theirhusbands,theytendednottoreducetheirhouseworktimeastheirrelative earningsincreased,aphenomenonknownas g enderdisplay. Inotherwords, thewife sbarga

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1 CJS 34 : 2010,,,,,,,,,, : GenderIdeology,Modernization,and Women shousework TimeinChina YUJia Abstract:Usingthedatafrom 2010 ChinaFamilyPanelStudies,thisstudy examinedthedeterminantsof married women shouseworktimein China. Theirtimespentonpaid workandtheirabsoluteearningswerefoundtobe negativelyasociatedwiththeirtimespentondomesticchores.thisstudyalso specificalyexaminedtheimpactofwomen srelativeincomeontheirtimefor housework.theliteratureinthisregardindicatedthat,whenwomenoutearned * : (Author:YUJia,DivisionofSocialScience,The HongKongUniversityofScienceandTechnology ) yujiaruc@gmail.com 2013,, 166

2 theirhusbands,theytendednottoreducetheirhouseworktimeastheirrelative earningsincreased,aphenomenonknownas g enderdisplay. Inotherwords, thewife sbargaining powerforhousework with herrelativeincome was constrainedbythegenderideology. Thisstudyfoundthatthere wereurban-ruralandregionaldifferencesinthe effectofthewife srelativeincomeonherhouseworktime.theresultsindicatedthat increasedrelativeincomecouldhelpurbanmariedwomencontinuouslyreducetheir houseworktime.however,forruralmariedwomen,theeffectofrelativeincome onreducinghouseworktimeislimitedbytheirtransitionalgenderideology, andthe g enderdisplay phenomenonexisted. Linkingthesurveydatatotheprefecture-levelindicatorofmodernization, thisstudyfoundthat,intheruralareas,theeffectofrelativeincomeon housework time varied with the level of modernization. Specialy, the bargainingpowerof wife srelativeincomeinhouseworktime wasstronger whentheruralareasweremoremodernized.incontrast,thebargainingpower wasmorelimitedinruralareaswithlower modernizationlevel,and g ender display wasmorelikelytoexist. Keywords:housework,determinants, g enderideology, modernization,,, 2012, %;2010, 51.1%,,,,, 1/2(Bianchi,etal.,2000;Bianchi,Robinson,and Milkie,2006; Blair and Lichter,1991; Gershuny, 2000; Hook, 2010),, ,

3 (Gershuny, 2000;Hook,2006),, (Becker,1985;BudigandEngland,2001;Noonan, 2001), (Coltrane,2000),,, (,2006;,2003;,2012),, (Wu,2009; WuandTreiman,2007;Xieand Hannum,1996),, 2010, :(1) ;(2),, (Bloodand Wolfe,1960;Coverman,1985;Englandand Farkas,1986;Hiler,1984), (Shelton,1992) ( ), 168

4 (Becker,1991),,,, ;,, (Coverman,1985;Preser,1994),, (trade-off)(greenstein,1996;south and Spitze,1994),,, (doinggender) (WestandZimmerman,1987),,,,,,,,, (BitmanandPixley, 1997) 1, ( ), (Brines,1994;Greenstein,2000), (Bloodand Wolfe,1960;Heer,1963; ManserandBrown,1980;McElroyandHorney, 1981),, 1. :Badget,Lee,PamelaDavidson,and NancyFolbre BreadwinnerDad, HomemakerMom:AnInterdisciplinary AnalysisofChanging Gender Normsinthe United States, DepartmentofEconomics,UniversityofMasachusets,Amherst,MA. Unpublishedmanuscript. 169

5 (Brines,1994),,, (Brines,1994;Greenstein,1996,2000),,,,, (Bitman,etal.,2003),,, ( g enderdisplay ),,, ;,,,,,, (Brines,1994), (Greenstein,2000;Bitman,etal.,2003;Evertsonand Nermo,2004), 170

6 (Gupta,2006,2007;Guptaand Ash,2008;Kilewaldand Gough,2010),,,,,,,, (Gupta,2006, 2007;KilewaldandGough,2010),,,, (Blumberg, 1984),,, (Diefenbach,2002; Fuwa,2004;Knudsenand W mes,2008;lewis,1992;orloff,1993; Pfau-Effinger,2005;Ruppanner,2008;Sainsbury, 1996),,,, ( ), (Hook,2006;Ruppanner,2010), (Hook,2010),, (2003),, 171

7 2014 2, (2006),, (2012) 279,,, (Yuand Xie, 2012) ( ),,,,, 2010,,,,,,,, ( q uasi-experimentaldesign),,,,, : 172

8 1:,,,,, : 2:, (YuandXie,2012),,, (Leung, 2003),, (Cheng, 1997),,,,, 2010,,,,,,,,,,, : 3:,, 173

9 :,,,,, ( J ackson,1998),,,, (BelangerandPinard, 1991),,, (Fuwa, 2004;Sanchez,1994),,,,, ;,,, : 5:, 6:,,, ( ) 174

