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1 著作權屬於歡迎於網路上轉寄, 但禁止任何形式之商業用途九頁半文法通第一章第二章第三章第四章句子動詞單字專題 1.1 句子結構 1.2 子句 1.3 片語 1.4 疑問句 1.5 否定句 2.1 形式 2.2 時式 2.3 語態 2.4 語氣 2.5 動狀詞 2.6 助動詞 3.1 名詞 3.2 形容詞 3.3 代名詞 3.4 副詞 3.5 介系詞 3.6 連接詞 4.1 主詞與動詞一致性 4.2 所有格名詞與代名詞 4.3 開頭字 4.4 活用 that 4.5 比較結構 4.6 虛主詞 / 同位語 / 倒裝句第一章句子 (Sentences) 1.1 句子結構 (sentence structure) 簡單的說, 句子結構祇是主詞 (subject) 與述詞 (predicate) 而已, 主詞是句子要表達的事物, 而述詞就是句子其餘的部份再細分, 述詞含有動詞 (verb) 補語 (compliment) 修飾詞(modifiers) 因此, 具體詳細而言, 句子基本結構為主詞動詞補語修飾詞主詞就是句子的主角, 動詞描述主角是什麼或要做什麼, 補語補充動詞不足之處, 最常見的補語叫受詞 (object), 修飾詞則進一步說明時間地點狀態等一個句子中, 主詞一個, 動詞一個, 但動詞時式 (tenses) 有 12 種, 而主詞可以是複主詞 ( 幾個名詞加在一起 ), 或附帶修飾主詞之片語或子句共同構成瞭解基本句子結構後, 再進一步, 瞭解動詞方面的變化? 瞭解如何使主詞補語或修飾詞變複雜? 如何使句子變長? 疑問句的變化? 否定句的變化? 等 1. 用連接詞形容詞關係代名詞片語 -> 使主詞補語或修飾詞複雜 2. 用動詞時式語態語氣 -> 使動詞正確表達時間被動假設等概念 3. 用連接詞關系副詞關係代名詞 -> 使句子變長句子的型式 ( 主詞動詞位置的變化而已 ) 1. 肯定句型 (declarative sentences), 如前述之基本句子結構 2. 疑問句型 (question sentences), 兩種表達方式, 詳述於後 3. 否定句型 (negative sentences), 兩種表達方式, 詳述於後 4. 命令句型 (commands tell you what to do), 通常省略主詞 you, 直接以動詞開頭的句子, 例如 Stop! Sleep well! Enjoy your meal! Run! Wait up! Listen up! Open up!

2 Have a nice day. Take care. Give me that. Stop it. Keep of the grass. 5. 感歎句 (Exclamations), 例如 What a beautiful day! How smart the boy is! 6. 省略句, 通常用於會話, 例如 Scared? Who, me? Yeah, you? Course not? 祇有主詞動詞的句子, 例如 You stop., 祇有主詞動詞補語的句子, 例如 You are welcome., 簡單但主詞動詞補語修飾詞都有的句子, 例如 I love her so much., 再長些的句子, 祇是結構元素變複雜些而已, 例如 The value of this short introduction to English grammar( 主詞 ) cannot be appreciated( 動詞 ) enough( 補語 ) to anyone who has not been through the process( 修飾詞 ). 主詞的變化有名詞代名詞動名詞不定詞各類片語名詞子句等, 動詞的變化有動詞的 12 條時式, 補語的變化與主詞類似, 修飾詞的變化有副詞不定詞各類分詞各類片語形容詞子句副詞子句等除了這些基本句子元素的變換外, 句子任何地方, 都可以加上適當的修飾語句子既然以主詞為主, 我們聽讀說寫英文句子時, 當然就以主詞為主主詞的變化, 例如 Mr. Chang( 名詞 ) is a good teacher. He( 代名詞 ) is a good teacher. Teaching( 動名詞 ) is his job. To teach successfully( 不定詞片語 ) is his goal. How to teach successfully ( 子句 ) needs more attention. It( 虛主詞 ) is raining. There( 虛主詞 ) is an excellent teacher in this school. 讀長句子時, 如果能先確定主詞 ( 主詞可能很長 ) 及動詞 ( 動詞雖祇有一個, 但可能時式不同 ) 後, 則句子已然瞭解大部份了 1.2 子句 (clauses) 子句是一個有主詞及動詞的短句子 (a short sentence with its own subject and verb), 通常會將子句連成比較長的句子 (longer sentence) 1. 用連接詞 (conjunctions) 來連接, 例如 and, or, but, if, because 等 2. 用 that, when, where, how, why, who, which, what 等字連接 ( 第 4.4 活用 that) 1.3 片語 (phrases) 一些單字的組合, 本身沒有意義, 用來補充或修飾主詞動詞補語, 可以放入句子中任何有意義地方, 通常 (1) 當句子主角, 即主詞或補語, 放在主詞或補語的位置,(2) 當句子配角, 即修飾用, 放在被修飾主詞動詞或補語的後面片語種類區分有 1. 介系詞片語, 介系詞開頭, 例如 on the phone, above the sky 2. 動名詞片語, 動名詞開頭, 例如 working hard, driving a car 3. 不定詞片語, 不定詞開頭, 例如 to work hard, to drive a car 4. 過去分詞片語, 過去分詞開頭, 例如 a book titled ABC 5. 現在分詞片語 < 現在分詞開頭, 例如 being a teacher 以上分類是以片語結構角度來區分, 另外以片語用途角度, 當主詞或補語用, 就稱為名詞片語 ; 當形容詞用, 就稱為形容詞片語 ; 當副詞用,

