國家圖書館典藏電子全文

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2 a ) V6 V

3 Erikson theory of developmental crisis Erikson b Raviv, Bar-Tal, Raviv, Ben-Horin (1996) Hamid2002 3

2002 2001 2002 2002 1995 2002 1993 2001 1993

5 5

6 6

9 self-concept

10 10

12 1995 ( age of storm and stress ) ( 2000)

13 idol 1989 idol admirationworship typical model 1996a Raviv et al., 1996 identification figure( 1989) (model) typical model

14 identification figure hero worship( 1989) idolatry to idolize idolization the worship of idolsexcessive devotion to or admiration of someone or something S. Freud 1996 Bandura (1969) Kagan (1958) ( 1996)Hall (1996) Woodward1997 Frith1996 Raviv (1996) idolization excess 14

15 Cheng (1997) idolatry excess 1979 ( identity )

16 16

17 Kagan 1958 Bandura 1969 Frith 1996 Hall 1996 Raviv et al Woodward 1997 Cheng

18 Freud Oedipus Complex Castration Anxiety Electra Complex Penis Envy a a Bandura Social learning theory

19 a (model) 1994 Bandura1977 Maslow need-hierarchy theory Maslow 2001 Maslow Maslow 19

20 Rosenberg Maslow 1994 Erikson 1950 theory of developmental crisiserikson 1999 Erikson

21 b b Erikson distraction (seeking social support ) 1996

22 self- identity () 22

23 Sebald Romanticism Sex and fetishism sexual tension sublimation ecstasy Fascination with the bizarre and the absurd Identification Heroes as messengers 23

24 significant others Denisoff (1986) fantasy Karniol (2001) Raviv (1996) marginal status Cheng (1997) fan

25 25

26 a 1996b a 1996b

27 CD

30 Nicholas Hamid Hero/Heroine modeling for Puerto Rican adolescents: A preventive mental health intervention 1996 Adolescent idolization of pop singers: Causes, expressions and reliance 1997 Psychological determinants of idolatry in adolescents 1997 A hero with thousand face: An examination of Black and White adolescents heroes and identity formation 2001 Adolescent females idolization of male media stars as a transition into sexuality Malgady, Rogler, Costantino Raviv, Bar-Tal, Ben-Hori n Cheng Freedman -Doan Karniol

31 Cheng, 1997 Freedman-Doan, 1997Karniol, 2001Raviv et al., Malgady et al., Raviv (1996) Freedman-Doan (1997) European-American (African- American) 31

32 b

33 (1987) / 1995 / 1996a

34 b

35 Dortner (1992) Boethius, 1995 Wallage & Kovacheva,

36 b b b

37 1996b Blair & Sanford, bRaviv et al.,

38 b Raviv et al.(1996) b Raviv et al., b Raviv et al.,

39 b Raviv et al., Cheng (1997) Raviv (1996) 2-2-5

40 b 1996 CD Raviv et al. (1996) CD 1996b Raviv et al., b Raviv et al.,

41 1996b David R. Krathwohl, Benjamin S. Bloom Bertram B. Masia

43 (self-concept) James Harter, 1998Roger (1951) Liebert & Liebert, 1997Rosenberg (1979) Byrne (1974) Dusek (1996) 1975 (image)

44 self-system ideas schema

45 (idea) (self-system) Erikson Jennifer and Abraham (1999) 45

46 ( ) Jennifer and Abraham (1999) Savin-Williams & Demo,1984Jennifer and Abraham

47 Brown (1993) Verschuern, Marcoen, and Schoefs (1996) Burnett and Demnar (1995) Cheng,1997Freedman-Doan, Malgady et al.,

48 Cheng Cheng

49 Cheng,1997 Freedman-Doan,

52 Malgady et al Cheng Freedman Doan 52

54 54

56 cluster sampling

57 SPSS

58 SES

60 Raviv

61 critical ration CR 27 t-test t t p

62 3-3-1 **p.05 CR r ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **

63 construct validity factor loading

64 CD / Cronbach a Cronbach a a.92 a.88 a.86 64

65 a.74 a.71 a.70 a Cronbach a Cronbach a

66 2000 Cronbach a item-total correlation

67 67

68 68

69 coding SPSS 10.0 Factor Analysis construct validity (Reliability Analysis) Cronbach a 69

70 t (Independent-Samples t Test) Chi-Square Test One-way ANOVA Scheffe Person product-moment correlation method 70

73 4-1-2 n n

74 n=

75 n=444 n n

76 n=444 n n

77 n=444 n n n

78 n=

79 n=444 n

80 n=444 n n=444 n n n n n

81 M2.75, SD5.53 M2.75, SD 2.10 M2.59, SD5.38 M1.74, SD n

82 4-2-2 t2.066p<.05 t2.031p< t *p< * 2.031* ? p

83 df = ? 2 =26.367*** ***p< ? p

84 4-2-4 df = ? 2 = *** ***p< t2.483p< t *p< *

85 df = ? df = ? 2 =

86 4-2-8 F SS df MS F

87 df= ? df= ? 2 =

88 M3.93, SD11.05 M3.91, SD8.92 M3.59, SD 8.98 M3.49, SD7.20 M3.48, SD n= ) ) )

89 4-3-2 t=-4.117, p<.001 t=4.320p< n M SD t *** > *** > ***p<

90 n M SD t (F=3.200p<.05)

91 4-3-4 SS df MS F * *p< (F=2.921p<.05)

