 1 E2 1 E3 1 E4 1 L2 0 L1 1 1 1 1 1 E1 1 E2 1 E3 1 E4 1 L2 0 L1 1 1 Z4 Z5 1 1 Z1 1 Z2 1 Z3 1
2011 Taiwan Education Panel Survey, TEPS IRT-3P 2806 Listwise Pairwise 2009 EM 1 EM 2806 TEPS 1 3 5 1 W3p406 3 2030 40 1 5 W3p407 3 W3p412 1 2010 2010 TEPS 1157 SPSS EM 2009 105
2011 106 W3p415 W3p430 Likert 4 1 W1s553a W1s554a 1. 2. 9 12.91 83.01 LGM W1a113p W2a113p W3a113p W4a113p TEPS IRT-3P 2010 IRT-3P 8 50 17.44 98.19 50.0057.8663.97 64.25 10 3.0 10.0 1.00
2011 ( 7 ) 50.00 8.00 17.44 73.93 ( 9 ) 57.86 10.18 25.08 8547 ( 11 ) 63.97 11.19 30.25 94.26 ( 12 ) 64.25 12.81 30.19 98.19 LGM 0 1 0 1 L1 L2 2 χ 2 =465.712df=6 χ 2 /df=77.613 3.00 2 LGM TEPS 107
2011 CFI=.951TLI=.951 IFI=.951 SRMR=.033RMSEA=.165 RMSEA CFI=.997TLI=.995 IFI=.997 SRMR=.007RMSEA=.054 50.00 14.35.00.57.97 1.00 R 2.89.79.87.74.50 TEPS.28 0, 7.26 0, 21.34 0, 16.91 0, 39.89 E1 E2 E3 E4 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1.00 1.00 1.00 50.00, 56.85 1.00.00.55.97 1.00 14.35, 34.07 12.30 E1 E2 E3 E4.89.79.87.74.94.75.66.60.00.32.50.47.28 108
2011 0, 9.58 0, 20.29 0, 17.95 0, 39.73 E1 E2 E3 E4 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1.00 38.86.07 1.00 1.00 1.00 0, 34.46 1 Z4 2.80.55.00 0, 28.80 7.96 1 Z5.97 3.26.02.32.23 9.44 1.25 1.00.90.04.01 0,.92 Z3 1-1.38 2.73, 1.55.08.29.67 5.11 24.28, 172.99 6.64 2.90, 2.33.00.07 2.41 0,.37 1 Z2.10.08.01.41 1.44 1 Z1 0, 1.15 109
2011 110.37.08.85.92.80.74.86.74.45 E1 E2 E3 E4.47.00.30.65.59 Z4 Z5.25.34.09.08.14.05.07.24.44.48.14.13.10.10.06.05.11.14.31.33.35.16 Z1 Z2 Z3.16.18.04 2 χ =96.32df=21p=.000 2 χ /df=4.59 CFI=.994 TLI=.988IFI=.994 SRMR=.011RMSEA=.036 ß=.13 ß=.06 ß=.04 ß=.05 ß=.24.44 ß=.14.16
2011 111 2 R.37.08 Caspi et al., 1998; Feinstein & Bynner, 2004 2002
2011 112 5 99100 5 Early Head Start Early Head Start 0-5 TEPS
2011 2009 AMOS 2004-152 23-58 2010 2005 TEPS 52 1-47 2007 534 107-144 2008 81 45-88 2002 2005 51 77-118 2008 5 2010/12/12 http://www.edu.tw/files/list/b0039/ -7 970331-.pdf 2010 5 2010/12/12 http://www.ece.moe.edu.tw/5.html 2010 Bast, J., & Reitsma, P.(1997). Matthew effects in reading: A comparison of latent growth curve models and simplex models with structured means. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 32(2), 135-167. Bierman, K. L., Torres, M. M., Domitrovich, C. E., Welsh, J. A., & Gest, S. D.(2009). Behavioral and cognitive readiness for school: Cross-domain associations for children attending Head Start. Social Development, 18(2), 305-323. Campbell, F. A., Ramey, C. T., Pungello, E. P., Sparling, J., & Miller-Johnson, S.(2002). Early childhood education: Young adult outcomes form the Abecedarian Project. Applied Developmental Science, 6, 42-57. Caspi, A., Wright, B. R. E., Moffitt, T. E., & Silva, P. A.(1998). Early failure in the labor market: Childhood and adolescent predictors of unemployment in the transition to adulthood. American Sociological Review, 63, 424-451. Dearing, E., & McCartney, K.(2009). Does higher quality early child care promote low-income children s math and reading achievement in middle childhood. Child Development, 80(5), 1329-1349. Dumais, S. A.(2002). Cultural capital, gender, and school success: The role of habits. Sociology of Education, 75, 44-68. 113
