24 Developing Imagination for Taiwan s Future: The Role That Education Can Play Jason Chihyu Chan * Yu Hua Chen ** Abstract Taiwan is starting an educ

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "24 Developing Imagination for Taiwan s Future: The Role That Education Can Play Jason Chihyu Chan * Yu Hua Chen ** Abstract Taiwan is starting an educ"

黛看丁
7 years ago
Views:

1 發揮想像力共創臺灣未來 - 教育系統能扮演的角色 * 詹志禹 ** 陳玉樺摘要關鍵詞 : * ** jyjan@nccu.edu.tw @nccu.edu.tw

2 24 Developing Imagination for Taiwan s Future: The Role That Education Can Play Jason Chihyu Chan * Yu Hua Chen ** Abstract Taiwan is starting an educational plan to cultivate imagination, creativity and futures thinking. In the process of implementation, five questions are frequently raised by educational practitioners: 1) why imagine the future? 2) what kind of futures do we have? 3) how to imagine, think or create the future? 4) are there any international cases for referral? 5) what are the action plans? This article tries to answer those five questions by conceptual analyses. It attempts to analyze why human beings have an ultimate concern of the future. It is pointed out that, though it is difficult to predict the future, the key issue for educational practice is not making correct prediction but pointing out the problem. As to the methodology of imagining, thinking or creating the future, nine stratigies are proposed because different strategies are suitable for different levels of learners. The nine strategies include creative imagination, conditional thinking, future thinking, systems thinking, future-oriented story-telling, trend forecasting, computer simulation, future-oriented prototype works and future-oriented problem solving. Like many international institutions or projects have done, Taiwan s plan shares similar objectives, draws up seven issues to be infused in curriculum, and implements six action plans from elementary level to lifelong learning. It is expected that, at the end of the plan, successful creativity education can be realized. Keywords: imagination, creatvitiy, futures thinking, education, plan * Jason Chihyu Chan, Professor and Dean, College of Education, National Chengchi University ** Yu Hua Chen, Doctoral Student, Department of Education, National Chengchi University jyjan@nccu.edu.tw; @nccu.edu.tw Manuscript received: March 1, 2011; Modified: May 4, 2011; Accepted: May 23, 2011

3 發揮想像力共創臺灣未來教育系統能扮演的角色 25 壹我們有沒有未來人類的終極關懷 Torrance Phan 2009 future time perspective futures imagination

4 26 貳未來趨勢如何抓對問題比正確預測更重要 Organization of Economic Cooperation amd Development OECD, 2009 The International Futures Program 2030 bioeconomy European Commission, The World in 2025 / OECD

5 發揮想像力共創臺灣未來教育系統能扮演的角色 27 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNESCO UNESCO Web

6 28 futures thinking George Orwell 2001 Aldous Leonard Huxley 2001 參如何思考想像與創造未來 - 多樣的族群需要多元的方式 futurology futures studies Bell 1997 possible probable preferable Dator 1996 /

7 發揮想像力共創臺灣未來教育系統能扮演的角色 29 fantasy Glenberg, Gutierrez, Levin, Japuntich, & Kaschak, 2004 magic Disney,

8 30 systems thinking Peter Senge 1994 chaos theory science of complexity self-organizing theory general system theory detail complexity dynamic complexity The Butterfly Effect 1997

9 發揮想像力共創臺灣未來教育系統能扮演的角色 OECD 2009 futures thinking OECD 2009 short-term thinking desirable New South Wales NSW Technical and Further Education TAFE TAFENSW, 2008 Cascio 2009 asking the question scanning the world mapping the possibilities

10 32 archetype asking the next question thinking it through story telling Aiex, 1988; Cooper, 1989; Land, 2007; Roche & Sadowsky, 2004 Wang & Zhan, 2010 /

11 發揮想像力共創臺灣未來教育系統能扮演的角色 33 1 未來導向之故事敘說著名作品分類舉例 Jules Verne Vingt mille lieues sous les mers Howard, E., etc.: Urban Utopias G. Orwell L. Huxley

