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1 Overseas Chinese History Studies Mar., 2001 No. 1 ( ) (, ) [ ] ; ; ; [ ] 19 20, ,,,,, ; [ ] D [ ] A [ ] (2001) Chinese Indentured Labor in Transvaal, : A Comparative Study bet ween Chinese and Indian Labors SANG Yan2dong (Department of History, Peking University,Beijing,100871,China) Key words : Chinese indentured labor ; Overseas labors ; Ban on Chinese s going abroad ; Overseas Chinese Abstract :Based on the background of world economical transformation and the labor s interna2 tional migration at the turn of the 19th and 20th century,this article studies the history of the Chinese indentured labors who moved to South Africa during the period of Why did Chinese indentured labor have to leave China? What were the Chinese and British policies towards the labor? How was the condition of the Chinese labor in South Africa?And what were their contributions and legacies? All these questions were answered in the article. Moreover, this article tries to analyze the differences between Chinese and Indian labors in the process of international labor migration and compare migrating pattern and living condition of the two groups ,,, 52

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3 , , 63,811, 1,741, 43,258, 14,675, 4,137 [4 ],, ,, [5 ] 1904,,,, 1904, [6 ] ( : )? : (1),,,, : 1, 455, , ; [7 ] (2),, ; (3),,, :,, 19,, ,,,,,,, ,, 1899, 1901,,,, 1904,,, :,,,,, [8 ],, ( ),,,,, 3, [9 ],,,,,,, 54

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7 , 1874 [29 ], , (Coolie) ( Indentured Labor),,,,,,,, , 214, [30 ],,,,, 1910, 1, 862 [31 ], : , 1, 500 ; 23, 247, 825 [32 ],,,, 6!,,, ;,,,,,,, 12 [33 ],,, , 353 [34 ],, 20,,,,, 1904, [35 ],, :,,,,,,,, :, ( ),, 58

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10 19 70,,,,, 1886,,,,,, [55 ], 1906, (Leung Quinn), [56 ] :,,, ;, , 35 % ; [57 ], 1859,,,, 5,,, 25 60,,,,,,, :,,, [58 ],,, [59 ],,,,,,,, 3.? :,,,,,, 1904, 61

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14 [ ] [ 1 ]. [A ]. [ C]. :, [ 2 ]. [M]. :, [ 3 ]. [M]. :, [ 4 ]. [M]. :, [ 5 ] Peter Richardson, Chinese Mine Labour in the Transvaal, The Macmillan Press LTD, 1982, p. 78. [ 6 ]. [M]. :, [ 7 ] Peter Richardson, Chinese Mine Labour in the Transvaal, p. 77. [ 8 ] [N ]. [ ], ( ) [ Z]. :, [ 9 ]. ( ) [10 ] [11 ].. [M]. :, [12 ]. [M]. :, [13 ] [14 ] [15 ] [16 ] Reports of the Chamber of Mines of the ZAR and the Transvaal Chamber of Mines, , extract2 ed from Yap, Melanie, And Dianne Leong Man, Colour, Confusion and Concession : The History of the Chinese in South Africa, Hong Kong University Press, 1996, p [ 17 ] Peter Richardson, Chinese Mine Labour in the Transvaal, p. 16. [18 ] English Eye Witness : John Chinaman on the Rand, [19 ]. [J ]., 1983, ( 3) : 180. [20 ] :,, ( ),, ( ),, ( ),. [M] [21 ]. [ Z]. :, [ 22 ] Yap, Melanie, and Dianne Leong Man, Colour, Confusion and Concession : The History of the Chi2 nese in South Africa, Hong Kong University Press, 1996, p [23 ] [ A ] [24 ]. [ A ] [25 ] [N]., 1904, (82). [26 ]. ( 8 ) [A ] [27 ] [28 ] [29 ] [30 ] [ 31 ] Peter Richardson, Chinese Mine Labour in the Transvaal, p ( :, ) [32 ] [33 ]. [M]., [34 ] [35 ] English Eye Witness : John Chinaman on the Rand, p [36 ]. [A] [37 ] English Eye Witness : John Chinaman on the Rand, p

15 [38 ] [N]., (82). [39 ] [ ]. [M]. :, [40 ]. [ C]. :, [41 ] [42 ] [43 ] [A] [44 ] [A ]., [45 ] [ A ] [46 ] [N]., 3 6. [47 ] English Eye Witness : John Chinaman on the Rand, p [48 ] [49 ] English Eye Witness : John Chinaman on the Rand, p [50 ] [51 ]. [M]., [52 ] [53 ]. [ Z]., 17. [54 ] [55 ] [56 ] [57 ] [58 ]. [ C]., [59 ] [60 ] [61 ] English Eye Witness : John Chinaman on the Rand, p [62 ] English Eye Witness : John Chinaman on the Rand, p [63 ]. 1, 79. [64 ] English Eye Witness : John Chinaman on the Rand, p [65 ] [ A ]. cd , [ 66 ] Peter Richardson, Chinese Mine Labour in the Transvaal, p [67 ] Mervis, The fourth estate, P. 24, quoting from Yap, Melanie, and Dianne Leong Man, Colour, Confusion and Concession : The History of the Chi2 nese in South Africa, p [68 ] P. ( ) [J ]., (22), [69 ] [70 ] 1905 [71 ] [72 ] [73 ] [75 ] [76 ] Yap, Melanie, and Dianne Leong Man Colour, Confusion and Concession : The History of the Chinese in South Africa, p [74 ] [77 ] [78 ]. [M].,

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,,,,, 1970,,, ( ), ( ),,, ( ) ( ),,, ( ) ( ),,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,, (, ),,, :,,,,,,,, 64, 1970,, 2002 12 4 Overseas Chinese History Studies Dec., 2002 No. 4 (1980 2000) 3 1 2 (11 ; 21, 100007) [ ] ; ; ; ; [ ] 65, [ ] D634135 [ ] A [ ] 1002-5162 (2002) 04-0063 - 14 Chinese community associations in