2011 Duncan, G. J., Yeung, W. J., Brooks-Gunn, J., & Smith, J.R.(1998). How much does childhood poverty affect the life chances of children. American Sociological Review, 63, 406-423. Feinstein, L., & Bynner, J.(2004). The importance of cognitive development in middle childhood for adult socioeconomic status, mental health, and problem behavior. Child Development, 75, 1329-1339. Garces, E., Thomas, D., & Currie, J.(2002). Longer term effects of Head Start. American Economic Review, 92, 999-1012. Hair, J.F., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L., & Black, W.C.(1998). Multivariate data analysis(5 th ed). Prentice Hall International: UK. Hammer, C.S., Farkas, G., & Maczuga, S. (2010). The language and literacy development of Head Start children: A study Using the family and child experiences survey database. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 41, 70-83. Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P.M.(1995). Evaluating model fit. In R. H. Hoyle(ed.) Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues and applications(pp.76-99). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Khattab, N.(2002).Social capital, students perceptions and educational aspirations among Palestinian students in Israel. Research in Education, 68, 77-88. Lareau, A.(2002). Invisible inequality: Social class and child reading in black families and white families. American Sociological Review, 67, 747-776. Lee, V., Brooks-Gunn, J., & Schnur, E.(1988). Does Head Start work? A 1-year follow-up comparison of disadvantage children attending Head Start, no preschool, and other preschool programs. Developmental Psychology, 24, 210-222. Marsh, H.W., Balla, J. R., & McDonald, R. P.(1988). Goodness-of-fit indexes in confirmatory factor analysis: The effect of sample size. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 391-410. Teachman, D.J.1987.Family background,education resources,and educational attainment. American Sociological Review, 52, 548-557. 114
2011 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1. 1 2..31** 1 3..35**.33** 1 4..31**.33**.58** 1 5..22**.20**.19**.24** 1 6..15**.16**.12**.19**.24** 1 7..17**.24**.16**.22**.35**.48** 1 8..17**.26**.16**.23**.38**.48**.79** 1 9..13**.21**.14**.21**.32**.43**.75**.81** 1 10..13**.21**.13**.22**.33**.41**.70**.77**.81** 1 2.73 24.28 2.90 3.26 2.97 0.00 50.00 57.86 63.97 64.25 1.25 13.15 1.53 1.32 0.63 1.00 8.00 10.18 11.19 12.81 ** p <.01 115
2011 ( ) 2008 327 116
2011 ( 2010) ( 1984 1988) ( 2003) ( 2003) ( 1991) (Triandis,1995) ( 2003) (continuance commitment) (normal commitment) (affective commitment) (value commitment)( ) (stay commitment)( 2010) Katz(1964) (Smith, Organ, & Near, 1983) (Organ,1988) 117
2011 ( 2003) Smith (1983)Organ(1988) (altruism) (benefit organization) (social exchange theory) ( )(leader-member exchange) (Silverstein, Conroy, Giarrusso, & Bengtson., 2002) ( ) (Blau, 1964) (Sparrowe & Liden, 1997) (lower-quality exchange) (higher-guality exchange) (out-group) (in-group) (Deluga,1994Linden & Graen,1980) (Graen & Scandura, 1987) (trust) (liking) ( 2009) ( 2008) (Individual orientation) (Social orientation) Tansey, Michael, Hyman, & Lyndon. (1994) Chew Putti(1995) (attributes) (factors) ( ) ( 2010Chiu & Chen, 2005; Iwanicki, 1983; Sneed & Herman, 1990) (Huang & Hsiao, 2007) (Chiu & Chen, 2005) 118
