2006 6, 16,, 19 20,,1897 (J ames S. Den2 nis) 3 : : 9,1945 2,9 11, 1992 ;, 2003 ; 1998 ; 2000 ; 1999 ;, 2000 ; , Jame S. Dennis, Christian

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1 Ξ 1930,, ,, 1939 (Border Service Department of Church of Christ in China ) : Ξ, :, : 02 EZJ001 35

2 2006 6, 16,, 19 20,,1897 (J ames S. Den2 nis) 3 : : 9,1945 2,9 11, 1992 ;, 2003 ; 1998 ; 2000 ; 1999 ;, 2000 ; , Jame S. Dennis, Christian Missions and Social Progress : A Sociological St udy of Foreign Missions ( New York, 1897)., Pual A. Varg, Missionaries, Chinese and Diplomats ( Princeton University Press, Reprinted in 1977), p. 72 James L. Barton,The Modern Missionary, Harvard Theological Review, January 1915, p

3 / 19 40, 20, 1910 ( Frank Rawlinson) 20 :,,, ( Sherwood Eddy) : : ; ;, , , 1/ 3 37 : ( ), :, 1985,101 : ( ), :,104 : ( ) ( ),2000,11 Herbert Cressy,The Practical Value of Social Service as Part of a Missionary Program, The Chinese Recorder, March 1916, pp John Stewart Burgess,The Church as a Center of Religious Culture and of Inspiration for Social Welfare, The Chi2 nese Recorder, September 1915, p. 560.

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24 Modern Chine se History Studie s No. 6, 2006 The Formation of Modern Concepts ofcivilizationandcultureand Their Historical Practice in Late Qing and Early Republ ican China Hua ng Xi ngtao (1) In the historical discourse of late Qing and early Republican China, China s traditional concepts ofciviliza2 tionandcultureunderwent a transformation. First, they shed to a great extent their disdain for material, e2 conomic and military affairs, and formed a new and modern concept ofcivilization(the modern concept ofcul2 ture in the broad sense) with an intrinsic idea of progress. Then along another axis they returned to some key elements of Chinese traditionalcivilizationandcultureas contrasted withmilitarizationand material2 ization, thereby gaining new conceptual resources and constructing a new concept ofculturein the narrow sense. Finally, they were re2formed into a contradictory conceptual structure of moderncultureencompassing both the broad and narrow senses. The process by which these two important concepts were formed and devel2 oped was also a process of practice through which the Chinese people at the time used them to reform society. During the Reformation of 1898, the modern concept ofcivilizationwas already gradually gaining prevalence a2 mong progressive intellectuals, bringing with it a whole series of modern guiding values, and becoming an intel2 lectual support for fully carrying out the reform movement that cannot be overlooked. At the same time, the e2 mergence of the concept ofculture in the narrow sense, and its intertwining with the broader concept influ2 enced the progression of the May Fourth New Culture Movement. China s Christian Church in War and in Social Transformation : A Study of the Frontier Service of the General Union of the Church of Christ in China Ya ng Tia nhong (35) In the late 1930s, the General Union of the Church of Christ in China (hereafterguccc ) initiated a movement to provide services to the western minority regions in order to consolidate the rear areas during the An2 ti2japanese War. The GUCCC appealed to accomplished persons inside and outside the Church to go to the south2 west minority regions which were called frontiersat the time to provide services in areas such as livelihood, education, health and medical treatment, and so on. In addition, the General Union cooperated with research in2 stitutes and scholars to do research on the frontier, forming an interplay between service and research, and pro2 moting social progress in remote areas, especially in the Sichuan2Xikang region, and the development of academic studies related to the frontiers. The frontier service was the first such large2scale Christian activity undertaken with the support of the Chinese government since Christianity was first preached in China in This move2 ment lasted until It not only underwent the baptism of the war, but also experienced the drastic social transformations of the early period of New China. The history of the frontier service provides a very important and hitherto unstudied example through which we can understand the changes that Christian missionary activities underwent in modern China.

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9 9 9-99 9 9 8 9 00 9 9 9 9 008 8 00 00 00 0 008 0 0 9 9 99 00 9 98 0 No. 0 JOURNAL OF HISTORIOGRAPHY Serial No. ( 南京大学历史系, 江苏南京 009) 新文化运动以后, 中国的文史学术界大致分为南北两大系统, 以新旧为重要分野其中, 位于南京的东南大学多被视为南方旧学的重镇 9 年南京国民政