weretemporary membersofthenatalfamily.upon marriage,awoman was expectedtoserveherhusband'sextendedfamilyandborenofilialobligationto herownparen

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仲聊乔
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1 CJS 35 许琪 : 2010,,,,,,,,,, : SonsorDaughters WhoAreCaringforAgingParents:A GenderComparativeStudyofChineseFamily XU Qi DOI: /j.cnki /c Abstract:The traditional Chinese family has long been characterized as patriarchal, p atrilineal,and patrilocal, p lacing women at a severe social disadvantageinrelationto men.undersuchasystem,sons werepermanent membersofthe natalfamilyand wereexpectedtolive with parentsafter marriageandcontributetotheireconomic wel-being.incontrast,daughters * : (Author:XU Qi,SchoolofSocialand Behavioral Sciences,NanjingUniversity ) xuqi@nju.edu.cn ** (15CRK013) (2015M570421) [ThisresearchwassupportedbyNationalSocialScienceFundProject (15CRK013)andChinaPostdoctoralScienceFoundation (2015M570421).] 199

2 weretemporary membersofthenatalfamily.upon marriage,awoman was expectedtoserveherhusband'sextendedfamilyandborenofilialobligationto herownparents.nevertheles,inrecentyearssomestudieshavefoundthatthe traditionofsonsasthesoleproviderforagingparentshasundergonesignificant changesincontemporary China.Tofurtherinvestigatethisisue,ourstudy examinestwoaspectsofintergenerationalsupport:financialsupportandaging care,andhighlightsthegenderdifferencebetweensonsanddaughtersinthis regard.takingintoconsiderationofthecommonlypracticedpatrilocalliving arrangementin China,weseparatethegenderdifferencebetweensonsand daughtersin care behaviors from the gender difference caused by living arrangement.thegendercomparisondatainthisstudyisdrawnfrom within thesamefamily.chinafamilypanelstudy ( 2010) p rovidesthedatabasefor ouranalysis.ourfindingindicatesthatsonsstilplayasignificantlygreaterrole thandaughtersinprovidingsupportfortheiragingparents,however,thisis onlylargelyduetothefactthatsonsaremostlikelytolivewithorliveinclose proximitytotheirparents.ifthevariableoflivingarrangementisincluded, sonsplayaleadingroleinprovidingfinancialsupportbutlagbehinddaughters in providing aging care. Discrepancy also exists between ruraland urban families.whileinrural China,itisstiltruethat sonsgive moneyand daughtersprovidecare ;incities,daughtershavealreadyoutperformedsonsin bothaspectsoffinancialsupportandagingcare.therefore,eventhoughthe Chinesetraditionofrelyingonsonsasthecoreproviderofintergenerational supportisstilalive,significantchangeshavealready occurred.ourstudy suggeststhattherapiddemographictransitionandtheimprovementofsocio- economicstatusofwomenarethetwoprimarycontributorstosuchchanges. Keywords: p atrilinealfamilysystem,agingcare, g endercomparison,socio- economicstatus, (,1983;Lee,Parishand Wilis,1994), 200

3 (,2000;,2007),, ;,,,,,, :,,,,,, (intra-familycomparison),,,, :, ;, (Greenhalgh,1985),, (Lin,etal.,2003;Lee,Parishand Wilis,1994),, (Chuand Yu, 201

4 ;Lin,etal.,2003;Lee,Parishand Wilis,1994) (Yang, 1996;,1996),,,, (XieandZhu,2009) 1999, ( ),,, (,2009) (2009),,,,,,,,,, ( 一 ) 经济支持和生活照料,,,,,,, (Horowitz,1985;Montgomeryand Kamo,1989) (Lin,etal.,2003),, 202

5 , ;,,,,, (Lin,etal.,2003),,,,,,,, ( 二 ) 是否控制居住方式,, 20 90,, (,2006) (2004), 2000,65 60%, (Lei,etal.,2013) (,2001;,2009),,,,,,, (,2013), (Chu,Xieand Yu,2011), 203

6 2015 4,,, ( 1) (a),,,, (b*c),,,,,, a+b*c 1:, (XieandZhu,2009),,,,,, ( 三 ) 家庭内部比较和家庭之间比较,,,, 204

7 , (inter- familycomparison), ( 15. 3%), A A B B,, A B,,,,, (intra- familycomparison) (unobservedheterogeneity ),, (Zhu,2008) 2010, ( 一 ) 数据和变量 2010 ( CFPS) CFPS,, 25, 95% CFPS, 2010, 1,CFPS, 1. : (2010) htp :// cfps/wd/ jsbg /2010jsbg / 205

8 2015 4,,, 18,,, CFPS,,, 2,, 2468, , 3.7,,,,,,,,, 1 2 2,,,,, ( 二 ) 统计模型, (fixedeffectmodel),,, : 2.,, 1 2, 1, 2 206

9 1: / (%) ( ) (%) ( ) (%) ( ) ( ) (%) N 注 :1. 表中结果已加权城乡根据父母的户籍划分 ; 2. 原始的婚姻状况包括未婚在婚同居离婚和丧偶五类, 使用时合并成两类其中有配偶指在婚, 无配偶包括丧偶离婚未婚和同居四类, 数据中回答离婚未婚和同居的样本量非常小, 所以合并成一类未婚者的子女可能来自领养 ; 3. 生活自理能力 :CFPS 要求受访老人汇报平时参加户外活动吃饭烹调出行购物清洁卫生和洗衣时是否有障碍以及障碍的严重程度, 每个问题的得分从 1 到 7 不等, 得分越低表示障碍越严重表中的生活自理能力得分是对受访老人在这 7 个问题上得分的加总 logit(pij ) =log pij K 1-pij= k=0 β k x kj +αi,i, j pij i j i x kj k,, β k αi i, i 207