12 D MIT, O

13 發揮想像力共創臺灣未來教育系統能扮演的角色 35 Zyga, 2008 O Hernesaari 2012 Helsingin kaupunkisuunnitteluvirasto, 2007 Arkki Arkki-School of Architecture for Children and Youth Arkki / 2026 Living in Brisbane 2026 Brisbane City Council, 2010

14 Design for Change DFC 1. feel 2. imagine 3. do 4. share Riverside, 2009 DFC 肆如何培育想像力創造力與未來思考能力國際案例 Creative Partnership Creativity, Culture and Education CCE CCE Arts Council of England 60 Gunnell & Bright, /

15 發揮想像力共創臺灣未來教育系統能扮演的角色 37 / creative agent MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT Department of Writing and Humanistic Studies 2004 Writing on Contemporary Issues: Imagining the Future 21 media saturation MITopencourseware, Partners in Learning

16 Project Based Learning 2011 Simon Fraser University The Centre for Imaginative Education Imaginative Education Research Group IERG Simon Fraser University, 2011 Somatic Understanding Mythic Understanding Romantic

17 發揮想像力共創臺灣未來教育系統能扮演的角色 39 Understanding Philosophic Understanding Ironic Understanding UNESCO UNESCO, 2006 Education for Sustainable Development ESD futures education

18 40 MIT 伍臺灣如何推動未來想像與創意人才培育計畫 2009

19 發揮想像力共創臺灣未來教育系統能扮演的角色 to empower /

20 42 1

21 發揮想像力共創臺灣未來教育系統能扮演的角色

22 44 2 Spencer,

23 發揮想像力共創臺灣未來教育系統能扮演的角色 45 2 未來想像計畫之七大議題

24 46 3 未來想像計畫七大議題與國民中小學課程領域及國際關心議題的對照 / 3

25 發揮想像力共創臺灣未來教育系統能扮演的角色 47 3E Explore Experience Enjoy

26 48 陸結語 selffulfilling prophecypeter Drucker Victor Hugo Cohen, reorientaion

27 發揮想像力共創臺灣未來教育系統能扮演的角色 49 參考文獻 2009 第八次全國科學技術會議總結報告 tw/pla/tc/8th/formal.asp. Executive Yuan (2009). Final Report of the Eighth National Science and Technology Conference. Retrieved from gov.tw/pla/tc/8th/formal.asp 2009 願景 tw/np.asp?ctnode=14608&mp=100 Research, Development and Evaluation Commission, Executive Yuan (2011). Vision Retrieved from rdec.gov.tw/np.asp?ctnode=14608&mp= 微軟揮灑未來學校藍圖 /content05.asp Song, D. (2011). Microsoft swayed the blueprint of Future School. Retrieved from 美麗新世界 A. Huxley Huxley, A. (2001). Brave New World. (Li, L., & Xue, R. W., Trans.). Taipei: Chih Wen Publishing 超限未來 10 大趨勢 J. Canton Canton, J. (2007). The extreme future: The top trends that will reshape the world for the next 5, 10, and 20 Years. (Du, M., Zhang, L. Q., Zhou, L. Z., & Wu, J. H., Trans.). Taipei: Yuan-Liou 一九八四 G. Orwell Orwell, G. (2001) (S. H. Lin, Trans.). Taipei: Wisdom & Knowledge Publishing 願景 2025 計畫提出十大未來新興產業 Office of Research and Development, NCCU (2010). The Project of Vision 2025 proposed top ten emerging industries. Retrieved from php?news_id= 成長的極限 : 三十週年最新增訂版 D. Meadows, J. Randers, & D. Meadows Meadows, D., Randers, J. & Meadows, D. (2007). The limits to growth the 30-year update. (I. C. Gau, Trans.). Taipei: Faces Publishing.