2011 119 (2010) ( ) ( 2010) (Deluga,1994) (2010) (2006) 16 (2010) 16 5 6-15 (2009) (1998) Allen Meyer(1993) Richers(1985) (2010) (2007) ( 2009) 0-5 6-15 16 2004 2008 参
2011 2008 407 ( ) 327 80.34% SPSS16.0 () ( ) 1. (05= 615= 16 = ) 2. 3. 4. (=0 =9 12 14 16 =18 ) 5. 6. 7. 6() 8. () 1. 7 ( ) 51 ( ) 69.02%.527.944.50 69.02% 50% Cronbach's Alpha.767.854.60 ( ) 1..527 -.353 2..848 -.029 3..912.133 4..641 -.061 5..184 -.730 6. -.030 -.908 7.-.076 -.944 69.02% Cronbach's Alpha.767.854 2. 31 ( ) 51 9 ( ) 120
2011 63.04% 74.29%.600.950.50 63.04%74.29% 50% Cronbach's Alpha.696.879.60 ( ) () 15 1 86.67%56.77% oblimin 3.574.957.50 86.67%56.77% 50% Cronbach's Alpha.782.855.60 ( ) 121
2011 1..600.070 -.003 2..761 -.055 -.017 3..825.145.031 4..696 -.140.033 5..619 -.192 -.010 6. -.056.017.937 7..049 -.022.901 8. -.118 -.842.030 9. -.073 -.850 -.044 10..148 -.740.041 11..202 -.673.029 12..763 -.084 -.035.201.060 -.049 13..755 -.071 -.021.020.034.097 14..772 -.009.146 -.106 -.073.168 15..743.107 -.113 -.021 -.072 -.141 16..006 -.062 -.028.894 -.035.000 17..035.090.080.915 -.010.061 18. ( ).166.124 -.635.039.115.245 19. -.021 -.057 -.929 -.016 -.052 -.013 20. -.042 -.005 -.902 -.038 -.136 -.034 21..024.082 -.124.139 -.710 -.104 22..016 -.030 -.015 -.069 -.921.081 23..006.009.039.006 -.898.029. 24..047 -.049 -.239.082.022.675 25. -.084 -.156 -.064.162 -.016.789 26. -.104.114.084.077 -.039.793 27. -.039.794.038 -.025 -.120.091 28. -.009.950 -.024.043.046 -.061 29. -.001.926 -.018.009.016 -.033 63.04% 74.29% Cronbach's Alpha.763.808.821.767.879.824.809.833.696 122
2011 1. -.066.957 2..088.883 3..953 -.041 4..909.053 5..574.059 6..759 -.031 7..736 -.138 8..757 -.074 9..707 -.011 10..769 -.020 11..769 -.100 12..062.743 13..108.678 14. -.051.824 15. -.041.804 86.67% 56.77% Cronbach's Alpha.855.830.853.782 SPSS16.0 BaronKenny(1986) (1) (2) (3) (4) (less) 3.70 3.74 1. 123
2011 (1) 2 R Square.04.14 (1) (2) (1) (β.139.197.115.169) (2).059.463 124 1. 22.6 55.2 21.4.7 0 4.00 2. 30.3 49.4 19.4 1.0 0 4.09 3. 11.9 29.9 33.8 21.3 3.0 3.26 4. 15.7 34.8 31.0 17.0 1.5 3.46 5. 17.4 40.7 31.0 9.7 1.2 3.63 6. 18.1 55.3 25.6 1.0 0 3.91 7. 15.4 50.4 32.0 2.2 0 3.79 8. 12.2 53.3 31.3 3.0.2 3.74 9. 12.5 46.6 32.7 6.7 1.5 3.62 10. 14.4 43.1 33.9 8.2.5 3.63 11. 16.0 42.2 38.3 3.5 0 3.71 12. 10.2 40.8 40.3 8.7 0 3.52 13. 27.2 46.9 24.9 1.0 0 4.00 14. 10.9 51.9 35.1 2.2 0 3.71 15. 19.0 55.3 24.9.7 0 3.93
2011 2. (1) (2) (1) (β.212.225) (1) (2) (1) (β.181.218.149.137) 2.107.362 (1) (2) (3) (4) (less) 1. 2. 3. 4. 125