3 就稱為副詞片語另外提示, 切勿混淆片語 (phrases) 與慣用語 (idioms) 1.4 疑問句 (question sentences) 疑問句有兩種表達方式 1.Yes/No 疑問句 ---> be 動詞主詞補語修飾詞?be 動詞有 am, are, is, were, was 例句如 Am I right? Are you OK? Is he friendly? Were you there yesterday? 2.Yes/No 疑問句 ---> 助動詞主詞動詞補語修飾詞? 助動詞有 do, does, did, can, could, will, would, shall, should, have, has, may 例句如 Do you understand me? Did you receive my letter? Can I ask you something? Have we met before? 3.Wh- 疑問句 ---> Wh- 詞 ( 主詞 ) 動詞補語修飾詞?(Wh- 詞本身是主詞 ) when, where, how, why, who, which, what, 例句如 What is the matter? Who did this? 4.Wh- 疑問句 ---> Wh- 詞助動詞主詞動詞補語修飾詞?(Wh- 詞本身不是主詞, 是疑問副詞 ) when, where, how, why, who, which, what, 例句如 Why are you looking sad? How much is it? Which do you like best? Who is it? 1.5 否定句 (negative sentences) 否定句有兩種表達方式 1. 主詞 be 動詞 +not 補語修飾詞, 例如 I am not his friend. It s not worth doing. 2. 主詞助動詞 +not 動詞補語修飾詞, 例如 I didn t tell him anything. 另外, 句型本身是肯定句, 但主詞動詞或受詞本身含有否定意思, 例如 Nothing has happened yet. No one came near. I never told him. I told him nothing. 第二章動詞 (Verbs) 多數動詞表達做什麼? 但有些表達是什麼? 及有什麼?(Most verbs are about doing certain things, but there are verbs about being and having certain things, as well.) 1. 做什麼的單字就是一般的動詞, 例如 throw, watch, see, hear 2. 是什麼的單字有 be, being, been, am, is, are, was, were 3. 有什麼的單字有 have, has, had, having 2.1 動詞形式 (forms) 動詞有許多不同形式, 例如原式 (base) 過去式(past) 過去分詞(past participle) 現在分詞 (present participle) 1. 規則變化 (regular), 單純加上 -ed ( 過去式 ), -ed ( 過去分詞 ), -ing ( 現在分詞 ) 2. 如果單字字尾 -e 或 -y, 有規則變化, 例如 live/lived/lived/living, close/closed/ closed/closing, cry/cried/cried/crying, fly/flied/flied/flying,

4 3. 不規則 (irregular), 下表中的不規則動詞形式區分為四類, 務必強記 (1) 原形過去式與過去分詞都一樣的動詞, 例如 cut, put, shut, hit, split (2) 原形過去分詞一樣的動詞, 例如 come/came/come, run/ran/run (3) 過去式與過去分詞一樣的動詞, 例如 buy/bought/bought, tell/told/told, (4) 原形過去式與過去分詞都不一樣的動詞, 例如 go/went/gone, see/saw/seen, drive/drove/driven, begin/began/begun, fly/flew/flown grow/grew/grown 容意混淆出錯的動詞時式, 例如 find/found/found( 發現 ), found/founded/founded( 創立 ) hanw/hung/hung( 懸掛 ), hang/hanged/hanged( 吊 ) lie/lied/lied( 說謊 ), lie/lay/lain( 躺下 ), lay/laid/laid( 放置 ) wind/wound/wound( 纏繞 ), wound/wounded/wounded( 受傷 ) 2.2 動詞時式 (tense) 動詞時式是關於時間的表達 (Tense is about time : past, present, and future.) 1. 過去式, 例句如 He went out.( 他出去了 ) Long time ago, there was no king in Britain.