a Huang et al. 2010a OntoLex interface 2005 glyphs Huang et al. 2008a 2008b Chen et al IEEE Suggested Upper Merged Ontology SUMO 2. SU

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1 * Pustejovsky ontology 2010a * 294 http / /www. ddyyx. com

2 a Huang et al. 2010a OntoLex interface 2005 glyphs Huang et al. 2008a 2008b Chen et al IEEE Suggested Upper Merged Ontology SUMO 2. SUMO SUMO. IEEE 295

3 SUMO Niles and Pease 2001 SU- MO Standard Upper Ontology Knowledge Interchange Format SUO-KIF meta Niles and Pease SUMO WordNet SUMO http / /www. ontologyportal. org SUMO SUMO 2002 Wordnet termformat format The Academia Sinica Bilingual Ontological WordNet Sinica BOW http / /bow. sinica. edu. tw Huang et al b WordNet SUMO Sinica BOW SUMO upper ontology IEEE SU- MO

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17 2009 Chen S. -Y. C. -R. Huang and Y. -J. Yang The knowledge system of radicals A study on the representation and cultural implications of yu4 jade and shi2 rock. Presented at The 4th International Conference on Literature and Information Technology ICLIT Hong Kong City University. Chou Y. -M. and C. -R. Huang Hantology Conceptual system discovery based on orthographic convention. In C. -R. Huang et al eds. 2010a. Pp Huang C. -R. N. Calzolari A. Gangemi A. Lenci A. Oltramari and L. Prévot eds. 2010a. Ontology and the Lexicon A Natural Language Processing Perspective. Cambridge Cambridge University Press. Huang C. -R. R. -Y. Chang and S. -B. Li Sinica BOW Bilingual Ontological Wordnet Integration of Bilingual WordNet and SUMO. In Proceedings of the 4th LREC. Lisbon Portugal b. Sinica BOW A bilingual ontological wordnet. In C. -R. Huang et al. eds. 2010a. Pp Cambridge Cambridge University Press. Huang C. -R. S. -Y. Chen S. -K. Hsieh Y. -M. Chou and T. -Y. Kuo. 2008a. Linguistically conventionalized ontology of four artifact domains A study base on Chinese radicals. Presented at the Workshop on Linguistic Studies of Ontology the 18th International Congress of Linguists. Seoul Korea. Huang C. -R. Y. -J. Yang and S. -Y. Chen. 2008b. An ontology of Chinese radicals Concept derivation and knowledge representation based on the semantic symbols of four hoofed-mammals. Proceedings of the 22nd Pacific Asia Conference on Language Information and Computation PACLIC2008. Pp Hsieh S. -K Hanzi concept and computation A preliminary survey of Chinese char- 310

18 acters as a knowledge resource in NLP. Ph. D diss. Universit t T bingen Germany. Niles I. and A. Pease Toward a standard upper ontology. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems. Ogunquit Maine Linking lexicons and ontologies Mapping WordNet to the Suggested Upper Merged Ontology. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Information and Knowledge Engineering IKE Las Vegas Nevada. Pp Pustejovsky J The Generative Lexicon. Cambridge MA The MIT Press. Wong S. -H. S. and K. Pala Chinese characters and top ontology in EuroWordNet. In Proceedings of the First Global WordNet Conference Mysore University Karnataka India CLSW a b Huang Chu-Ren Faculty of Humanities The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon Hong Kong churen. huang@ inet. polyu. edu. hk jiafeihong@ gmail. com sheng. eagles@ gmail. com milesymchou@ gmail. com 311

19 technology critical to its development is ontology. This paper presents an overview of the development of ontologies and its important role in language processing. It also introduces various interdisciplinary studies on ontologies and language sciences. In particular it discusses how ontologies address the challenges that Chinese language processing faces in the Semantic Web. It also summarizes the 10 papers in the Special Issue Vol. 15 No. 2 and the Special Section in this issue Vol. 15 No. 3 focusing on ontology. Keywords Semantic Web ontology Chinese language processing Chu-Ren HUANG Jia-Fei HONG Sheng-Yi CHEN and Ya-Ming CHOU Exploring e- vent structures in Hanzi radicals An ontology-based approach Shuowen Jiezi is organized according to the radical forms as semantic symbols. Characters are classified according to radicals and their meanings cluster around the basic concept of the semantic symbol. Therefore in this paper we assume that Shuowen Jiezi radicals can reflect the conventionalized conceptualization when Chinese character orthography was invented. According to our analysis elaborating Generative Lexicon Theory by Pustejovsky 1995 we found that the ontology expressed by Hanzi radicals has already had the strong conceptual derivation and knowledge reasoning ability as described in the Generative Lexicon. In this study we take as our research objects Chinese radical cao3 representing grass and the radicals representing Five Sense Faculties in Shuowen Jiezi namely mu4 eye er3 ear kou3 mouth bi2 nose and she2 tongue which all belong to body part class in SUMO concepts. In addition we assume that semantic symbols represent basic concepts and identify the semantic relation between each derived character and its basic concept to construct a conventionalized ontology headed by that concept. Finally we contrast the semantic symbol generative structure for the Five Sense Faculties with the modern senses of these single-character words in the Chinese WordNet. It is observed that the same set of derivational relations applies. Keywords Chinese radicals ontology Hanzi lexical semantics SU Qi Evidentiality and other linguistic evidence in computational language processing As a distinct linguistic category evidentiality plays an important role in statement and communication. However evidentiality is complicated in that it refers not only to grammatical categories but also to lexical items as well as specific expressions. Generally speaking certain lexical items and specific expressions can be used to represent evidentials. Many linguists are committed to the study of their types and degrees of reliability reflected. This paper aims at rounding up the findings of evidentiality based on the evidence drawn from annotated English and Chinese corpora. It can be seen that there are some patterns in defining evidentials so as to evaluate the reliability of information. Also reported are the findings of other linguistic cues which may affect people's judgment of information reliability as well. Keywords evidentiality evidentials reliability annotated corpus 377

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