2011 ( ) *p<.05 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 B β B Β B β B β B β B β B β B Β.056.027.035.017.296*.139*.247*.115*.452*.212*.471*.225*.380*.181*.314*.149*.109.038.176.059.576*.197*.524*.169*.400.136.207.069.630*.218*.414*.137* -.015 -.008.101.050 -.246 -.119 -.171 -.083 -.013 -.006.024.012.031.015.087.043.022.034.037.057 -.046 -.070 -.034 -.051.037.056.043.067.001.002 -.007 -.010 ( ) -.022 -.009 -.114 -.045 -.142 -.054 -.175 -.068 -.233 -.090 -.212 -.084 -.127 -.050 -.096 -.038.378*.136*.248.090.343*.120*.112.039.222.078.098.036.152.054 -.045 -.016.000.000 -.046 -.015.021.007 -.116 -.037 -.058 -.020 -.057 -.019.005.002 -.031 -.010.214*.245*.170*.192*.156*.173*.107.117.176*.198*.124.139.108.123.073.082 -.069 -.037 -.104 -.055 -.058 -.030.014.007 -.087 -.045.011.006 -.093 -.049 -.034 -.018 ( ).156.057 -.023 -.008 -.623* -.221* -.583* -.203* -.726* -.259* -.711* -.252* -.284 -.103 -.118 -.042.209.082.102.041 -.411 -.157 -.338 -.131 -.450* -.174* -.342 -.137 -.061 -.024.205.082.264.119.073.032 -.244 -.107 -.403* -.175* -.529* -.235* -.523* -.233* -.149 -.067 -.070 -.031.022.036 -.040 -.060 -.065 -.102 -.135* -.201* -.155* -.242* -.181* -.274*.041.065.054.081 -.054 -.054.254*.248*.130.129.002.002 (-).024.023.006.005.059.057.159*.154*.163*.164*.288*.282*.241*.240*.261*.258* (-) -.042 -.042 -.161* -.155* -.087 -.085 -.091 -.089 -.163* -.165* -.160* -.157*.042.043 -.015 -.015.106.106.098.095.178*.178*.169*.168*.066.065.009.009 -.011 -.011.003.003 (-) -.130* -.128* -.073 -.070.006.006.068.066.091.091.167*.161*.077.076.123*.121* (-).093.090.158*.150*.026.025.113.110.047.047.006.006 -.032 -.032 -.046 -.046.037.032.028.024.116.100.066.057.070.061 -.008 -.007.007.006.120.105 -.848-1.11.902.955 -.057 -.472 -.384 -.695 R 2.043.141.059.463.079.314.107.362 126
2011 (-) (-) (-) (-) B β B β B Β B β B β B β B β B β B β B β B β B β B β ( ).014.007 -.110 -.054 -.191 -.090 -.079 -.038.005.003.411*.196*.028.014 -.067 -.032.222.107.042.020.274.132 -.048 -.026.326*.180* -.059 -.020 -.020 -.007.006.002 -.378 -.130.477*.162*.625*.214* -.002.000 -.063 -.022.569*.197* -.117 -.041.572*.197*.131.051.414*.166*.138.068.154.078 -.128 -.063.324*.162*.145.072 -.039 -.019 -.041 -.021.063.032 -.011 -.006.095.048 -.002 -.001 -.040 -.023 -.229 -.131.029.046.029.047.002.003 -.010 -.016.083.129.004.006.029.046 -.025 -.039.012.019 -.007 -.012.021.033 -.028 -.049.094*.167* ( ).003.001 -.030 -.012 -.004 -.002.093.037 -.082 -.032.116.046.364*.146* -.184 -.073 -.136 -.055.072.029.034.013.099.044 -.129 -.058.257.092.132.049.186.065 -.137 -.049 -.145 -.052.056.020 -.151 -.055.091.033.006.002.244.089.340.121 -.085 -.035.082.034.243.086 -.171 -.062 -.080 -.028 -.238 -.085 -.103 -.037.045.015 -.061 -.021 -.137 -.047.094.033.145.051.401*.138* -.008 -.003.147.059.049.057.084.099.110.122 -.110 -.125 -.033 -.037 -.014 -.016 -.009 -.010 -.084 -.097.000.001 -.060 -.069 -.064 -.073.044.057.160*.210* -.152 -.081 -.084 -.046 -.318* -.167*.022.012 -.109 -.058.077.041.203.109 -.061 -.033 -.069 -.037 -.056 -.030.262*.140* -.037 -.022 -.090 -.055 ( ) -.298 -.107 -.320 -.118 -.370 -.130.168.061 -.650* -.232*.334.122.320.119 -.376 -.139 -.115 -.043 -.368 -.137 -.227 -.083.191.077 -.524* -.218* -.470* -.183* -.634* -.253* -.388 -.151.188.075 -.610* -.239*.563*.224*.025.010 -.426 -.171 -.017 -.007 -.178 -.072 -.068 -.027 -.024 -.011 -.497* -.224* -.191 -.087 -.319 -.149 -.205 -.091 -.027 -.012 -.638* -.287*.515*.228* -.056 -.025 -.391 -.175.062.028.021.009.106.047 -.020 -.010 -.447* -.231* -.016 -.025 -.101 -.166.010.015.042.066 -.185* -.290*.012.019 -.039 -.061.010.015.075.118.078.123 -.079 -.123 -.011 -.020 -.123* -.227* -.347.057.211.072 -.324 -.720 -.468.773 -.539 -.047 -.386 3.87* 2.38* R 2.014.014.041.002.034.056.022.018.030.019.033 -.013.075 *p<.05 127
