權力、性別意識、親密關係與家務分工

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2 (Berardo, Shehan, Leslie 1987; Bianchi, Milkie, Sayer and Robinsion 2000; Bird and Bird 1984; Barnett and Baruch 1987) (Lavee and Katz 2002; Shelton and John 1996; Willigen and Drentea 2001) (Lennon and Rosenfield 1994) (Hochschild 1989; Major 1993; Robinson and Spitze 1992) Hochschild(1989) (Jamieson 2002) Bernard(1981) : ( 2000; 1

3 1998) ( ) (1) (2) (3) / ( 2

4 ) ( )(Ross 1987; Spitze 1986) (provider) Brines(1994) ( )(Tichenor 1999) ( ) (Bianchi et al. 2000; Nakhaie 2002) (1998) ( ) (2000) (Bianchi et al. 2000; Nakhaie 2002; Shelton and John 1996) ( ) 3

5 (providers) Bernard(1981) (Major 1993) (Jamieson 2002) ( ) ( ) (Barnett and Baruch 1987; Bianchi et al. 2000; Ross 1987; Shelton and John 1996; 2000) (Jamieson 2002) ( ) Hochschild(1989) 靭 Moya, Expósito Ruiz(2000) ( ) 4

6 ( ) ( ) ( 1996) ( ) 2. 5

7 ( ) 1) 2) ( ) ( ) /( ) (Shelton and John 1996) (Bianchi et al ) ( ) ( =3; =2;

8 =1) (13.10 ).13 (12.90 )

9 2 ( ) ( )(Presser 1994) (role overload) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (Berardo et al. 1987) ( ) / ( 3 4 ) ( Rulrn(1976) World of Pain (p ) 8

10 8 ) ( (maximum likerihood) 2 (p=.043) ( ) ( ) 3. (social desirability) (Zipp and Toth 2002) : 4 (Berardo, Shehan and Leslie 1987; South and Spitze 1994; Presser 1994) 1 ( ) 6 ( ) ( 2000) 3 4 9

11 ( ) Rossi(1989) (Shelton and John 1996; Bianchi et al. 2000) (2000) Ross(1987) 5 (Bianchi et al. 2000; Nakhaie 2002) (Bernardes 1997) ( ) ( ) 4. (quantile regression) OLS OLS 5 (2000) 10

12 (Eide and Showalter 1999) (Koenker and Bassett 1978) min β θ y i X β i + ( 1 θ) X β { } { } i yi X β i i yi < X iβ y i i y i ( ) X i OLS OLS (Lieberson 1996) (Rousseeuw and Leroy 1987:11) ( ) OLS ( ) 11

13 OLS OLS (N 486) OLS -6.76*** (1.83) (1.53) 1.55** (.63) (.53) 5.24* 2.68 (2.52) -.05 (.03) 6.06** (2.08).00 (.03) (1.90) (1.59) (6.62) 1.27 (4.63) 3.48*** (.83) 1.79 (.99) (8.26) 4.02* (4.92).15 (3.45).67 (.67) 1.19 (.83) (6.65) -8.77*** (1.84) 1.35* (.63) 5.72* (2.53) -.05 (.03) 9.69*** (1.90) 6.72 (6.41) 5.42 (4.58) 2.55** (.84) 3.95*** (.99) (8.26) -6.97** (2.59) 1.57 (.86) 5.45 (3.55) -.11* (.05) 8.68** (2.68) 28.24** (8.98) 4.54 (6.30) 3.32** (1.19) 3.44* (1.46) (12.59) Adj R 2 / pseudo.13*** R 2 *p.05 **p.01 ***p

14 ( ).75 (p.069) ( 2000) ( 5 ) ( 2000) ( ) ( ) ( b 28.2%) ( 13

15 ) Presser 1994 Bianchi et al ( 2000) 6 ( ) (Hochschild 1989) OLS (Jamieson 2002) (pseudo R 2 ) OLS 6 (1998) 14

16 R 2 R 2 (OLS) ( ) (.25 ) ( ) (b 43 ) (Bianchi et al. 2000; Presser 1994) 15

17 (N 451) OLS -4.82* (1.92) (.87).41 (2.65) -.05 (.03) -6.40** (2.97) -.17 (1.35) (4.09) -.02 (.04) -9.11** (2.19) (3.34) *** *** (4.96) *** (3.38) 1.47* (.62) -2.21* (.95) (8.41) (7.61) ** (5.19) 3.12** (.99) -4.37** (1.55) (12.90) (2.49) (1.13) 2.63 (3.44) -.06 (.04) -6.20* (2.86) *** (6.37) (4.38) 1.26 (.80) -3.34** (1.24) (10.92) -1.13* (.52) -2.18*** (.23) 3.78*** (.74) -.01 (.01) -.29 (.61) *** (1.36) -.81 (.93).07 (.17) -.36 (.26) (2.26) adj R 2 / pseudo R 2.12*** *p.05 **p.01 ***p

18 ( ) (Cunningham 2001) Major 1993 Tichenor 1999 ( ) (Bird, Bird and Scruggs 1984; Lavee and Katz 2002; Spitze 1986; 2000) R 2 OLS 17