92 4-3-5 SS df MS F * *p< t=-2.150p<.05 t=4.020p<.001 t 92

93 t n M SD * > *** > *p<.05 ***p<

94 **.119* *** ** ***.144** -.141** * -.149** -.164** ** -.142** *** **.184*** -.098*.008 *p<.05 **p<.01 ***p<

95 4-4-1 r.008 r.184 r-.127 r-.098 r.142 r.161 r.119 r.200 r.144 r-.172 r-.141 r-.142 r-.110 r-.149 r-.164 r-.127 r

96 r r r p<

97 a (73.6%) a 97

98 Piaget 98

99 Brasor and Masako (1997) Pullen (2000) 2001

100 38.0 CD ( 2000) F Faber,1992 CD Lemish(1998) 1 100

101

102 Raviv (1996 Balswick Ingoldsby (1982) Larson & Kubey, b 2001 Raviv (

103 Bennett (2002) Raviv 1996 Raviv (1996 Karniol

104 Raviv 1996 Raviv Raviv

105

106 Grubb (1986)White (1986) Freedman-Doan (1997) 106

107

108

109 Bennett

110 Cheng

111 111

112 112

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117 117

118 118

119 119

120 120

121 (2001) :

122 a b

123 Nicholas Hamid :

124

125 (2002)

126 (2002) FANS

127 2001 (2002) (1989:

128 Balswick, J., & Ingoldsby, S. (1982). Heroes and heroines among American adolescents. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 8, Bandura, A. (1969). Principles of behavior modification. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston Inc. Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Bandura, A., & Walters, R. H. (1963). Social learning and personality development. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston Inc. Bennett, C. (2002, January/February). Fan club confession: Teens underestimate influence of celebrity idols. Psychology Today,18. Blair, H. A., & Sanford, K. (1999). TV and zines: Media and the construction of gender for early adolescents. The Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 45(1), Boëthius, U. (1995). Youth, the media and moral panics. In J. Fornäs & G. Bölin (Eds.), Youth culture in late modernity (pp ). London: Sage Publications. Brasor, P., & Masako, T. (1997). Idol chatter: The evolution of J-pop. Japan Quarterly, 44(2), Brown, L. E. C. (1993). A study of the relationships among self-concept, reading attitude and reading comprehension in second grade readers. Dissertation Abstracts International, 31(04), MAI Burnett, P. C., & Demnar, W. (1995). The relationship between closeness to significant others and self-esteem in children. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED404589) 128

129 Byrne, D. (1974). An introduction to personality, research theory and application. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Cheng, S. (1997). Psychological determinants of idolatry in adolescents. Adolescence, 32(127), Denisoff, R. S. (1986). Tarnished gold. New Brunswick, NJ: Tarnished Books. Drotner, K. (1992). Modernity and media panics. In M. Skovmand & K. C. Schroder (Eds.), Media cultures: Reappraising transnational media (pp ). London & New York: Routledge. Dusek, J. B. (1996). Adolescent development and behavior. New York: A Simon & Schuster Company. Faber, R. J. (1992). Money changes everything. American Behavioral Scientist, 35(6), Freedman-Doan, K. (1997). A hero with a thousand faces: An examination of Black and White adolescents heroes and identity formation. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED414040) Frith, S. (1996). Music and identity. In S. Hall & P. du Gay (Eds.), Questions of cultural identity (pp ). London: Sage Publications. Hall, S. (1996). Introduction: Who needs identity. In S. Hall & P. du Gay (Eds.), Questions of cultural identity (pp. 1-17). London: Sage Publications. Harter, S. (1998). The development of self-representations. In W. Damon & N. Eisenberg (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Social, emotion, and personality development (pp ). New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc. 129

130 Jennifer, A. O., & Abraham, S. (1999). Association between self-concept and body weight, gender, and pubertal development among male and female adolescents. Adolescence, 34, Kagan, J. (1958). The concept of identification. Psychological Review, 65(5), Karniol, R. (2001). Adolescent females idolization of male media stars as a transition into sexuality. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 44, Larson, R. (1995). Secrets in the bedroom: Adolescents private use of media. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 24(5), Larson, R., & Kubey, R. (1983). Television and music: Contrasting media in adolescent life. Youth and Society, 15, Lemish, D. (1998). Global culture in practice: A look at children and adolescents in Demark, France and Israel. European Journal of Communication, 13(4), Liebert, R. M., & Liebert, L. L. (1997). Personality strategies and issues (8 th ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Cole Publishing Company. Malgady, R. G., Rogler, L. H., & Costantino, G. (1990). Hero/Heroine modeling for Puerto Rican adolescents: A preventive mental health intervention. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58(4), Pullen, K. (2000). I-love-Xena.com: Creating online fan for communities. In D. Gaauntlett (Ed.), Web. studies: Rewiting media studies for the digital age. London: Arnold. Raviv, A., Bar-Tal, D., Raviv, A., & Ben-Horin, A. (1996). Adolescent idolization of pop singers: Cause, expressions, and reliance. Journal of Youth and Adolescent, 35(5),

131 Rosenberg, M. (1979). Conceiving the self. New York: Basic Books, Inc. Publishers. Savin-Williams, R. C., & Demo, A. H. (1984). Developmental change and stability in adolescent self-concept. Development Psychology, 20, Verschuern, K., Marcoen, A., & Schoefs, P. (1996). The internal working model of the self, attachment, and competence in five-year-old. Child Development, 67, Wallage, C., & Kovacheva, S. (1996). Youth cultures and consumption in Eastern and Western Europe. Youth & Society, 28, Woodward, K. (Ed.). (1997). Identity and difference. London: Sage Publications. 131

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