美學

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1 當代美學第十一講 : ( 二 ) 授課教師 : 國立臺灣大學哲學系楊植勝助理教授本著作除另有註明外, 採取創用 CC 姓名標示 - 非商業性 - 相同方式分享臺灣 3.0 版授權釋出本課程指定教材為 :Herwitz, Daniel. Aesthetics: Key Concepts in Philosophy (Continuum International Publishing Group, 2008) 1

2 什麼是藝術? 1. Arthur Danto, The Transfiguration of the Commonplace (1981) 2. Arthur Danto, What Art is (2013) 3. Stephen Davies, Definitions of Art (1991) But it is a question largely destined to failure. Differences between media preclude any easy answer to this question directly. (p.89) 2

3 什麼是藝術? 什麼是某一種藝術媒介? 也就是, 什麼是建築雕刻繪畫音樂舞蹈戲劇詩 is also a problem perhaps insoluble. (p.89) 1. Media form a complex system. (p.89) Wittgenstein: language game (p.6) Derrida: différence (L'écriture et la différence, 1967) 2. 現代藝術媒介的矛盾困境 3

4 延異 (differance) 是產生差異 (difference) 的源頭, 或是本源的延異 (originary differance) 相對於延異, 同一是理性主義形上學的特徵西方傳統形上學習慣使用二元對立的思考方法, 將事物區別開來, 並且凝固起來, 壓抑時間中的差異變化, 藉以顯出事物的自我同一 Derrida 認為這是理性主義的虛構在延異的差異化活動中, 二元對立中的一項將變為另一項的延異 4

5 現代藝術媒介的矛盾困境 : It was this modern system of the arts, 1. each embroiled in the others, wishing to appear in the guise of the others, each stressing the desire to surpass its limits, each wishing to take on the qualities of the others, 2. but also each anxious about its identity, wishing to clarify it, that gave rise to the central concept of a medium for aesthetics. (p.89) 5

6 黑格爾的藝術媒介概念是為了解釋藝術的歷史性 6

7 黑格爾的媒介論其實已經為同時代較早的 Schiller ( ) 與 Lessing ( ) 提出來討論 7

8 Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Laokoon oder über die Grenzen der Mahlerey und Poesie (Laocoon: An Essay on the Limits of Painting and Poetry),

9 Laocoon 9

10 10

11 Laocoon 11

12 Friedrich Schiller: 1. Ü ber Anmut und Würde (On Grace and Dignity), Ü ber die ästhetische Erziehung des Menschen in einer Reihe von Briefen (On the Aesthetic Education of Man in a series of Letters, 美學教育書簡 ), Ü ber naive und sentimentalische Dichtung (On Naive and Sentimental Poetry),

13 從古代看來,Aristotle 與 Plato 並未有藝術媒介的問題意識 (p.89) 13

14 但是 Aristotle 對悲劇的分析提供了一個研究藝術媒介的模式 Neither foregrounded the concept of a medium in the more modern sense, even though the work Aristotle did in dissecting tragic drama hierarchically (plot and character ) proved a template for the later, modern study of a medium. (p.90) 14

15 現代藝術媒介的矛盾困境 : a central stand of modernism and the avant-gardes make a racket out of pushing art beyond extant norms and limits, probing how far an art can go by pushing it further, and doing so by even more centrally foregrounding the concept of a medium. But artistic experimentation is for the avant-gardes about purity (p.90) 藝術實驗的煉金術 (alchemy) 15

16 John Milton Cage Jr. ( ), 4 33,

17 藝術家是哲學的化學家 (philosophical chemist); 他們的實驗在確保一種藝術形式的本質 17

18 形式主義在前衛藝術裡所扮演的角色 18

19 藝術實驗的結果 : As it happens this is also to return to something mysterious: the ability of such simple building blocks, the stones of architecture and its space, the time, tone, pulse of music, the paint of canvas and frame of painting, to make music and convey absorption. Something more is always at stake than these mere chemical combinations of elements, as if art were at basis chemistry. And by leaving it out from the story, the art looks all the more alchemical, strange, magical. (p.90) 19