10 2010 (ChinaFamilyPanelStudies,CFPS),,,, CFPS 25 / / ( ), , 2 CFPS,, 18-55,, 5065, 2530, ( ) 1,,,,, (Budig and England,2001; Greenstein,1996,2000; Gupta,2007) 1, 16.8, 13.9 (Bitman,etal.,2003),, CFPS,, 2.CFPS 16000,, ( ) (oversampling ), ( ) 5, 5, 3., 175

11 : ( ) (%) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( =1) ( =1) ( =1) ( =1)

12 ,, 1, 0.378, 0.417, 31.53%, 34.86%,, 6017, 15269,, (Cohen,1998;deRuijter,Treas,andCohen,2005;Spitze, 1999;Heisig, 2011),,,,, (Berardo, Shehan,andLeslie,1987;Coverman,1985;Farkas,1976;Goldscheiderand Waite,1991),,, (SouthandSpitze,1994),, : ( ),,,,,, 18 CFPS 5, 177

13 ( ), ( ),, 2,, 2,,,,,, 2/3, 2: (N=5064) , 2,,, 178

14 ,, (Hook,2006),,,,, 2,,,,,, ,4, ( ) , 1,, ;,, 2, 1,,, 1.5,,, 3 4. CFPS2010, 179

15 : ( + ( ) ) *** ** ** (2.743) (2.931) (2.561) (0.922) *** * (2.639) (2.600) (2.386) *** *** *** *** (0.043) (0.072) (0.039) (0.059) ( ) *** * *** * (0.321) (0.582) (0.101) (0.188) ( ) (0.224) (0.089) ** ** (0.187) (0.174) (0.002) (0.002) ** *** (0.478) (0.434) * ** (0.889) (0.504) *** (1.835) (0.646) (1.484) (0.576) *** (1.337) (0.774) (1.464) (0.712) *** (1.425) (0.748) (0.433) (0.347) ** (0.847) (0.797) (0.725) (0.869) (1.396) (2.358) ( =1) (1.827) (1.433) ( =1) * *** (1.712) (1.271) 180

16 ( ) ( + ( ) ) ( =1) (0.640) (0.572) ( =1) * (0.577) (0.514) *** *** (0.256) (0.290) * (1.168) (0.513) (0.856) (0.615) (0.681) (0.532) ** (0.553) (0.844) (0.785) (0.533) *** *** * (0.570) (3.789) (0.572) (3.413) R-squared :1. 2.*p<0.1, **p<0.05, ***p<0.01 ( ) 3. ; ; ;, 4,5 0.01, 3 4, 1 4, ,,

17 : (N=2530) ( ( ) ) * (0.799) * (2.611) (2.306) ( ) *** (0.099) (0.192) *** (0.038) *** (0.060) *** (0.488) ** (3.433) ( ) R-squared :1. 2.*p<0.1, **p<0.05, ***p<0.01 ( ) 6 1 3,, ;, ,,, 2 7, ,, ,,, 6.,, (KilewaldandGough2010),, (splinefunction),,,, 182

18 ; 4,,, 3 4, , 69.3%,,,, 1 10% 0.205,,, 1: 8 3, 2 4, ,, 183

19 2014 2,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2 4,,, , 0.873,, (Chu,etal.,2011),,,, , ( ),,, 184

20 , 2009 GDP GDP,,, CFPS, 86.62%,, 99.61%,, 69.23% 5 5,, 3 2 4, 3 2 4,, 5, 5 1 3,,,, 10%, 0.62, 5 2, 1,,9 4, 3,,,, 5,,,, , 9.,,, 185

21 2014 2,,,,, 6, 5 2 2,, 69.23%( ) 86.62%( ) 99.61% 5: 1: 2: 3: 4: GDP GDP GDP GDP ** ** ** (2.945) (2.960) (0.922) (7.808) * ** (2.612) (8.646) * * * ( ) (0.582) (0.587) (0.187) (0.193) *** *** *** *** (0.072) (0.072) (0.059) (0.059) ** GDP GDP ( 2.855) (3.433) (2.414) (4.391) GDP GDP * (8.794) GDP GDP * ** (9.566) *** * (4.426) (4.695) (3.946) (5.030) R-squared : *p<0.1, **p<0.05, **p<0.01 ( ) 186

22 2: ( ), (69.23%),, 45.2%,, (86.62%),,, 77.1%, (99.61%),,,,,,,,, 187

23 2014 2,, 2010,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, 188

24 ,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (References) [ J ]. (7): [ J ]. (3):

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independenceandsuccessisthebestindicatorfortimespentonhousework withthose moredependenteconomicalyshouldering much more household work.theinflu

independenceandsuccessisthebestindicatorfortimespentonhousework withthose moredependenteconomicalyshouldering much more household work.theinflu : 2015 2 CJS 35 : 2010 ( ) : DOI:10.15992/j.cnki.31-1123/c.2015.02.006 HouseholdDivisionofHouseworkforDouble-IncomeFamily: EconomicDependenceGenderIdeologiesorEmotionalExpres LIU Aiyu TONG Xin FU Wei Abstract:BasedontheanalysisofsamplingdataofThirdNationalWomen