* UNDP 2011 2002 2008 Volunteering Australia 2009 2005 * 10 94
10 20 60 2009 Schwartz 1973 1. 2. 3. Banks 1997 Rochon 1999 Wilson & Musick 1997 Herzog et al. 1989 McAdam 1989 Smith 95
2012. 5 1994 Wilson & Janoski 1995 Grube & Piliavin 2000 Clary et al. 1996 2009 2004 2011 1 2 96
1 2 1. Sundeen & Raskoff 1995 1 1 97
2012. 5 2. Brady et al. 1995 Herzog et al. 1989 2 2. 1 2. 2 3. Smith 1994 3 3. 1 3. 2 3. 3 3. 4 4. 4 98
4. 1 4. 2 5. Grube & Piliavin 2000 5 5. 1 5. 2 6. Clary & Miller 1986 6 6. 1 6. 2 7. Sundeen & Raskoff 1994 7 7 99
2012. 5 1. 8 8. 1 8. 2 8. 3 2. 9 9. 1 9. 2 2009 2011 34 12 2011 11 10 1000 1 1 10 100
10 4 4 5 10 2010-2011 2011 4-6 25-35 20-25 20-25 100 10 2010-2011 4 952 48 446 247 211 101
2012. 5 5 = 1 = 2 = 3 = 4 = 0= 1 586 Stata 11 McCullagh & Nelder 1989 Agresti 2002 Y M i Xi yi j Pr y i j X i = p i 1 + p 1 2 + + p i j i = 1 2 n j = 1 2 m m = 4 102
p ( i ) g x = ln j = α j + β k X k i + μ j 1 - p i j i = 1 2 n i = 1 2 m - 1 m = 4 k = 1 2 k μ j logistic distribution K β 1 β 2 β k m - 1 cuts α 1 α 2 α m - 2 Stata 11 Stata Corp 2009 1268 Pr y i j = Pr α m-1 < β 1 x 1 i + β 2 x 2 i + + β k x k i + μ k < α m β k k y i β k < 0 k y i 1 2. 5 150 31. 57% 40. 5% 12. 0% 31. 5% 10 103
2012. 5 1 3. 235. 880 1 4 2. 926. 966 1 4. 684. 465 0 1 vs.. 542. 498 0 1 / 10. 23 11. 07 0 100. 158. 365 0 1. 224. 417 0 1. 116. 320 0 1. 192. 394 0 1. 279. 449 0 1. 062. 241 0 1. 242. 428 0 1. 063. 243 0 1. 469. 349 0 1. 606. 489 0 1 2. 393 1. 507 0 4 3. 127 8. 618. 009 58. 185. 526 1. 699 0 20 5. 647 1. 222 1 7 5. 275 1. 314 1 7 10. 921 2. 193 4 14 5. 436 1. 291 1 7. 305. 461 0 1. 405. 491 0 1. 289. 453 0 1. 539. 499 0 1. 098. 298 0 1. 363. 481 0 1. 120. 325 0 1. 315. 465 0 1 104
1 NGO. 090. 286 0 1. 145. 352 0 1. 096. 295 0 1. 333. 472 0 1. 039. 193 0 1. 400. 490 0 1. 132. 339 0 1. 061. 239 0 1. 375. 485 0 1. 289. 454 0 1. 275. 447 0 1. 631. 483 0 1. 136. 343 0 1. 134. 341 0 1. 032. 177 0 1. 045. 207 0 1. 021. 145 0 1. 356. 250 0 1. 663. 473 0 1 2. 459 5. 812 1 150 2 6 105
2012. 5 106
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2012. 5 1. 1 1 2. 2 2. 1 2. 3. 2 3. 3 3. 4 3. 1 3. 4. 1 1 d 4. 2 4. 5. 1 5. 2 5. 1 Stata Corp 2009 1270 110
6. 1 1 f 6. 2 6. 7 3 1. 8. 1 2. 8. 2 111
2012. 5 3 2 a 2 b 2 c 2 d. 727 *. 876 * 1. 509 ** 1. 543 ** NGO / 2. 02 2. 10 2. 67 2. 67 1. 570 *** 2. 241 *** 2. 613 *** 2. 652 *** 3. 90 5. 29 4. 99 4. 40-3. 322 *** - 3. 486 ** - 3. 853 ** vs. 3. 19 2. 95 3. 02-4. 159 *** - 4. 438 *** - 5. 165 *** vs. 3. 65 3. 41 3. 67-4. 405 *** - 5. 134 *** - 6. 280 *** vs. 4. 24 4. 32 4. 66-3. 770 *** - 4. 038 *** - 5. 169 *** vs. 3. 51 3. 35 3. 82-1. 232 ** - 1. 274 ** vs. 3. 05 2. 83-7. 176 *** - 7. 319 *** vs. 5. 76 5. 44 -. 038 -. 420 vs.. 04. 40-2. 710 *** - 2. 530 *** vs. 3. 44 3. 22 2. 006 vs. 1. 81. 280 ** 2. 85-2. 404 *** 3. 71. 594 * 2. 02 112