20 藝術的 autonomy 不可能維持 (p.90) 20

21 新藝術媒介的出現 Photography film television internet 21

22 每一個新的藝術媒介都有它的因緣 Film was for years misrepresented as a kind of theatre It took some time for film criticism to come to realize silent film s debt to opera 22

23 Indeed how aesthetic theory approaches any art depends on its point of comparison and contrast. (p.91) 例如文學是什麼? 1. 使用文學語言的作品那麼哲學語言與文學語言有什麼不同? 2. 含有情節與角色的作品 (Aristotle) 那麼歷史事件與文學事件有什麼不同? 23

24 This again points to the way the modern arts form a complex system: from various perspectives differences and similarities take on different forms and different aspects of media are highlighted. (p. 92) 24

版權聲明頁碼作品版權標示作者來源 1-31 轉載自 Microsoft Office 2007 PowerPoint 設計主題範本, 本作品依據 Microsoft 服務合約及著作權法第 46 52 65 條合理使用 2 什麼是藝術? 1. Arthur Danto, The Transfiguration of the Commonplace (1981) 2.

25 版權聲明頁碼作品版權標示作者來源 1-31 轉載自 Microsoft Office 2007 PowerPoint 設計主題範本, 本作品依據 Microsoft 服務合約及著作權法第條合理使用 2 什麼是藝術? 1. Arthur Danto, The Transfiguration of the Commonplace (1981) 2. Arthur Danto, What Art is (2013) 3. Stephen Davies, Definitions of Art (1991) But it is a question largely destined to failure. Differences between media preclude any easy answer to this question directly. 3 什麼是藝術? 什麼是某一種藝術媒介? 也就是, 什麼是建築雕刻繪畫音樂舞蹈戲劇詩 is also a problem perhaps insoluble. 1. Media form a complex system. Wittgenstein: language game Derrida: différence (L'écriture et la différence, 1967) 2. 現代藝術媒介的矛盾困境 Aesthetics: Key Concepts in Philosophy, Herwitz, Daniel. (Continuum International Publishing Group, 2008), p.89 Aesthetics: Key Concepts in Philosophy, Herwitz, Daniel. (Continuum International Publishing Group, 2008), p.6,89 25

26 版權聲明頁碼作品版權標示作者來源 4 延異 (differance) 是產生差異 (difference) 的源頭, 或是本源的延異 (originary differance) 相對於延異, 同一是理性主義形上學的特徵西方傳統形上學習慣使用二元對立的思考方法, 將事物區別開來, 並且凝固起來, 壓抑時間中的差異變化, 藉以顯出事物的自我同一 Derrida 認為這是理性主義的虛構在延異的差異化活動中, 二元對立中的一項將變為另一項的延異 5 現代藝術媒介的矛盾困境 : It was this modern system of the arts, 1.each embroiled in the others, wishing to appear in the guise of the others, each stressing the desire to surpass its limits, each wishing to take on the qualities of the others, 2.but also each anxious about its identity, wishing to clarify it, that gave rise to the central concept of a medium for aesthetics. 哲學淺說 : 德里達, 韋漢傑, 人文, 香港人文哲學會,2005, 第 29 頁 Aesthetics: Key Concepts in Philosophy, Herwitz, Daniel. (Continuum International Publishing Group, 2008), p.89 26

版權聲明頁碼作品版權標示作者來源 6 黑格爾的藝術媒介概念是為了解釋藝術的歷史性 Aesthetics: Key Concepts in Philosophy, Herwitz, Daniel. (Continuum International Publishing Group, 2008), p.

27 版權聲明頁碼作品版權標示作者來源 6 黑格爾的藝術媒介概念是為了解釋藝術的歷史性 Aesthetics: Key Concepts in Philosophy, Herwitz, Daniel. (Continuum International Publishing Group, 2008), p.89 7 黑格爾的媒介論其實已經為同時代較早的 Schiller ( ) 與 Lessing ( ) 提出來討論 Aesthetics: Key Concepts in Philosophy, Herwitz, Daniel. (Continuum International Publishing Group, 2008), p.89 9 WIKIMEDIA COMMONS / 作者 :Marie-Lan Nguyen Clementino_Inv jpg, 瀏覽日期 : 本作品為公共財 10 楊植勝攝影, 由所有權人楊植勝授權您如需利用本作品, 需另行向權利人取得授權 11 楊植勝攝影, 由所有權人楊植勝授權您如需利用本作品, 需另行向權利人取得授權 27