2011 128 () () 1. 2. (1) (2) (3) (4) () 1. 2. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) ( 2010 2006 2010 2009 1998Allen&Meyer,1993;Richers,1985 (2010)ChiuChen(2005)Huang Hsiao(2007) Chew Putti(1995)
2011 2004 2008 () () 129
2011 2004 559-86 2010 231 1-30 2010 20105-143 2009 29358-80 2006 4652-71 2010 6870-93 2003 19175-209 2003 19 273-337 2009 661-32 2009 821-9 2008 62145-196 1996 1998 9 151-85 2007 212 1-28 2008 191 51-82 Allen, N. J., Meyer, J. P. (1993). Organizational commitment: Evidence of career stage effects. Journal of Business Research, 29, 49-61. Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. New York: Wiley. Chiu, S. F., & Chen, H. L. (2005). Relationship between job characteristics and organizational citizenship behavior: The mediational role of job satisfaction. Social Behavior and Personality, 33(6), 523-540. Chew, I. K. H. & Putti, J. (1995). Relationship on work related values of singaporean and japanese managers in singapore. Human Relations, 48, 1149-1170. Graen, G. B., & Scandura, T. A. (1987). Toward a Psychology of Dyadic Organizing. In Research in Organizational Behavior, edited by Staw B. M. & Cummings L. L., 9, 175-208. Huang, T. C., & Hsiao, W. J. (2007). The causal relationship between job satisfaction and organization commitment. Social Behavior and Personality, 35(9), 1265-1276. Iwanicki, E. F. (1983). Toward understanding and alleviating teacher burnout. Theory Into Practice, 22(1), 27-32. Katz, D. (1964). The motivational basis of organizational behavior. Behavioral Science, 9, 131-146. Meglino, B. M., Ravlin, E. C., Adkins, C. L. (1992). The measurement of work value congruence: A field study comparison. Journal of Management, 18(1), 33-43. Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome. 130
2011 Lexington, MA :Lexington Books. Smith, C. A., Organ, D. W., & Near, J. P. (1983).Organizational citizenship behavior: It s nature and antecedents. Journal of Applied psychology, 68, 653-663. Sneed, J., & Herman, C. M. (1990). Influence of job characteristics and organizational commitment on job satisfaction. Journal of the American Association, 90(8), 1072-1076. Silverstein, M. S., Conroy, H. J., Giarrusso, W. R., & Bengtson.V. L. (2002).Reciprocity in Parent-Child Relations over the Adult Life Course. The Journal of Gerontology 57B(1),3-13. Sparrowe, R., & Liden, R. C. (1997). Process and Structure in Leader-Member Exchange. Academy of management Review. 22(2), 522-557. Triandis, H.C. (1995). Individualism and collectivism. Boulder,CA: Westview Press. Tansey, R., Michael, G. B., Hyman, R. D., & Lyndon, E. Jr. (1994). Personal Moral Philosophies and the Moral Judgments of Salespeople. Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 14(1), 59-75. 131
2011 132
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2011 135 () 2005 / 2006 2007 2002 1998 2008 2009 2008 2007 2006 2006 2007 2008 2007 / / 2001 2005 () 1993 () () Kevin Leman