28 看見變化的樣子 : 影響孩子未來的八堂課 Shi-Fu Education Foundation (2008). See changes in the future: eight classes that influence children s future. Taipei: Commercial Culture 第五項修練 P. M. Senge Senge, P. M. (1994). The fifth discipline. (C. L. Kuo, Trans.). Taipei: Commonwealth Publishing 教育研究 Chan, J. C. (1997). Is your school a learning organization? Journal of Education Research, 56, 全球暖化臺灣發燒 jsp?id=2977 Hsiao, F. Y. (2007). Global warming fever is in Taiwan. Retrieved from 哈佛商業評論 Kanter, R. M. (2009). What Drucker would have said? Harvard Bsiness Review, 39, 1-8. Aiex, N. K. (1988). Storytelling: Its wide-ranging impact in the classroom. Retrieved from ERIC database. (ED299574) Bell, W. (1997). Foundations of futures studies. New Brunswick and London: Transaction Publishers. Brisbane City Council (2010). Living in Brisbane Retrieved from brisbane.qld.gov.au/about-council/council-vision-strategies/living-in-brisbane- 2026/index.htm Cascio, J. (2009). Futures thinking: the basics. Retrieved from fastcompany.com/blog/jamais-cascio/open-future/futures-thinking-basics Cohen, G. D. (2000). The creative age. New York: Harper Collins. Cooper, P. (1989). Using storytelling to teach oral communication competencies K-12. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Speech Communication. Dator, J. (1996). Futures studies as applied knowledge. In R. A. Slaughter (Ed.), New thinking for a new millennium (pp ). London, UK: Routledge Disney (2010). About disney legends. Retrieved from legends/about European Commission (2009). The world in Luxemburg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.

29 發揮想像力共創臺灣未來教育系統能扮演的角色 51 Gunnell, B., & Bright, M. (2011). Make a job, don t take a job: Building the creative society. London, England: NDotM. Glenberg, A. M., Gutierrez, T., Levin, J. R., Japuntich, S., & Kaschak, M. P. (2004). Activity and imagined activity can enhance young children s reading comprehension. Journal of Educational Psychology, 96(3), Helsingin kaupunkisuunnitteluvirasto (2007). Arkkitehtuurikoulu arkin lasten ja nuorten hernesaari suunnitelma. Retrieved from hernesaari/arkki.html Land, K. (2007). Storytelling as therapy: The motives of a counselor. Business Communication Quarterly, 70(3), MIT (2005). Introducing TEAL (Technology-Enabled Active Learning). Retrieved from MITopencourseware (2007). Writing on contemporary issues: Imagining the future. Retrieved, from writing-on-contemporary-issues-imagining-the-future-fall-2007/#features Organization of Economic Cooperation amd Development, OECD. (2009). OECD work on the international futures program. Paris, France: OECD publications. Phan, H. P. (2009). Amalgamation of future time orientation, epistemological beliefs, achievement goals and study strategies: Empirical evidence. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 79(1), Riverside (2009). World s largest Design For Change school challenge. Retrieved from Roche L., & Sadowsky, J. (2004). Stories and storytelling: An example of best practice of leadership in a high-tech environment. Business Leadership Review, 1(3), 1-8. Simon Fraser University (2011). The imaginative education research group. Retrieved from Spencer, C. (2011). Global Issues of The Twenty-first Century and United Nations Challenges. Retrieved from TAFENSW (2008). Futures thinking. Retrieved from resources/futures_thinking.htm Torrance, E. P. (1987). Future career image as a predictor of creative achievement in a 22-year longitudinal study. Psychological Reports, 60, 574.

30 52 UNESCO (2006). Teaching and learning for sustainable future. Retrieved from Wang, S., & Zhan, H. (2010). Enhancing teaching and learning with digital storytelling. International Journal of Information & Communication Technology Education, 6(2), Zyga, L. (2008). Philips designs the light blossom, an intelligent street light concept. Retrieved from 誌謝

i

5 5 12 19 22 37 37 41 46 50 55 61 61 67 70 73 74 85 107 i 2-1.. 19 2-2.. 19 2-3.. 20 2-4.. 31 3-1 41 3-2 46 3-3 50 3-4 54 3-5 59 ii 2-1 7 2-2 15 2-3 30 iii empowerment 2002 1 1999 1998 Association for