28 版權聲明頁碼作品版權標示作者來源 13 從古代看來,Aristotle 與 Plato 並未有藝術媒介的問題意識 Aesthetics: Key Concepts in Philosophy, Herwitz, Daniel. (Continuum International Publishing Group, 2008), p 但是 Aristotle 對悲劇的分析提供了一個研究藝術媒介的模式 Neither foregrounded the concept of a medium in the more modern sense, even though the work Aristotle did in dissecting tragic drama hierarchically (plot and character ) proved a template for the later, modern study of a medium. 15 現代藝術媒介的矛盾困境 : a central stand of modernism and the avant-gardes make a racket out of pushing art beyond extant norms and limits, probing how far an art can go by pushing it further, and doing so by even more centrally foregrounding the concept of a medium. But artistic experimentation is for the avant-gardes about purity 藝術實驗的煉金術 (alchemy) Aesthetics: Key Concepts in Philosophy, Herwitz, Daniel. (Continuum International Publishing Group, 2008), p.90 Aesthetics: Key Concepts in Philosophy, Herwitz, Daniel. (Continuum International Publishing Group, 2008), p.90 28

29 版權聲明頁碼作品版權標示作者來源 17 藝術家是哲學的化學家 (philosophical chemist); 他們的實驗在確保一種藝術形式的本質 Aesthetics: Key Concepts in Philosophy, Herwitz, Daniel. (Continuum International Publishing Group, 2008), p 形式主義在前衛藝術裡所扮演的角色 Aesthetics: Key Concepts in Philosophy, Herwitz, Daniel. (Continuum International Publishing Group, 2008), p 藝術實驗的結果 : As it happens this is also to return to something mysterious: the ability of such simple building blocks, the stones of architecture and its space, the time, tone, pulse of music, the paint of canvas and frame of painting, to make music and convey absorption. Something more is always at stake than these mere chemical combinations of elements, as if art were at basis chemistry. And by leaving it out from the story, the art looks all the more alchemical, strange, magical. Aesthetics: Key Concepts in Philosophy, Herwitz, Daniel. (Continuum International Publishing Group, 2008), p.90 29

30 版權聲明頁碼作品版權標示作者來源 20 藝術的 autonomy 不可能維持 Aesthetics: Key Concepts in Philosophy, Herwitz, Daniel. (Continuum International Publishing Group, 2008), p 新藝術媒介的出現 Photography film television internet Aesthetics: Key Concepts in Philosophy, Herwitz, Daniel. (Continuum International Publishing Group, 2008), p 每一個新的藝術媒介都有它的因緣 Film was for years misrepresented as a kind of theatre It took some time for film criticism to come to realize Silent film s debt to opera Aesthetics: Key Concepts in Philosophy, Herwitz, Daniel. (Continuum International Publishing Group, 2008), p.91 30

31 版權聲明頁碼作品版權標示作者來源 23 Indeed how aesthetic theory approaches any art depends on its point of comparison and contrast. 例如文學是什麼? 使用文學語言的作品那麼哲學語言與文學語言有什麼不同? 含有情節與角色的作品 (Aristotle) 那麼歷史事件與文學事件有什麼不同? 24 This again points to the way the modern arts form a complex system: from various perspectives differences and similarities take on different forms and different aspects of media are highlighted. Aesthetics: Key Concepts in Philosophy, Herwitz, Daniel. (Continuum International Publishing Group, 2008), p.91,92 Aesthetics: Key Concepts in Philosophy, Herwitz, Daniel. (Continuum International Publishing Group, 2008), p.92 31

美學

當代美學第五講 : ( 一 ) 授課教師 : 國立臺灣大學哲學系楊植勝助理教授本著作除另有註明外, 採取創用 CC 姓名標示 - 非商業性 - 相同方式分享臺灣 3.0 版授權釋出本課程指定教材為 :Herwitz, Daniel. Aesthetics: Key Concepts in Philosophy (Continuum International Publishing Group,