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2011 35 MilevskySchlechterNetter Falb Polit 1986 () deprivation lack of siblings benefit FalboPolit,1986; 137
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2011 (1998) 100 04 12 : http://www129.tpg.gov.tw/mbas/society/index.html (2010) 100 4 12 : http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/stat/year/y02-04.xls (2010) 100 4 12 : http://www.ris.gov.tw/version96/stpeqr_01.html (2010) 100 4 12 : http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/stat/national/j024.xls (2010)2010 2060 100 04 12 :http://www.cepd.gov.tw/dn.aspx?uid=8966 (2009) (2006)21 99788-94 () (2004)C.White (The Seven Common Sins of Parenting an Only Child) (2002) (2006) (2006) (2006 5 4 ) A13 (2007) (1998) 225-237 (2000) 62011 4 12 http://www.usc.cuhk.edu.hk/wk_wzdetails.aspid=1905 (2005) : 32011 4 12 http://www.usc.cuhk.edu.hk/wk_wzdetails.aspid=4804 (2008) 18 (1994) (2005) (2005) 148
2011 149 (2005) (2009) (2008) (2008) (2009) (2001),, (1999) : 100 4 5 : http://www.qiuy.com/shenghuo/jiankang/cg-jtgm/005.htm (2002) - (1998) (1995) (2008) (2010) (2007) (1986) - 28 (1)7-12 (1993) - 4 (1)79-81 (2007) (2006) - (2005) (2004) (2006) (2010)
2011 (1998) (2007) Dunn, J. (1983). Sibling relationships in early childhood.child Development, 54, 787-811. Frank, C. (2000). Only, not lonely. Parenting,14 (8),148-152. Falbo, T. & Poston, D.L. (1993). The academic, personality, and physical outcome of only children in china. Child Development, 64, 18-35. Falbo, T. (1976). The Advocacy or Avoidance of Only Children. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED165073). Falbo, T. (1977).The only child: a review. Journal of Individual Psychology,33, 47-61. Falbo, T. (1983). The Only Child family in Perspective. Paper presented at the annual convention of the southwesterrn psychological association, 29, San Antonio, TX, April, 21-23. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED236504). Falbo, T. & Polit, D.F. (1986). Quantitative review of the only child literature: research evidence and theory development. Psychological Bulletin, 100 (2), 18-35. Getwirtz,J. L. (1965) The course of infant smiling in in four child-rearing enveronments in Isrel. In B. M. Foss(Ed),Determinants of infant behavior 111.London:Methuen. Hartup, W. W. (1974). Aggression in childhooddevelopmental perspectives. American Psychologist, 29, 336-341. Hartup, W. W., & Moore, S. G. (1990).Early peer relations: Developmental significance and prognostic implications. Early Childhood Research Quarterly,5, 1-17. Kevin, L.(1998).The New Brith Order BookWhy You Are the Way You Are. Revied Edition. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED435450). Poston, D. L. & Falbo, T. (1990). Academic performance and personality traits of chinese children: Onlies versus others. The American Journal of Sociology, 96 (2), 433-451. Roberts, L. C.,& Blanton, P. W. (2001). I always knew mom and dad loved me best: Experiences of only children. The Journal of Individual Psychology,57(2), 125-140. Shant(1983). Social cognition. In J. H. Flavell & E. M. MarkmanEds., Handbook of Child Psychology, Cognitive Development, 4th edition, ( 3), 495-555. New York: Wiley. 150
