three regions or three strata 3 Seneca 4 ~ 65 Quaestiones naturales 4 Themon 1349 ~ 1361 Questions on the Four Books of Aristotle's Meteorolo

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1 Studies in the History of Natural Sciences Vol. 33 No N092 P1-092 A exhalation vapour smoke

2 three regions or three strata 3 Seneca 4 ~ 65 Quaestiones naturales 4 Themon 1349 ~ 1361 Questions on the Four Books of Aristotle's Meteorologica Matteo Ricci 1552 ~ Christoph Clavius 1538 ~

3 3 261 In Sphaeram Joannis de Sacro Bosco Commentarius tres regiones Sabatino de Ursis 1575 ~ Francisco Furtado 1589 ~ Alfonso Vagnone 1568 /69 ~ 1640

4 Meteorologica Ferdinand Verbiest 1623 ~ ~

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12 Aristotle. Meteorologica M. Lee H D P trans. Cambridge Mass. Harvard University Press M Peterson W J. Western Natural Philosophy Published in Late Ming China J. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society ~ Seneca. Natural Questions M. Hine H M trans. Chicago /London The University of Chicago Press ~ Grant E ed. A Source Book in Medieval Science M. Cambridge Mass. Harvard University Press McEvoy J The Chronology of Robert Grosseteste's Writings on Nature and Natural Philosophy J. Speculum ~ M.. Chinois a ~ 15a. 8. C / / ~ J ~ Clavius C. In Sphaeram Joannis de Sacro Bosco Commentarius M. Romae ~ M a. 12. M. / / M... 28a ~ b. 14. M.. 24b. 15. C / / ~ M. / / M

13 M. / / M M. 12 / / M. 8 / / Z M M.. 63b ~ 64a. 24. M / / M. 4 / / ~ A. 51 / / ~ M a ~ 54b. 28. M b ~ 3b. 29. M M. 1 / / M. / / ~ M.. The Dissemination and Influence of Three Regions Theory in Late Ming and Early Qing China SUN Chengsheng Institute for the History of Natural Sciences CAS Beijing China Abstract The three regions theory which divided the air into warm cold and hot strata from bottom to top was the most important dogma used to explain meteorological phenomena in Medieval Europe. It was introduced in China during the late Ming and early Qing and had significant influence on Chinese meteorological knowledge. This paper surveys the three regions theory introduced by Matteo Ricci Francisco Furtado Alfonso Vagnone and others and analyses Chinese literati's responses to this new knowledge. Chinese scholars tried to understand and assimilate this theory based on traditional yuanqi or yinyang theory so that they either broadened the range of the three regions or indicated there were no determinate boundaries between them. In this context Jie Xuan drew a meteorological illustration entitled rihuo xiajiang yangqi shangsheng tu illustration of the descent of the sun's warmth and the rise of warmed air which was not only a perfect example of how the Sino-Western scientific encounter inspired new ideas but also a significant meteorological achievement at the time. Keywords Three regions Meteorology Aristotle Xiong Mingyu Jie Xuan You Yi Late Ming and Early Qing Scientific exchange

2006中國文學研究範本檔

2006中國文學研究範本檔中國文學研究第三十九期 2015 年 01 月頁 223~258 臺灣大學中國文學研究所由心到腦從腦的語義脈絡論晚清民初的文化轉型 * 徐瑞鴻提要傳統的中醫理論以心為神明之主, 掌管思維記憶與情感, 此一觀點在近現代受到西方解剖學的巨