19 .12 (.18) -.04 (.06) -.41 (.25).02*** (.00) -.04 (.18) 1.47* (.59) -.63 (.44) -.04 / (.08).18 a (.09) 7.44 (.80) -.94** (.27).08 (.12) -1.11** (.38).00 (.00) -.83** (.30) -2.35** (.69) -1.08* (.49).21* (.09) -.26 b (.13) (1.17) adj R 2.07***.09*** N *p.05 **p.01 ***p.001 a p=.052 b p=.051 ( p.052) 廻 ( ) 18

20 ( ) (Bernardes 1997) (Jamieson 2002:31) ( ) / 19

21 ( ) (2000) (1998) / (2000) (Bianchi et al Nakhaie 2002) ( ) 20

22 (1998) ( ) (Jamieson 2002) ( ) ( ) / (Shelton and John 1996) ( ) 21

23 ( ) (Lennon and Rosenfeld 1994) ( ) (Jamieson 2002) 22

24 2000 : 24: : : : 24: : Barnett, Rosalind and Grace K. Baruch Determinants of Fathers Participation in Family Work. Journal of Marriage and the Family 49: Berardo, Donna H., Constance L. Shehan and Gerald R. Leslie A Residue of Transition: Jobs, Careers, and Spouses Time in Housework. Journal of Marriage and the Family 49: Bernard, Jessie The Good-Provider Role its Rise and Fall. Reprinted in Pp in Public and Private Families: A Reader, edited by Andrew J. Cherlin, (originally in American Psychologist, vol.36) Boston: McGraw-Hill. Bird, Gloria, Gerald Bird and Marguerite Scruggs Determinants of Family Task Sharing: A Study of Husbands and Wives. Journal of Marriage and the Family 46: Bernardes, Jon Family Studies: an Introduction. London: Routledge. Brines, Julie Economic Dependency, Gender, and the Division of Labor at Home. American Journal of Sociology Cunningham, Mick Parental Influences on the Gendered Division of Labor. American Sociological Review 66: Eide, R. Eric and Mark H. Showalter Factors Affecting the Transmission of Earnings Across Grenerations: A Quantile Regression Approach. Journal of Human Resources 34: Jamieson, Lynn : (Intimacy: Personal Relationships in Modern Societies) : Hochschild, Arlie The Second Shift: Working Parents and the Revolution at Home. New York: Viking. 23

25 Koenker, Roger and Gilber Bassett Regression Quantiles. Econometrica 46: Koenker, Roger and Kevin F. Hallock Quantile Regression. Journal of Economic Perspectives 15(4): Quantile Regression: an Introduction. ( /research /intro/intro.html) Lavee, Yoav and Ruth Katz Division of Labor, Perceived Fairness, and Marital Quality: the Effect of Gender Ideology. Journal of Marriage and the Family 64: Lennon, Mary Clare and Sarah Rosenfeld Relative Fairness and the Division of Housework: the Importance of Options. American Journal of Sociology 100: Liberson, Stanley 1996 Major, Brenda Gender, Entitlement, the Distribution of Family Labor. Journal of Social Issues 49(3): Nakhaie, M. R Class, Breadwinner Ideology, and Housework Among Canadian Husbands. Review of Radical Political Economics 34: Presser, Harriet B Employment Schedules among Dual-Earner Spouses and the Division of Household Labor by Gender. American Sociological Review 59: Robinson, Joyce and Glenna Spitze Whistle While You Work? The Effect of Household Task Performance on Women s and Men s Well-Being. Social Science Quarterly 73: Ross, Catherine E, The Division of Labor at Home. Social Forces 65: Rossi, Alice S Transition to Parenthood. Pp in Family in Transition, 6 th edition, edited by Arlene S. Skolnick and Jerome H. Skolnick. Glenview Illinois: Scott, Foresman and Company. Rousseeuw, Peter J. and Annick M. Leroy Robust Regression and Outlier Detection. New York: John Wiley. Rubin, Lillian B Worlds of Pain: Life in the Working-Class Family. New York: Basic Books. Shelton, Beth Anne and Daphne John The Division of Household Labor. Annual Review of Sociology 22: South, J. Scott and Glenna Spitze Housework in Marital and Nonmarital Households. American Sociological Review 59: Spitze, Glenna The Division of Task Responsibility in U.S. Households: Longitudinal Adjustments to Change. Social Forces 64:

26 Tichenor, Veronica J Status and Income as Gendered Resources: the Case of Marital Power. Journal of Marriage and the Family 61: Willigen, Marieke and Patricia Drentea Benefits of Equitable Relationships: the Impact of Sense of Fairness, Household Division of Labor, and Decision Making Power on Perceived Social Support. Sex Roles 44: Zipp John and Joann Toth She Said, He Said, They Said: the Impact of Spousal Presence in Survey Research. Public Opinion Quarterly 66:

27 ( ) ( ) d.f. 7 p.043 ( ) % d.f. 2 p

Jul Journal of Chinese Women's Studies No. 4 Ser. No. 148 * CFPS 2010 C A Where does the Ti

Jul Journal of Chinese Women's Studies No. 4 Ser. No. 148 * CFPS 2010 C A Where does the Ti 2018 7 Jul. 2018 4 148 Journal of Chinese Women's Studies No. 4 Ser. No. 148 * 210023 CFPS 2010 C913. 68 A 1004-2563 2018 04-0019-14 Where does the Time Go Gender Differences in Time Use over the Life