3 2 a 2 b 2 c 2 d - 1. 175 * - 1. 233 * - 1. 082-1. 488 vs. 2. 01 2. 03 1. 43 1. 77-1. 112-1. 096 -. 472-1. 116 vs. 1. 89 1. 78. 60 1. 27-1. 247 ** - 1. 240-1. 496-2. 245 * vs. 2. 09 1. 95 1. 87 2. 53. 047 ***. 053 ***. 039. 025 3. 68 3. 58 1. 92 1. 42. 002 **. 003 ***. 014 ***. 014 *** 3. 17 3. 85 6. 03 5. 93 N R 2 0. 662 ** 0. 704 ** 1. 073 *** 1. 024 ** vs. 3. 08 2. 95 3. 32 2. 90. 399 ** 3. 854 *** 3. 940 ** 5. 439 ***. 67 3. 25 2. 88 3. 32 543 542 539 514. 1467. 2438. 4164. 4634 1 t - 2 p < 0. 10 * p < 0. 05 ** p < 0. 01 *** p < 0. 001 3. 8. 3 4. 113
2012. 5 9. 1 9. 2 114
J T 115
2012. 5 L 2009 JC 2011 1-2 R TXZ NGO 2005 116
2011 6 2004 3 2002 2 2009 1752 4 2005 3 2008 1 2009 4 Agresti Allan 2002 Categorical Data Analysis 2nd Edition. New York John Wiley and Sons. Banks E. 1997 The Social Capital of Self-help Mutual Aid Groups. Social Policy 28. Brady H. S. Verba & K. L. Schlozman 1995 Beyond SES A Resource Model of Political Participation. Ameican Political Science Review 89. Clary G. & J. Miller 1986 Socialization and Situational Influences on Sustained Altruism. Child Development 57. Clary E. M. Snyder & A. Stukas 1996 Volunteers' Motivations findings From A National Survey. Nonprofit Voluntary Sector Quarterly 25. Grube J. & J. Piliavin 2000 Role Identity Organizational Experiences and Volunteer Performance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 26. 117
2012. 5 Herzog Kahn Morgan Jackson & Antonucci 1989 Age Differences in Productive Activities. Journal of Gerontology Social Sciences 44 Supp.. Hodgkinson V. & M. Weitzman 1996 Giving and Volunteering in the United States. Washington D. C Independent Sector McAdam Doug 1989 The Biographical Consequences of Activism. American Sociological Review 54. McCullagh Peter & John Nelder 1989 Generalized Linear Model 2nd Edition. Boca Raton Chapman and Hall. Rochon T. 1999 Culture Moves Ideas Activism and Changing Values. Princeton NJ Princeton University Press. Stata Corp 2009 Stata Base Reference Manual vol. 2 I-P. College Station TX Stata Press. Schwartz S. H. 1973 Normative Explanations of Helping Behavior A Critique Proposal and Empirical Test. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 9. Smith D. 1994 Determinants of Voluntary Association Participation and Volunteering. Nonprofit Voluntary Sector Quarterly 23. Sundeen R. & S. Raskoff 1994 Volunteering Among Teenagers in The United States. Nonprofit Voluntary Sector Quarterly 23. Sundeen R. & S. Raskoff 1995 Teenage Volunteers and Their Values. Nonprofit Voluntary Sector Quarterly 24. UNDP 2011 State of Volunteerism in China http / /www. unv. org /fileadmin /docdb /pdf /2011 /corporate /China% 20Volunteer% 20T2011_English. pdf. Volunteering Australia 2009 National Survey of Volunteering Issues http / /www. volunteeringaustralia. org /files /CFBMHJNYX5 /FINAL_National_Survey_of_Vol unteering_issues. pdf. Wilson J. & M. Musick 1997 Who Cares Toward An Integrated Theory of Volunteer Work. American Sociological Review 62. Wilson J. & T. Janoski 1995 The Contribution of Religion to Volunteer Work. Sociology of Religion 56. 118