() () 10 11 1. ( ) 13 12 ( ) ( ) 2. 14 15 ( ) 3. 16 17 10 l :328-329; 11 2002 12 2000:125 13 1987:29 14 1999 15 2000:125 16 1997 17 2000:125 149

4. 18 ( ) 5. 19 6. 20 ( ) ( ) 7. 21 18 2000 19 2000:126 20 2000:126 21 2000:126 150

8. 9. 22 ( ) ( ) 10. () () ( 23 X () () () () 22 2000:127 23 1987:29 151

152 ( ) ( ) ()

153 24 / () 25 24 4000 20046 25

1. 4000 26 2100 27 2. 3. ( ) X ( ) ( 26 4000 20046 27 1979:94-124 154

4. ( )( ) ( ) ( ) 5. ( ) () ( ) 28 6. ( ) ( 28 1996.01:138-143 155

7. ( ) 29 30 31 32 ( ) 9. ( ) 10. ( ) ( ) 29 1920 30 1997 31 2003 32 1988 156

11. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 12. ( ) 33 33 4000 20046 157

34 35 34 1982 35 1953 200097 158

貮 36 36 1990 71-2 159

160 X ( ) ()

161 ( )

第一期 (2006 年 9 月) 參考書目 中華大百科全書 中國大百科全書出版社 2004 王新春 周易時的哲學發微 孔子研究 2001.6 P39-P49 王顯春 漢字的起源 學林出版社 2002 方有國 劉又辛 漢字發展史綱要 中國大百科全書出版社 2000 朱芳圃 甲骨學文字編 商務印書館 1997 林義光 文源 福建師範大學圖書館藏依寫本石印 1920 周曉陸 釋東 南 西 北與中 兼說子 午 南京大學學報 1996.03 70-76 胡世慶 中國文化通史 三民書局 2005 徐中舒 甲骨文字典 四川辭書出版社 1988 唐君毅 中國文化之精神價值 正中書局 1953 初版 2000 章太炎 章太炎全集 文始 上海人民出版社出版 1999 郭沫若等 甲骨文合集 郭沫若 郭沫若全集考古編第一卷 甲骨文字研究 科學出版社 2003 328-329 高明 中國古文字學通論 文物出版社 1987 陳遵媯 中國天文學史 上海人民出版社 1984 曾仕良 中華文字符號學 長和圖書股份有限公司 楊偉國 4000 年前中華語文一次重大變更的初探 熵 資訊 複雜性網站 2004 6 鄭文光 中國天文學源流 科學出版社 1979 劉澤民 從漢語看漢民族的傳統時間觀 蘭州大學學報社科版 1996.01:138-143 劉節 中國史學史稿 中州古籍出版社 1982 漢司馬遷 史記 漢班固 漢書 後漢劉熙 釋名 艾德 蒙李區 結構主義之父 李維史陀 黃道琳譯 桂冠出版社 1990 71-2 162

The Study on the Traditional Chinese Concept of Time from the Heavenly Stem and Earthly Branch Tseng, Shyh-Liang Abstract This is a semiotic study on the Chinese traditional concept of time. Firstly, what is time is defined; secondly, according to the various methods of recording time in Chinese history, the target words for analysis are selected. They are Heavenly Stem and Earthly Branch, which are the most significant and outstanding counting system in the Chinese traditional calendar. Various studies on the Heavenly Stem and Earthly Branch in the history or recently were collected and examined. The semiotic approach is then employed to analyze and compare the similarities and differences between the interpretations to find out the code behind the invention of the signifiers, i.e. the 22 characters of Heavenly Stem and Earthly Branch ; to reveal the origin of the Chinese collective concept of time. The result of the analysis shows that all the signifiers of the Heavenly Stem and Earthly Branch are created by observing the phenomena of Nature to see how the changes of seasons influence on the productions of every thing on earth; these sign vehicles are pictures of major substance in agricultural or fishing and hunting society. Therefore, it is concluded that the recognition of time was achieved through substantial observation but not abstract analysis; it is based on concrete and tangible events. There is no spiritual element in the definition of time. Also, the Chinese did not turn the knowledge of time to the search of the meaning of life. There are two features of the traditional Chinese concept of time are suggested: 1. No religious or imaginative aspect was involved; 2. Aware of the importance of timing. There is ethical outlook other than the economic facet. Key words: Traditional Chinese concept of time; Semiotic studies of Chinese characters; Heavenly Stem and Earthly Branch ; traditional Chinese calendars; scholars interpretation of Heavenly Stem and Earthly Branch. Associate Professor in the Center for General Education, Nan Kai Institute of Technology 163

164