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1 土壤 (Soils), 2014, 46(5): 土壤厌氧还原消毒对尖孢镰刀菌的抑制研究 1, ,2* ( ) (Fusarium oxysporum FOC) ph NO 3 -N FOC 20 g FOC FOC 2.8% 5 g 69.5% S432.4 [1] [2] Fusarium oxysporum (FOC) f. sp. cubense [3] FOC [3 4] [5 6] [7 8] Shinmura [9] 2000 (anaerobic soil disinfestation ASD) [10] ASD ASD FOC ASD ASD (C/N 45.7) 1.2 [11] g 5 (CK1) (CK2) 5 g/kg + (LMS) 20 g/kg + (HMS) 3 g/kg + (LI) 3 25 ( 15 ) ~ 35 ( ) ( ) * (zccai@njnu.edu.cn) (1986 ) xqhuang@njnu.edu.cn

2 ph NO 3 -N (Eh) 2 mol/l KCl r/min 1 h ph (Mettler S220K Switzerland) ph KCl (Skalar San++, Holland) NO 3 -N Eh (QX6530 ) g 90 ml 170 r/min 20 min lg CFU FOC real-time PCR DNA Power Soil TM DNA Isolation Kit (MO BIO Laboratories Inc., USA) [12] Real-time PCR 8 CFX-96 PCR (Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc., Hercules, CA, USA) 2 μl DNA 10 μl SYBR Green premix EX Taq(2 TaKaRa ) ITS1-F 5 -CTTGGTCATTTAGAGGAAGTAA-3 AFP CGAATTAACGCGAGTCCCAAC-3 (10 μmol/l) 0.4 μl 7.2 μl 95 2 min s s s 40 (Tm = 86 ± 0.5 ) [13] y = x R 2 = ph g/kg 0.2 g/kg 2 (CK) 5 g/kg + (ASD) 25 ( 10 ) m Excel 2003 Origin 7.5 SPSS 13.0 Duncan (P 0.05) ph Eh NO 3 -N 5 (CK2 LMS HMS LI) ph CK1 ph CK2 LMS HMS ph ph 6.2 CK1 CK2 ph ph ( 1) 5 Eh CK1 CK2 LI Eh Eh CK2 LI Eh CK2 Eh 15 CK1 LI LMS HMS Eh ( 1) NO 3 -N CK1 LI NO 3 -N CK2 LMS 和 HMS (CK1 CK2 LMS 5 g/kg + HMS 20 g/kg + LI 3 g/kg + ) 图 1 不同处理土壤中 ph Eh 和 NO 3 -N 浓度的变化 Fig. 1 Variations of ph, Eh and concentration of NO 3 -N in soils under different treatments

5 853 NO 3 -N LI 10 NO 3 -N 0( 1) 2.2 15 LMS HMS CK1 CK1 3.1 2.6 CK2 CK1 15 CK1 HMS 2.7 10 7 CFU/g 15 HMS CK1 56.4% LMS HMS CK1 42.9% 48.7% 15 HMS LMS CK1 9.2% LMS HMS ( 2) 2.

3 5 853 NO 3 -N LI 10 NO 3 -N 0( 1) LMS HMS CK1 CK CK2 CK1 15 CK1 HMS CFU/g 15 HMS CK1 56.4% LMS HMS CK1 42.9% 48.7% 15 HMS LMS CK1 9.2% LMS HMS ( 2) 2.3 PCR FOC FOC (CK1 CK2) FOC CK1 2.8% CK1 12% FOC CK1 45.9% CK2 CK1 ( 3) 图 3 土壤落干后不同处理土壤中尖孢镰刀菌的数量 Fig. 3 Population of FOC in drained soils under different treatments % ASD 16.7% ASD 69.5% Fig. 4 图 4 田间试验香蕉枯萎病发病率 Disease incidences of banana Fusarium wilt in field experiment 3 ( Duncan (P 0.05) ) 图 2 不同处理土壤中细菌放线菌和真菌的数量 Fig. 2 Populations of bacteria, actinomyces and fungi in soils under different treatments [14] CO 2 [15] [16] 3 ~ 4 [17 18]