2011 Smolowe, J. & Lin, W.1985. A rash of Little Emperors. Newsweek, 18, 16. Sandler, L. (2010). The Only Child: Debunking the Myths. Time, 176 (3), 32-40. Milevsky, A., Schlechter, M., Netter, S., & Keehn, D. (2007). Maternal and paternal parenting styles in adolescents: Associations with self-esteem, depression and life-satisfaction. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 16(1), 39-47 151
2011 152
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2011 157 2009 24 2006 1999 2000 2007 http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw 1986 2011 91 91 (secondary data) (primary data) 26 91 6 2-3 2009
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2011 34 16 / 1986 2011 91 5 1986 2011 91 45.1% 37.4% 1986 2011 41 45.1% % % 41 45.1 41 45.1 34 37.4 75 82.5 16 17.5 91 100.0 300 34 37.4% / 16 17.6% 5 6 7 15 16.5% 13 14.3% 10 11.0% 91 2010 19942 89 161
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2011 % % 88 79.3 88 79.3 12 10.8 100 90.1 5 4.5 105 94.6 4 3.6 109 98.2 1 0.9 110 99.1 1 0.9 111 100.0 28 2010 2005 2010 2004 2008 2007 1986 2005 2003 2007 2008 2010 2008 2004 2007 2009 2005 2005 2006 2010 2008 19942008 2004 2004 2007 2010 2006 63 26 41.3% 17 27.0% 15 23.8% 3 % % 3 4.8 3 4.8 26 41.3 29 46.1 17 27.0 46 73.1 15 23.8 61 96.9 2 3.1 63 100.0 3 3 84.9% 3 3 () 163
2011 11 2007 2007 ( ) 2009 2010 2009 2005 2010 ( ) 2009 1995 2008 2007 2005 2005 2008 2006 2007 2010 2010 2009 59.4% 2003 2009 2008 2010 2008 2010 ( ) 164
2011 165 2010 2005 2007 2009 () 2009 2005 2006 2009 2005 2009 2011 2010 2008 2007 2008 2006 2008 2007 2008 2008 2009 2004 () 2011 2008 2007 2007 / 2008 2010 2010
2011 2009 2005 2009 2004 2011 2010 / 2009 2008 2010 2008 2009 2007 2006 2008 2006 2008 2007 34.4% 2009 2003 2008 166
2011 2011 2007 2008 2008 2008 (R=.82) y=0.829x+9.104 2003 2008 2009 2007 2010 2008 41 2010 2010 1991 2011 2007 2006 2010 / 2007 2010 1986 198719881989 1990199219931996 2002 2007 2010 4 60 66.0% 2008 20 22.0% 167
2011 3 84.9% 3 4 5.5% 1 2 1 49.4 2 40.7 90.1 2 41 45.1% 300 34 37.4% 16 17.5% 68 74.7% 15 16.5% 41 45.1% 88 79.3% 12 10.8 90.1% 26 41.3% 168
2011 169 / 2009 2010 2010 2010 2005 2010 2007 2007 2011 2007 2007
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2011 2007 2009 2007 1(1)175-187 2009 2005 2007 2006 2005 2008 2007 2005 2010 2005 2006 2008 2004 2010 2010 ~ 2008 1995 172
2011 2009 2006 2007 2010 1991 2010 2006 2008 2011-1994 2006 2008 2004 2004 2007-2008 2007 2007 2010 2010 2007 173
2011 174 1999 2009 2002 2007 2009 2006 2010 2006 2003 2010 2002 2003 - David Wiesner 7 2009 2009 2008 ~ 2010 2000 2008 2006 (ATDE) 2010
2011 2008 2002 2008 Gay, L. R., Mills, G. E., & Airasian, P. W.(2006). Educational research: Competencies for analysis and applications (8th ed). New Jersey: Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall. Glass, G. V. (1976). Primary, secondary, and meta-analysis of research. Educational Researcher, 5, 3-8. Retrieved April, 12, 2011, from ERIC database (EJ149191) 175
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