移動動詞 verb of motion 知覺動詞 verb of feeling 分離動詞 verb of separating 怕之動詞 verb of fearing 說之動詞 verb of saying 疑問動詞 verb of doubting 語態 voice 主動語態 active v

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1 Termini Grammatici 語法專用詞 ** 字母 letter 元音 voiced letter 輔音 consonant letter 音量 vowel length 長元音 long vowel 短元音 short vowel 音節 syllable 音節之長短 quantity of syllable 長音節 long syllable 短音節 short syllable 末音節 last syllable 倒數第二音節 syllable next to last, penult syllable 倒數第三音節 antepenult syllable 重音 accent ** 詞 word 詞根 root 詞幹 stem 詞尾 ending 前綴 prefix 後綴 suffix 詞組 phrase 句法 syntax 語法 grammar 略語 abbreviation ** A 詞類 parts of speech 動詞 verb 名詞 noun 代詞 pronoun 形容詞 adjective 副詞 adverb 前詞 preposition 連詞 conjunction 歎詞 interjection * 動詞 verb 變位法 conjugation ( 性質 ) 外動動詞 transitive verb 內動動詞 intransitive verb 主動動詞 active verb 受動動詞 passive verb 助動詞 auxiliary verb ( 結構 ) 異態動詞 deponent verb 半異態動詞 Semi-deponent verb 例外動詞 anomalous verb 合成動詞 compound verb 不全動詞 defective verb ( 功能 ) 有定動詞 finite verb 無定動詞 infinitive verb 無位動詞 impersonal verb 漸成動詞 inchoative verb 情意動詞 attentive verb ( 意義 ) 請求動詞 verb of petition 命令動詞 verb of commanding

2 移動動詞 verb of motion 知覺動詞 verb of feeling 分離動詞 verb of separating 怕之動詞 verb of fearing 說之動詞 verb of saying 疑問動詞 verb of doubting 語態 voice 主動語態 active voice 被動語態 passive voice 語氣 mood 無定語氣 infinitive mood 命令語氣 imperative mood 直述語氣 indicative mood 情意語氣 subjunctive mood 時 tense 現在時 present tense 將來時 future tense 常過時 imperfect tense 全過時 perfect tense 未過時 future perfect tense 先過時 pluperfect tense 敍述之時 historic tense 已過之時 past tense 相對之時 relative tense 時態序列 sequence of tenses 位 person 第一位 first person 第二位 second person 第三位 third person 數 number 單數 singular number 複數 plural number 分詞 participle 獨立分詞 absolute participle 依賴分詞 joined participle 現主分詞 active present participle 將主分詞 active future participle 全被分詞 passive perfect participle 將被分詞 passive future participle 動名詞 gerund 屬格動名 genitive gerund 與格動名 dative gerund 賓格動名 accusative gerund 奪格動名 ablative gerund 目的動名詞 supine 賓格目動名 accusative supine 奪格目動名 ablative supine * 名詞 substantive noun ( 性質 ) 固有名詞 proper noun 抽象名詞 abstract noun 集合名詞 collective noun 同屬名詞 common noun 具體名詞 concrete noun ( 意義 ) 群眾之名詞 noun of group 多寡之名詞 noun of quantity 度量之名詞 noun of measure 物質之名詞 noun of materail things 生物之名詞 noun of living things 類屬 gender 陰類 feminine gender 陽類 masculine gender 無類 neuter gender 格 case 變格法 declension 呼格 vocative 主格 nominative 屬格 genitive 與格 dative 賓格 accusative 奪格 ablative 正格 direct case 偏格 oblique case

