12 Kistler Quattro Jump 60 CMJ 30 CJB 10 k=10 1 k=1 19 k=19 6 k=6 1

12 Kistler Quattro Jump 60 CMJ 30 CJB 10 k=10 1 k=1 19 k=19 6 k=6 1

The Effects of Menstrual Cycle on Jumping Performance, Muscular Endurance and Fatigue Index: a Time Series Analysis Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of menstrual cycle on jumping performance, muscular endurance and fatigue index by using multi-variables time series analysis (Cross Correlation Function, CCF), and to explain the time relationship of co-variation under the condition of manipulated variable (body temperature) at no time delay (with lag k=0), or the time relationship of co-variation under the condition of time delay (with lag k 0). Method: 12 female student volunteers served as subjects. The basic body temperature (BBT) at morning was recorded every day for sixty days, and meanwhile Kistler Quattro Jump force plate was used to record the parameters of jump performance, and fatigue index during the subjects performed Counter-movement Jump (CMJ) and 30-second Continues Jump (CJ). The menstrual cycle was divided into three phases. We observed the changes of exercise performance at each difference phase, and used the time series analysis CCF to study dynamic interaction between menstrual cycle and exercise performance, fatigue index, etc. The results showed that the best average jumping performance at the various stages of menstrual cycle was occurred during menstrual phase, and the worst performance during follicular phase. The best average performance of fatigue index at different phase during menstrual cycle was occurred during follicular phase, and the worst performance during menstrual phase. The results of time series analysis revealed that jumping performance was influenced positively by Basal Body Temperature, BBT, after the 10 th day (k=10) of menstrual cycle, and negatively after the first day (k=1). Fatigue index had a positive relationship with BBT after the 19 th day (k=19), and negative relationship after the 6 th day (k=6). Overall, the exercise performance of subjects under the influence of dynamic time series of BBT had obviously positive relationship between the late stage of follicular phase and the early stage of luteal phase in menstrual cycle. This indicates that the exercise performance at this period can be achieved with a better score. Therefore, we can understand from these results that exercise performance for female athletics could be varied in accordance with the dynamic time changes of menstrual cycle. Menstrual cycle affects not only the exercise performance of a specific day, but also the exercise performance of the following days. Keyword: menstrual cycle, time series, jump, endurance, fatigue 2

Mathews & Fox 1987 Hoeger 2001 1988 35.8% Bale 1985 1 8 12-15 21 8 15 1 21 Mathews & Fox 1987 postmenstrual period 15 Davies 1991 Sarwar 1996 Phillips 1996 MVF 1997 8 22 2 11 1997 Cross 3

Correlation FunctionC.C.F. independent variable dependent variable k=0 k0 12 1 1 n yrs cm kg cm 12 23.4 4.31 161.2 2.86 58.3 8.09 85.8 3.60 1. Kistler Quattro Jump Force plate 90cm 60cm 2. Notebook Kistler Quattro Jump 4. TOSHIBA 1 Basal Body Temperature, BBT 2 Kistler Quattro Jump Force plate Countermovement JumpCMJ30 Continue Jump Bent LegsCJB 30. CMJ CMJ Fi CMJ P CMJ H CMJ 30 CJB 30 CJB 5 CJB 5 CJB 30 CJB 30 CJB Fatigue Index hf = 100% 4

Kistler Quattro Jump CMJ CJB SSPS for Windom V10.0 Cross Correlation FunctionCCF k=0 k0 k=1 k=2 k=345 n x 1,y 1 x 2,y 2.x n,y n x y k C ( k ) C xy ( k ) ( ) C ( 0) r xy = k = 0, ± 1, ± 2,.... { C xx 0 yy } xy ( k) 1 n = 1 n n k t= 1 n+ k t= 1 ( x x)( y t t t+ k ( y y)( x t k y), x), Schmitz1989 univariance Bartlett-Test k Variance 1 ( ) ( ) xy ( k) T k m= var r R ( m) R ( ) 5 k = 0,1,2,... k = 0, 1, 2,... x R x R y X(t) Y(t) Auto correlation m TmT T 28 T=28 3=84 t y m

t = r xy ( r ( )) ( k ) / S. E. k xy DasyLab 5.5 X(t) Y(t) k α=.05 5 6 14 15 28 1995 CMJ H CMJ H 25 12 CMJ H 25 CMJ H CMJ H CMJ H (cm) 39 38 37 36 35 34 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 38.7 39 38.4 38.1 37.8 37.5 CMJ H 37.2 36.9 (cm) 36.6 36.3 35.7 36 35.4 35.1 34.8 12 12 CMJ H CMJ H Fatigue Index 11 18 11 18 6

84 83 82 81 80 (%) 79 78 77 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 83.2 82.8 82.4 81.6 82 81.2 80.8 80.4 79.6 80 79.2 78.8 78.4 77.6 78 77.2 76.8 12 12 C.C.F. CMJ H 1 k=1 CMJ H 1 k=1 10 k=10 CMJ H 10 k=10 CMJ H 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.60.2 0.1 0.0-0.1-0.2 0.5-0.2-0.4-0.3-0.4-0.6 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30-0.5 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 12 CMJ H k r 12 k r 6 k=6 6 k=6 19 k=19 19 k=19 CMJ Stretch - Shortening -Cycle SSC 1996 7

CMJ H 12 Davies 1991 Davies 12 CMJ H CMJ H Buhle1981 Bale 1985 8 15 1 21 1988 Dibrezzo 1991 12 k k k CMJ H K=10 K=1 K=19 K=6 12 1 10 6 19 19 8

12 Schlicht1988 1997 C.C.F. 8 22 2 10 k=10 19 k=19 Mathews & Fox 1987 P429-468 1988 P161-171 9

1997 86 P255-271 1995 P60-69 1996 2 P151-179 Hoeger, W. W. K., I Hoeger, S. A. (2001). Principles and Labs For Fitness and Wellness(6 th ed.).englewood, CO: Morton Publishing. P177. Bale, P. & Nelson, G. (1985). The effect of menstruation on performance of swimmers. Austrian Journal of Science Medicine in Sport, 17(1), 19-22. Davies, B. N., Elford, J. C., Jamieson, K. F. (1991). Variations in performance in simple muscle tests at different phases of the menstrual cycle. J Sport Med Phys Fitness, 31(4), 532-7. Sarwar, R., Niclos, B. B., Rutherford, O. M. (1996). Changes in muscle strength, relaxation rate and fatiguability during the human menstrual cycle. J Physiol, 493 ( Pt 1), 267-72. Phillips SK, Sanderson AG, Birch K, Bruce SA, Woledge RC. (1996). Changes in maximal voluntary force of human adductor pollicis muscle during the menstrual cycle. J. Physiol, 496( Pt 2), 51-7. Schmitz, B. (1989). Einfuehrung in die Zeitreihenanalyse. Bern: Verlay Peter Lang. DiBrezzo, R., Fort, I. L., Brown, B. (1991). Relationships among strength, endurance, weight and body fat during three phases of the menstrual cycle. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness, 31(1), 89-94. Buehrle, M. & Schmidtbleicher, D. (1981). Komponenten der Maximal-und Schnellkraft-Versuch einer Neustrukyurierung auf der Basis empirischer Ergebnisse. Sportwissenschaft, 11, 11-27. Schlicht, W. (1988). Einzelfallanalysen in Hochleistuungssport. Zum Verlauf und zur Wirkung selbstbezogener Aufmerk-sankeit in 400m-Hurdenlauf. Schorndorf: Verlay. -- Cross Correlation FunctionC.C.F. 1 2 3 10