:. /..... 当代中国刑罚制度改革论纲 * 赵秉志 当今中国的刑罚制度需要在近年来已有进步的基础上进行系统改革和完善 在刑种和刑罚体系方面, 需要通过立法和司法进一步严格限制死刑, 完善或充实自由刑 财产刑 资格刑, 并对刑罚体系和结构作整体调整 ; 在刑罚裁量制度方面, 应当将量刑原则明确化, 量刑标准具体化, 某些重要的酌定量刑情节法定化 ; 在行刑制度方面, 应当确立开放性行刑的理念, 并建立 健全社区矫正制度 ; 在刑罚消灭制度方面, 应当考虑增补行刑时效和单位犯罪的时效制度, 激活赦免制度 ; 在特殊人群的刑罚适用方面, 应对未成年犯罪人的刑罚适用予以全面的宽缓和有针对性的改革, 并对老年犯罪人贯彻刑罚适用的宽恤 刑罚制度刑罚体系刑罚制度改革,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ; ;,, ; *
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,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 8, ( ),,,,,,,,, 9,,,,,, : ;, ;,,, ;,,,,,, 10 AndewVonHirsch, ( Criminalsentencingisapuzlingandoftenfrustratingsubject. ) 1,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 8 9 10 1 :,, : :, : ( ),, AndewVonHirsch:DoingJustice:TheChoiceofPunishment, NortheasternUniversityPres, p.Ⅹ.
; 12 13,,,,,,,,, 14,,,,,,,,, :,, ;, - -, - -,,,, ( ),,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, 15 -,,,, 16,, 12 13 14 15 16,, :,, :,, -,, ; :,, :,, -, MichaelEdmundO.Neil, LindaDrazgaMaxfield:JudicialPerspectivesontheFederalSentencingGuidelinesandtheGoalsofSentencing:DebunkingtheMyths, AlabamaLawReview, Fal, ;KirbyD.Behre, A.JefIfrah:PerspectivesontheFederalSentencingGuidelinesand MandatorySentencingForward:YoubetheJudge:TheSuccesofFiftenYearsofSentencingundertheUnitedStatesSentencingGuidelines, AmericanCriminalLawReview, Winter,.,,, ;,,,,,, :,,
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,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (SMR) :, :,,, 20,,, (probation) (parole) (diversion) (homeconfinement) (halfwayhouse) (intermitentimprisonment) (communitycorections) 21,,,, 2 ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, 23,,,,,,,,, ( ), 20 21 2 23 :,, - RobertM.CarterDanielGlaserLeslieT.Wilkins:ProbationParoleandCommunityCorections(thirdedition), LibraryofCongresCataloging,. :,, - MarkA.R.Kleiman:CommunityCorectionsastheFrontLineinCrimeControl, TheRegentsoftheUniversityofCaliforniaUCLALawReview, August.
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,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,, 27,, Aharasybulus, 28,,,,,,,, (clemency) : (reprieve) (commutation) (pardon), 29,,,,, ; (, ); 30,,,,,,,,,,,, 31,,,,,,,,,, (, ),,,,,,, 27 28 29 30 31 :,, :,, CathlenBurnet, JusticeDenied:ClemencyA pealsindeathpenaltycases, NortheastUniversityPres,, P.. 29, P. :,, -
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,, :,,,,,,,,,,,, 3,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Abstract:Therenedseriesofreform andimproveforthepenalsystem incontemporarychinaonthe basisofalreadyreformation.intheaspectofpenaltypesandpenalsystem, deathpenaltymustbefurther strictlylimitedthroughlegislativeandjudicialmeasures, andtheliberalpunishment, thepropertypunishment, qualificationpunishmentshouldbeimprovedorenriched;asfortheaspectofpenaltysentencesystem, sentenceprincipleshouldbeexpreslynarated, sentencestandardshouldbespecificalyconfirmed; certainimportantconsidersentencecircumstancesshouldbeprescribedinlegal;andinpenalimplementsystem, theopenideaandcommunityremedysystem shouldbeestablishedorimproved.andintheaspectof penaldisappearsystem, theexemptiontimeforexecutionandunitcrimeshouldbeprescribedandthepardon systemshouldbeactivated;lastlyintheaspectofpunishmentsentenceforspecialperson, thepurposelyreliefsystem shouldbereformedforthejuvenilecrime, andthepunishmentshouldbemitigatedforelderly man. ( : ) 3 :,, -