3 主語屬格 subjective genitive 賓語屬格 objective genitive 全體屬格 genitive of the whole 分段屬格 partitive genitive 物主屬格 possessive genitive 主動屬格 genitive of agent 價值屬格 genitive of price 優劣屬格 genitive of quality 與格 dativus 得益與格 dative of advantage 得損與格 dative of disadvantage 意向與格 final dative 物主與格 dative indicating possessor 賓格 accusative 伸延賓格 accusative of extent of action 奪格 ablative case 時候奪格 ablative of time 地方奪格 ablative of place 由來奪格 ablative of origin 工具奪格 ablative of means 形態奪格 ablative of manner 主動奪格 ablative of agent 緣何奪格 ablative of cause 比較奪格 ablative of comparison 限制奪格 ablative of respect or limitation 分離奪格 ablative of separation 比量奪格 ablative of difference or measure 價值奪格 ablative of price 優劣奪格 ablative of quality or description * 代詞 pronoun 人位代詞 personal pronoun 物主代詞 possessive pronoun 反射代詞 reflexive pronoun 指示代詞 demonstrative pronoun 連上代詞 relative pronoun 疑問代詞 interrogative pronoun 相應代詞 correlative pronoun 泛稱代詞 indefinite pronoun * 形容詞 adjective 平比級形容詞 positive degree adjective 比較級形容詞 comparative degree adjective 極比級形容詞 superlative degree adjective 多寡之形容詞 adjective of quantity 動形容詞 adjective formed from verbs 形容代詞 adjective used as noun * 數詞 numeral 基數 cardinal number 序數 ordinal number 分數 distributive number 倍數 multiplicative number 次數副詞 numeral adverb * 前詞 preposition * 副詞 adverb ( 結構 ) 原形副詞 primitive adverb 轉化副詞 derived adverb ( 功能 )

4 無限定副詞 indefinite adverb 疑問副詞 interrogative adverb 多寡副詞 adverb of quantity 代名副詞 pronominal adverb 連上副詞 relative adverb 詢問質詞 interrogative particle 否定質詞 negative particle * 連詞 conjunction ( 性質 ) 同等連詞 coordinating conjunction 異等連詞 subordinating conjunction ( 功能 ) 聯合連詞 copulative conjunction 分斷連詞 disjunctive conjunction 反對連詞 adversative conjunction 時候連詞 temporal conjunction 比較連詞 comparative conjunction 讓步連詞 concessive conjunction 條件連詞 conditional conjunction 緣何連詞 causal conjunction 意向連詞 final conjunction 結論連詞 conclusive conjunction 效果連詞 consecutive conjunction * 歎詞 interjection ** B 語類 parts of sentence * 主語 subject 無人位主語 impersonal subject * 謂語 predicate * 賓語 object 直接賓語 direct object 間接賓語 indirect object 內在賓語 internal object * 定語 attribute 主動定語 attribute of agent 物主定語 attribute of possession 全體定語 attribute of partitive 解說定語 explicative attribute 優劣定語 attribute of quality * 狀語 adverbiale * 表語 praedicativum ** C 句類 sentence * 說法直接說法 direct speech 間接說法 indirect speech * 詞組主格無定語氣詞組 nominative with infinitive 賓格無定語氣詞組 accusative with infinitive 獨立奪格詞組 absolute ablative