4 FOC FOC 25 FOC 2.8% [19] FOC FOC Eh [20] ASD Eh ASD ASD NO 3 -N ph ASD ASD [21] ASD ASD ASD [22] ASD FOC ASD FOC ASD F. oxysporum Verticillium dahliae Ralstonia solanacearum [22] ASD 69.5% 50% [23] ASD ASD [24] ASD [1] Li WM, Qian CM, Mo YW, Hu YL, Xie JH. Tolerance of banana for fusarium wilt is associated with early H 2 O 2 accumulation in the roots[j]. African Journal of Biotechnology, 2011, 10(55): [2] Getha K, Vikineswary S. Antagonistic effects of Streptomyces violaceusniger strain G10 on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4: indirect evidence for the role of antibiosis in the antagonistic process[j]. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2002, 28: [3] Dita MA, Waalwijk C, Buddenhagen IW, Souza MT, Kema GHJ. A molecular diagnostic for tropical race 4 of the banana fusarium wilt pathogen[j]. Plant Pathology, 2010, 59(2): [4] Stover RH. Fusarium wilt of banana: Some history and current status of the disease[m]. St Paul: American Phytopathological Scociety Press, 1990 [5] Katan J. Physical and cultural methods for the management of soil-borne pathogens[j]. Crop Protection, 2000, 19: [6] Corsten R, Roelofs T, de Veld P. Tackling Verticillium problems in chrysanthe-mum[j]. Vakbl Bloemisterij, 2002, 57(29): [7] Chinn SHF, Sallans BJ, Ledingham RJ. Spore populations of Helminthosporium sativum in soils in relation to the occurrence of common root rot of wheat[j]. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 1962, 4: [8],,,,,,. [J]., 2010, 43(18): [9] Shinmura A. Causal agent and control of root rot of welsh onion[c]. PSJ Soilborne Disease Workshop Report, 2000, 20: [10] Goud JKC, Termorshuizen AJ, Blok WJ, van Bruggen AHC. Long-term effect of biological soil disinfestation on Verticillium wilt[j]. Plant Disease, 2004, 88(7): [11]. [M]. 3. :, 1998 [12] Dineen SM, Aranda R, Anders DL, Robertson JM. An evaluation of commercial DNA extraction kits for the isolation of bacterial spore DNA from soil[j]. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2010, 109(6): [13] López-Mondéjar R, Antón A, Raidl S, Ros M, Pascual JA. Quantification of the biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum with real-time TaqMan PCR and its potential extrapolation to the hyphal biomass[j]. Bioresource Technology, 2010, 101(8): [14] Blok WJ, Lamers JG, Termorshuizen AJ, Bollen GJ. Control of soilborne plant pathogens by incorporating fresh organic amendments followed by tarping[j]. Phytopathology, 2000, 90: [15] Bruehl GW. Soil-Borne Plant Pathogens[M]. New York: MacMillan, 1987 [16] Runia WT, Molendijk LPG. Physical methods for soil disinfestation in intensive agriculture: Old methods and new approaches[j]. Acta Horticulturae 2010, 883:

5 5 855 [17] Stover RH. Fusarial wilt (Panama disease) of Bananas and Other Musa species[m]. Kew: Commonwealth Mycological Institute, 1962 [18] Pullman GS, DeVay JE. Effect of soil flooding and pady rice culture, on the survival of Verticillium dahliae and incidence of Verticillium wilt in cotton[j]. Phytopathology 1981, 71: [19] Oka Y. Mechanisms of nematode suppression by organic soil amendments A review[j]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2010, 44(2): [20] Momma N. Biological soil disinfestation (BSD) of soilborne pathogens and its possible mechanisms[j]. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly, 2008, 42(1): 7 12 [21] Huang X, Zhang N, Yong X, Yang XM, Shen QR. Biocontrol of Rhizoctonia solani damping-off disease in cucumber with Bacillus pumilus SQR-N43[J]. Microbiological Research, 2011, 167: [22] Shinmura A. Principle and effect of soil sterilization method by reducing redox potential of soil[c]. PSJ Soilborne Disease Workshop Report, 2004, 22: 2 12 [23] Minuto A, Spadaro D, Garibaldi A, Gullino LM. Control of soil borne pathogens of tomato using a commercial formulation of Streptomyces griseoviridis and solarization[j]. Crop Protection, 2006, 15: [24] PiedraBuena A, García-Álvarez A, Díez-Rojo MÁ, Bello A. Use of crop residues for the control of Meloidogyne incognita under laboratory conditions[j]. Pest Management Science, 2006, 62(10): Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation on Fusarium oxysporum HUANG Xin-qi 1,2, WEN Teng 1, MENG Lei 3, ZHANG Jin-bo 1, ZHU Tong-bin 1, CAI Zu-cong 1,2* (1 School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing , China; 2 Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing , China; 3 College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou , China) Abstract: The method of anaerobic soil disinfestations (ASD) involving incorporation of organic matters under flooding condition was used for creating soil anaerobic and reductive environment and controlling the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum (FOC) in banana continuous cropping soils. The results showed that ASD significantly increased soil ph, reduced soil Eh and the concentration of NO 3 -N in the soil. In ASD process, the population of cultural bacteria significantly increased, but the populations of antinomies and fungi were reduced. The population of FOC significantly decreased in the flooding soil incorporated with maize straw (20 g/kg soil) to 2.8% of untreated soil. Incorporation of lime decreased the population of FOC significantly as well, but less effectively than with maize straw did. ASD incorporated with maize straw (5 g/kg soil) could significantly decrease the disease incidence of banana, and a control efficiency of 69.5% was obtained in field experiment. These results indicated that ASD is an effective and environmentally friendly way to control banana Fusarium wilt disease. Key words: Organic matters, Anaerobic soil disinfestation, Fusarium oxysporun

吴根良等不同前作对设施草莓土壤环境动态变化和经济效益的影响 4 土传病害也因此日趋严重严重影响草莓的产量和品质轮作尤其是水旱轮作是克服连作障 5 6 233 棚揭开大棚膜其他大棚不揭膜都按常规进行水肥农药的管理 8 月初前作结束后用产品名碍的有效技术措施之一其中有关水稻草 7

吴根良等不同前作对设施草莓土壤环境动态变化和经济效益的影响 4 土传病害也因此日趋严重严重影响草莓的产量和品质轮作尤其是水旱轮作是克服连作障 5 6 233 棚揭开大棚膜其他大棚不揭膜都按常规进行水肥农药的管理 8 月初前作结束后用产品名碍的有效技术措施之一其中有关水稻草 7 24( 2) : 232 237 浙江农业学报 Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis 2012 http: / / www zjnyxb cn 2012 24( 2) : 吴根良忻雅童建新等不同前作对设施草莓土壤环境动态变化和经济效益的影响 J 浙江农业学报 232 237 不同前作对设施草莓土壤环境动态变化和经济效益的影响 1 吴根良忻 ( 1 1 * 雅童建新1