( 用於說故事 ) He was right. You were wrong. 2. 過去進行式, 過去正在進行的事情, 所以通常情況不多, 例句如 I was working in my office 4 PM yesterday.( 昨天下午四點, 我正在辦公室工作 ) 2. 現在式, 與時間無關的事, 例如現象或評論事情, 例句如 He is not in.( 他不在 ) I am mad.( 我生氣了 ) You speak good English. They are good friends. I like it. 4. 現在進行式, 現在正在進行, 例句如 He is walking toward us.( 他正向我們走過來 ) I m working on that. I am telling the truth. I m not going anywhere. I m kidding. 5. 未來式, 例句如 We will go out for dinner tonight.( 今天晚上我們會外出吃晚餐 ) He will be OK. 但有例外如 Yes, I will.( 我願意 ) I won t do that.( 我不願意做 ) 6. 未來進行式, 例句如 We will be going for a trip this summer.( 這個夏天我們會去旅行 ) We will be doing some maintenance from 09:00A.M. to 17:00P.M. tomorrow. 7. 現在完成式, 例句如 He has already decided to do it.( 他已經決定要做了 ) I have made up my mind. Have we met before? Have you been in New York before? 8. 現在完成進行式, 例句如 He has always been complaining about this.( 他一直在抱怨此事 ) I have been doing a lot of thinking. I have been looking everywhere for you. 動詞時式有 12 種, 上述僅 8 種, 另外 4 種很少用 ; 上述 8 種動詞時式例句, 其中 4 種為進行式, 請讀者細心體會 ; 要學會配合時間概念造句, 舉一反三, 文法中動詞時式的名稱, 則無需記憶 2.3 動詞語態 (voice) 動詞語態區分為主動語態 (active) 與被動語態 (passive), 被動語態就是中文被的意思, 祇要在動詞過去分詞前加上 am, is, was, were, have been, has been, had been 等, 就 OK 了被動語態用來突顯句子要表達的重點, 當主詞是非動作的

5 實現者 ( 即人名或人稱代名詞 ) 時, 動詞就用被動式語態 2.4 動詞語氣 (mood) 動詞語氣區分為直說 (indicative) 命令(imperative) 與假設(subjunctive) 三種其中, 假設語氣是要表達過去的, 已知的, 與事實不符的事情, 通常用在後悔反諷或設身處地的意見表達, 例如 I wish I could help.( 希望幫得上忙, 但意思是幫不上忙 ),If I were you, I wouldn t do it. ( 如果我是你, 我就不會做 ),If I had listened to you, I wouldn t have made that mistake. ( 如果我聽了你的話, 我就不會犯那樣的錯誤 ) I wish I married her.( 我希望當年娶的是她 ) If I had a million dollars, I d buy you a house.( 如果我有一百萬, 我就買棟房子給妳 ) I wish I can marry her. 非假設與氣, 而是 ( 我希望我將來能娶到她 ) 2.5 動狀詞 (verbals) 顧名思意, 動狀詞是具備動詞的形狀, 但不是動詞動狀詞有三種 : 動名詞 (gerund) 不定詞(infinitive) 分詞(participle), 其中分詞再分為過去分詞與現在分詞, 而現在分詞與動名詞形式上昿完全一樣的動狀詞有什麼作用? 1. 一個句子中, 祇能有一個動詞, 表達出主要的意思, 如果還有次要意義要表達, 第二個動詞就要變形為動狀詞, 例如 I like swimming. I decided to study law., 致於動詞之後的動狀詞要接動名詞或不定詞, 要依據第一個動詞的意義? 2. 有些意義, 英文中祇有動詞, 沒有名詞形容詞或副詞, 如果要表達這些意思, 就使用動狀詞, 用來當作名詞形容詞副詞, 例如 Seeing is believing. 一個句子有兩個動詞是常見錯誤, 例如我是喜歡妳 I am like you. 應該是 I like you., 我喜歡打籃球 I like play basketball. 應該是 I like playing basketball. 2.6 助動詞 (auxiliary verbs) 助動詞有 do, does, did, can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might 等, 用來配合 been, am, is, are, was, were, have, has, had 等, 幫助動詞在否定句疑問句及句子時式等形式的句子中, 表達更精確的意思常見錯誤例如, 你是那裡人 Where are you come from? 應該是 Where did you come from? 或 Where are you from? 第三章單字 (Words) 單字分類 (Word classes) 在文法上稱為詞類 (Parts of Speech), 通常分為八大詞類 : 名詞代名詞形容詞副詞介系詞動詞連接詞感歎詞 3.1 名詞 (nouns)

