/ 2014 / / Abstract Among all available recognized historical data, most of the researches ofinto thetaiwanese indigenous peoples houses areis b

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "/ 2014 / / Abstract Among all available recognized historical data, most of the researches ofinto thetaiwanese indigenous peoples houses areis b"

思霞郭
7 years ago
Views:

1 研究論文千千岩助太郎的臺灣原住民族家屋研究成果 * Chijiwa Suketarou's Research of Chijiwa Suketarou oninto Taiwan Indigenous People s Houses ** Wu Yu-ying 摘要現今因為史料的發掘, 一般以昭和 11 年 (1936) 起千千岩助太郎的研究, 為原住民家屋研究的第一手資料千千岩助太郎的研究影響甚遠, 在當時就已經影響藤島亥治郎及田中大作, 引用其資料寫成臺灣建築史專書尤其是在日本本地進行民家研究的藤島, 更是比千千岩助太郎早先建立了臺灣原住民族平面及架構分類系統的脈絡, 千千岩助太郎則遲至戰後 1962 年, 向九州大學提出博士學位時才建立分類系統千千岩助太郎求學階段就讀於重視實務操作的名古屋工業學校, 因此雖說戰前已完成龐大的調查資料, 但分類架構至戰後才建立戰後, 藤島亥治郎根據千千岩助太郎的調查資料, 先提出一套論述千千岩在 1962 年提出博士學位之時, 就受到這個前人論述以及當時建築學界學術論爭的影響, 因此千千岩所建立的架構, 是以解決日本建築史問題為其目的雖然如此, 其豐富的田野調查一手史料, 對於當代在復原家屋或重新建立臺灣原住民族建築分類架構論述時, 顯得特別彌足珍貴關鍵詞 : 臺灣原住民族家屋研究千千岩助太郎藤島亥治郎分類架構 *2013 **ac.kyoto@gmail.com 2014 / 9 / / 11 / 25 Received Date: 2014 / 9 / 9; Accepted Date: 2014 / 11 / 25 59

2 / 2014 / / Abstract Among all available recognized historical data, most of the researches ofinto thetaiwanese indigenous peoples houses areis based on the information establishedresearch begun by Chijiiwa instarting from 1936, which has since influenced many scholars to come, including Fujisima Gaijirou and Tanaka Daisaku, who adopted Chijiiwa s documentation into their publishing ofpublications on Taiwanese indigenous architecture. However, Fujisima, havingwho conducted numerous studies of folk houses in Japan, actually set upestablished thea frameworks of thefor classifying the plan and structural systems of Taiwanese indigenous houses graphic and structural systems waylong before Chijiiwa did. It wasn t until 1962, more than a decade after the WWII, didthat Chijiiwa proposed these classification systems when presenting his PhD thesis in Kyushu University. Chijiiwa studied in Nagoya iindustrial sschool, which is known for focusing on practical operations. Even though he had accumulated immense information from his investigation before WWII took place, he didn t accomplishestablish his the classification structure until, much later, after the end of WWII. At the end of WWII, Fujisima Gaijirou put forward a series of his theses based on Chijiiwa s fieldwork findings before Chijiiwa himself did. Therefore, when Chijiiwa presented his PhD degree thesis in 1962, many of the points he brought aboutdiscussed were actually influenced by the propositions founded by Fujisima and contemporary debate in many scholars in the architecture sphere. The frameworks created by Chijiiwa were originally aimed inat providing a solution to the disputes ofin the Japanese field of architecture history. Nevertheless, Chijiiwa s first-hand comprehensive information from his fieldwork still serves as a fundamental guideline when it comes toit comes to restoring folk houses or re-establishing the classification structure structure systems of Taiwanese indigenous architecture. Keywords: Studies of Taiwan Indigenous Houses, Chijiiwa Suketarou, Fujisima Gaijirou, Classification Structure 60

3 灣関灣関

4 / 2014 / / 灣関観観

6 / 2014 / / 関

8 / 2014 / / 表 1. 千千岩助太郎之原住民調查與論述發表時間表 Table 1. Timeline: Chijiiwa Suktarou's aboriginal survey and PhD thesis presentation ,774 38,427 66