5 * 句 ( 結構 ) 簡句 abbreviated sentence 單句 simple sentence 複句 compound sentence 主句 principal sentence 從句 subordinate sentence 前句 antecedent sentence 後句 consequent sentence 中句 intermediate sentence 接句 conjunctive sentence 獨立句 independent sentence 依賴句 dependent sentence ( 性質 ) 內在依賴句 internally dependent sentence 連上句 relative sentence 依賴句 sentence within parentheses 無定語氣句 infinitive sentence 分詞句 participial sentence 將被分詞句 gerundive sentence 動名詞句 gerund sentence 目動名詞句 supine sentence ( 功能 ) 主語句 subjective sentence 屬語句 objective sentence t 副語句 adverbial sentence 定語句 attributive sentence 直述句 indicative sentence 情意句 affective sentence 肯定句 affirmative sentence 廣單句 amplified sentence ( 意義 ) 緣何句 causal sentence 比較句 comparative sentence 准許句 concessive sentence 情意句 sentence in the subjunctive 效果句 consecutive sentence 疑問句 dubitative sentence 評論句 declaratory sentence 意向句 final sentence 勸勉句 hortatory sentence 命令句 imperative sentence 虛事句 sentence contrary to fact 限制句 limiting sentence 比量句 sentence of measure 形態句 sentence of mood 否定句 negative sentence 願望句 optative sentence 可能句 potential sentence 禁令句 prohibiting sentence 實事句 real sentence 主要句 governing sentence 演說句 rhetorical sentence 時候句 temporal sentence 條件句 conditional sentence - 實事條件 fulfilled condition - 可能條件 condition may be fulfilled - 虛擬條件 unfulfilled condition 問句 question - 單問句 simple question - 雙問句 double question - 直接問句 direct question - 間接問句 indirect question - 疑惑問句 dubitative question - 演說問句 rhetorical question

6 ** 簡稱 ** * 語氣無定語氣現主無 active infinitive present 全主無 active infinitive perfect 將主無 active infinitive future 現被無 passive infinitive present 全被無 passive infinitive present 將被無 passive infinitive present 命令語氣現主命 active imperative present 直述語氣現主直 active indicative present 將主直 active indicative future 常主直 active indicative imperfect 全主直 active indicative perfect 未主直 active indicative future perfect 先主直 active indicative pluperfect 現被直 passive indicative present 將被直 passive indicative future 常被直 passive indicative imperfect 全被直 passive indicative perfect 未被直 passive indicative future perfect 先被直 passive indicative pluperfect 情意語氣現主情 active subjunctive present 全主情 active subjunctive perfect 常主情 active subjunctive imperfect 先主情 active subjunctive pluperfect 現被情 passive subjunctive present 全被情 passive subjunctive perfect 常被情 passive subjunctive imperfect 先被情 passive subjunctive pluperfect

7 * 分詞動名詞目的動名詞分詞現主分詞 active present participle 將主分詞 active future participle 全被分詞 passive perfect participle 將被分詞 passive future participle 動名詞屬格動名 genitive gerund 與格動名 dative gerund 賓格動名 accusative gerund 奪格動名 ablative gerund 目的動名詞賓格目動名 accusative supine 奪格目動名 ablative supine * 名詞形容詞單呼陽 singular vocative masculine 單主陽 singular nominative masculine 單屬陽 singular genitive masculine 單與陽 singular dative masculine 單賓陽 singular accusative masculine 單奪陽 singular ablative masculine 複呼陽 plural vocative masculine 複主陽 plural nominative masculine 複屬陽 plural genitive masculine 複與陽 plural dative masculine 複賓陽 plural accusative masculine 複奪陽 plural ablative masculine 單呼陰 singular vocative feminine 單主陰 singular nominative feminine 單屬陰 singular genitive feminine 單與陰 singular dative feminine 單賓陰 singular accusative feminine 單奪陰 singular ablative feminine 複呼陰 plural vocative feminine 複主陰 plural nominative feminine

8 複屬陰 plural genitive feminine 複與陰 plural dative feminine 複賓陰 plural accusative feminine 複奪陰 plural ablative feminine 單呼無 singular vocative neuter 單主無 singular nominative neuter 單屬無 singular genitive neuter 單與無 singular dative neuter 單賓無 singular accusative neuter 單奪無 singular ablative neuter 複呼無 plural vocative neuter 複主無 plural nominative neuter 複屬無 plural genitive neuter 複與無 plural dative neuter 複賓無 plural accusative neuter 複奪無 plural ablative neuter

PHIL 2400

PHIL 2400 - Introductory Latin 拉丁入門 This course aims at introducing Latin as a tightly constructed language which has influenced the Western civilization for millennia. May 11- June 18, 2015 (Mondays and