10 : / ( ) (%) ( ) (%) (%) / / 10.4 / / N 注 : 表中结果已加权 Logistic, αi, αi, i,,, αi,, i, αi,, ( ) ( ) ( 一 ) 描述性统计分析 3,, 208

11 ;,, 3: (%) * * * ** * ** *** ** ** 注 :1. 表中结果已加权 ; 2. 显著性水平 : +p<0.1, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001,,,,,,, 3 :,,,,, (Simpson sparodox),,,,,,,, ( 二 ) 模型分析 209

12 , 4,,,, 4,, :,, 4: ( ) *** *** *** * *** *** *** ** ** * *** * ** *** *** *** 注 :1. 回归结果已加权 ; 2. 显著性水平 : +p<0.1, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 ; 3. 职业类型的参照组为无工作, ( 5),, 4 ;,,,, x y z, z :,z y ;,z x z 210

13 5: ( ) * * *** *** *** *** *** *** / *** *** *** / *** *** *** / *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** 注 :1. 回归结果已加权 ; 2. 显著性水平 : +p<0.1, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, *** p<0.001 ; 3. 职业类型和居住距离的参照组分别为无工作和同住, 5,,,, ; 2,,,,, 1, :, ;,,, :,,,,, 211

14 2015 4,,,, 2., (WuandTreiman,2004),, ( 6), 6: ( ) *** * *** *** *** *** *** *** *** / *** *** *** / / *** *** *** / *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** 注 :1. 回归结果已加权 ; 2. 显著性水平 : +p<0.1, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, *** p<0.001 ; 3. 职业类型和居住距离的参照组分别为无工作和同住 212

15 ,,,,,,,, (XieandZhu,2009),,,,,,,,,,,,, (XieandZhu,2009),,,, (2009),,,,,,, 3.,,, 213

16 2015 4, 7,,, 17 ( ),, 8 ( ),,, ( ),,,, 7,,,,,,,,,, 7,, 4.,, 8,,,,,, 214

17 7: ( ) *** *** * * *** ** * * *** *** *** *** * *** / *** *** *** / / *** *** *** / *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** 注 :1. 回归结果已加权 ; 2. 显著性水平 : +p<0.1, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, *** p<0.001 ; 3. 职业类型和居住距离的参照组分别为无工作和同住,,,,,,, CFPS 2010,,, 215

18 : ( ) * ** * * *** *** *** *** *** / *** *** *** / *** *** *** / *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** 注 :1. 回归结果已加权 ; 2. 显著性水平 : +p<0.1, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, *** p<0.001 ; 3. 职业类型和居住距离的参照组分别为无工作和同住,,,,,,,,,,,, 216

19 (,2009), (,2005) (,2011),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 217

20 2015 4,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, CFPS, ( ),,CFPS,,CFPS,,,,, (References) [ J ]. ( )(3): : [M] [M] [ J ]. (2): [ J ]. (6):

21 [ J ]. (1): : [ J ]. (6): [ J ]. (5): [ J ]. (1): [ J ]. (3): [ J ]. (5): [ J ]. (5):4-10. Chu,C.Y.CyrusandRuoh-RongYu.2010.Understanding ChineseFamilies:A ComparativeStudy of TaiwanandSoutheastChina.New York:OxfordUniversityPres. Chu,C.Y.Cyrus,YuXie,andRuoh-RongYu CoresidencewithElderlyParents:A ComparativeStudyofSoutheastChinaandTaiwan. Journalof MariageandFamily73 (1): Greenhalgh,S SexualStratification:TheOtherSideof Growth withequity in EastAsia. Populationand DevelopmentReview11(2): Horowitz,Amy SonsandDaughtersasCaregiverstoOlderParents:Differencesin RolePerformanceandConsequences. TheGerontologist25(6): Lee,Yean-Ju,Wiliam L.Parish,andRobertJ.Wilis Sons,Daughters,andIntergenerational SupportinTaiwan. AmericanJournalofSociology99(4): Lei,Xiaoyan, JohnStraus,MengTian,and YaohuiZhao LivingArrangementsof theelderlyinchina:evidencefromthecharlsnationalbaseline. Presentedatthe PopulationAsociationofAmericaAnnualMeetings2012,LosAngeles,USC. Lin,I-Fen,Noreen Goldman,Maxine Weinstein,Yu-Hsuan Lin,Tristan Gorrindo,and TeresaSeeman Gender Differencesin AdultChildren ssupportof Their ParentsinTaiwan. Journalof MariageandFamily65(1): Montgomery, RhondaJ.V.and Yashinoro Kamo Parent Care by Sonsand Daughters. InAgingParentsand AdultChildren,editedbyJayA.Mancini.Lexington, MA:LexingtonBooks: Wu,Xiaogangand DonaldJ.Treiman The Household RegistrationSystem and SocialStratificationinChina: Demography41 (2): Xie,Yuand HaiyanZhu DoSonsorDaughtersGive More MoneytoParents. Journalof MariageandFamily71(1): Yang, Hongqiu TheDistributiveNormofMonetarySupporttoOlderParents:ALookat atownshipinchina. Journalof MariageandtheFamily58(2): Zhu,Haiyan Three Esayson Health,AgingandtheFamilyin Contemporary China. DoctoralDisertationoftheUniversityofMichigan.NotPublished. : 219

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