10 / 2014 / / 說明 : 發表論述 ( 會誌 : 臺灣建築會誌日本 : 日本建築學會相關時報 : 臺灣時報 ), 調查時間, 相關事件資料來源 : 吳昱瑩 (2006) 日據時期臺灣建築會之研究 ( ), 臺北藝術大學建築與古蹟保存研究所碩士論文, 頁 79 角田憲一 (2007) 千千岩助太郎による臺湾原住民住居調査に関する研究, 九州大學建築學研究科博士論文, 頁黃志弘楊詩弘編 (2012) 臺灣高砂族住家調查測繪手稿全集 ( 上 ), 臺北 : 國立臺北科技大學, 頁

11 K Kitchen B Bedroom L Living room 27 S soko

12 / 2014 / / 圖 1. 臺灣原住民族各族平面空間使用示意圖 28 Figure 1. The use of plane space in each Taiwanese tribe. 圖片來源 : 千千岩助太郎第二部, 頁 47 A 29 B m C D C. D. D E

13 F G F. G. F G H 由於高砂族 ( 譯註 : 原文 ) 的族群種或部落之間的文化變遷過程不同, 因此不可能只單靠室內空間的分化而考察評斷其文化或進步的程度灣學

14 / 2014 / / 圖 2. 鄒族的中柱構造 Figure 2. Tsou central pillar structure. 圖片來源 : 千千岩助太郎第二部, 頁 47 圖 3. 布農族的中柱構造 Figure 3. Bunun central pillar structure. 圖片來源 : 千千岩助太郎第二部, 頁

15 圖 4. 泰雅族住家的棟持柱 Figure 4. Atayal House s Munamochi-bashira (literally, ridge-supporting pillar). 圖片來源 : 丸善版, 頁 8 圖 6. 賽夏族的束立構造 Figure 6. Saisiyat strut and bean construction. 圖片來源 : 丸善版, 頁 8 圖 7. 雅美族船屋的叉首構造 Figure 7. The Sasu kouzou (literally, triangular type roof frame structure) of an Ami house. 圖片來源 : 丸善版, 頁 8 圖 5. 唯一神明造的棟持柱 Figure 5. The only god-built Munamochibashira (literally, ridge-supporting pillar). 圖片來源 : 吳昱瑩提供 7 34 雅美族為高砂族中的海洋民族, 語言也與菲律賓巴丹島及巴布煙群島相通, 由此可證這個船屋的叉首構造與南方諸島雅蒲島及塞班島相同這一件事情可以證明這個工法是由這些海洋民族傳入並且此工法也可以見於 ( 日本國內 ) 伊豆白濱地區的船屋或甲州西湖畔的碳燒窯小屋, 可視為是灣

16 / 2014 / / 一種原始性工法 P1 A1 A2 P1 A1A2 A

17 m 雑

18 / 2014 / / 如上述, 布農族雖然分布地區廣泛, 但是其平面形式幾乎沒有變化, 因此要依據地方或各部族來分類相當困難但是在構造材料及生活樣式有若干差異住家的形式應該可以依據構造來探求其移動路徑原本石板葺屋頂換成茅葺的原因, 與抽換前面牆壁的原因相同, 都是由於可取得的材料改變的關係, 因此當地尚可見到少數的石板葺的家屋令人玩味的是屋頂的形狀, 並非是像此地東方或南方以及太麻里社的切妻造屋頂, 而呈現龜甲型屋頂然而, 要斷定是蕃社之間相互交流貿易的影響還是此地由複雜的龜甲型轉變成作工簡易的切妻造, 這並非一件容易的事情

19 表 2. 千千岩分類的臺灣原住民族家屋形式分類表 Table 2. Chijiiwa's Taiwan Indigenous House Classification Table. A1 資料來源 : 本研究整理 A2 A3 A4 S B1 B2 T1 T2 P1-1 P2-2 P3 P4 P P6 M1-1 M2-2 Y 77

20 78 / 2014 / / 59-81

21 編編

22 / 2014 / / 編続灣学學學帰変

23 夘関湾査関 2013 観

124 第十三期 Conflicts in the Takeover of the Land in Taiwan after the Sino-Japanese War A Case in the Change of the Japanese Names of the Taiwanese Peopl

123 戰後初期臺灣土地接收的糾紛以更改日式姓名的臺人遭遇為例 124 第十三期 Conflicts in the Takeover of the Land in Taiwan after the Sino-Japanese War A Case in the Change of the Japanese Names of the Taiwanese People Abstract By Ho Fung-jiao