6 單數 (singular) 與複數 (plural) (1) 規則 (regular) 複數 -s 或 -es, 例如 dog/dogs, table/tables, base/bases (2) 不規 (irregular) 複數, 例如 man/men, goose/geese, mouse/mice, sheep/sheep (3) 特別複數, 例如 scissors, trousers, cattle, gymnastics 名詞之分類 1. 普通 (common) 與專有 (proper) 名詞, 例如 tree, animal, John, America, Sunday 2. 可數 (countable) 與不可數 (uncountable) 名詞, 例如 chair, bread / butter, water 3. 有形 (visible) 與無形 (invisible/abstract) 名詞, 例如 danger, fear, speed, fun, luck 4. 集合 (collective) 名詞, 例如 party, family, people, class, a flock of sheep 3.2 形容詞 (adjectives) 用來給予名詞資訊 (used to give many sorts of information about nouns), 分類例如, 大小 large, small, big, 形狀 round, square, floppy, 顏色 yellow, red, white, 感覺 cold, wet, happy, sad, 一般情況 good, bad, strange, dangerous, secret, beautiful 形容詞與名詞配合, 在句中的位置有 1. 放在 nouns 之前, 例如 a wet cloth, a cold morning, 2. 可以連續多個, 例如 a bright, warm, spring morning 3. 也可以放在 nouns or linking verb 之後, 例如 You look sad. 或 Today is cold. 4. 如須需一步加強形容, 就用副詞 (adverbs), 例如加強形容天氣有 very hot, terribly cold, quite warm, really windy 等比較 (compare) 事物的形容詞區分為比較級 (comparative) 與最高級 (superlative) 1. 規則形式 (regular) 一般為加上 -er 及 -est, 例如 warm /warmer /warmest, 但如遇字尾是子音 +y, 則改為 -ier 及 -iest, 例如 heavy/ heavier/ heaviest 2. 不規則形式 (irregular) 如 far/ further/ furthest, good/ better/ best, bad/ worse/ worst, late/ later/ latest, late/ latter/ last, many/ more/ most, much/more /most 3. 通常長音節的單字, 本身沒有形容詞之比較級與朐高級, 而是用 more 及 most, 例如 more difficult/ most difficult, more dangerous/ most dangerous 等 3.3 代名詞 (pronouns) 代名詞可以具備任何意義 (They can mean almost anything), 因此, 讀到代名詞時, 要清礎知道該代名詞代替什麼意思 (When you see a pronoun in a sentence, you must make it clear what, or who, it does mean.), 或代替文章中那個名詞? 代名詞之分類 1. 人稱代名詞 (personal), 區分為主格與受格, 例如 I/me( 我 ), we/us( 我們 ), you/you ( 你 ), you/you( 你們 ), he/him( 他 ), she/her( 她 ), they/them( 他們 ) 2. 指示代名詞 (demonstrative), 例如 this, that( 單數 ), these, those( 複數 ), 例句如 This is my car. This car is mine. That will be fine. That s OK. What s that? 3. 不定代名詞 (indefinite), 例如 it, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, ever, none,

7 everything, nothing, somebody, someone, something, 例句如 Anyone can do it. 4. 疑問代名詞 (interrogative, ask questions), 例如 when, where, who, whose, which, what 等, 例句如 Who is it? Whose car is this? Which do you want? 5. 關係代名詞 (relative), 例如 that, when, where, who, which, what, 例句如 The problem is that I can t do it. I am the man who called you yesterday. 與句子結構相關的代名詞有 : 疑問代名詞與關係代名詞 3.4 副詞 (adverbs) 副詞用來進一步表達事情的發生 (are used to say how, when, or where something happens), 配合形容詞及動詞使用, 通常放在形容詞之前, 動詞之後副詞的形成與用處 1. 多數副詞是由形容詞後加上 -ly 而成, 例如 loud/loudly, bad/badly 2. 有些單字本身就是副詞, 例如 soon, fast, very, together 3. 有些形容詞, 變成副詞後, 意義有變, 例如 lately( 最近 ), hardly( 幾乎不 ) 4. 副詞與形容詞一起使用, 例如 more beautiful, most beautiful, always late, very good, less expensive, quite calm, too fast, absolutely welcome 5. 副詞與動詞一起使用, 例如 drive carefully, walk fast, sleep well 與句子結構相關的副詞有 1. 關係副詞 (relative) 用於加長句子, 例如 when, where, why, whenever, wherever 2. 連接副詞 (conjunction) 用於加長句子, 例如 however, therefore, otherwise 3. 相關副詞 (correlative) 用於加長句子, 例如 as as, the the 4. 疑問副詞 (interrogative) 用於問句, 例如 when, where, how, why 請注意, 疑問副詞疑問代名詞關係代名詞三者的單字差不多 3.5 介系詞 (preposition) 介系詞僅用來表達事物的位置與去向 (are used to do with the position things are in or the direction they re going.), 例如 in, on, under, over, by, from, to, with, beside, through, between, up, across, into, at, of 等有些介系詞容易與副詞混淆, 因為很多介系詞同時也是副詞, 例如 in, 當表達靜態的時空關係時, 它是介系詞, 但如果表達動態的時空關係時, 例如往內, 它是副詞例如 I live in Taipei. (in 是介係詞 ) Come in, please. (in 是副詞 ) 3.6 連接詞 (conjunctions) 連接詞用來連接單字片語或子句, 造出長一些的句子 (used to link up words, phrase, and clauses to build longer sentences.), 以最常見的 and 為例 1. 連接單字, 例如 Peter and I are good friends. She is beautiful and smart. 2. 連接片語, 例如 He is good at both playing music and singing songs. 3. 連接子句, 例如 He just came to say hello, and then he left.

8 連接詞之分類 1. 對等連接詞 (coordinate), 例如 and, or, but 等 2. 從屬連接詞 (subordinate), 例如 although, because, if, until, while, once 等 3. 片語連接詞 (phrase), 例如 as soon as, as long as, in addition 等 4. 相關連接詞 (correlative), 例如 not only but also, both and, either or, neither or, if then, whether or 第四章專題 4.1 主詞與動詞的一致性 (agreement of subject and verb) 許多語言中, 動詞都以不同形式配合不同主詞, 稱為一致性 (In many languages, the verb may change its form to suit different subjects. This is called agreement.) 人稱與動詞之一致性, 我 I am, I was, I have, I like, I liked, 你 You are, You were, You have, You like, You liked, 他 He/She/It is, He/She/It was, He/She/It has, He/She/It likes, He/She/It liked, 我們 We are, We were, We have, We like, We liked, 你們 You are, You were, We have, You like, You liked, 他們 They are, They were, They have, They like, They liked I, he, she, we, they 等一定是主詞, 而 me, him, her, us, them 則是句子中, 主詞以外的任何地方, 例如 You don t ask me. I ask you.; 如果兩個代名詞是主詞時, 要說 He and I are friends. 而不是 He and me are friends. 主詞是單數 (singular) 意義, 其動詞要用單數 (singular) 形式, 一些規則如 1. 主詞如果是 it, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, none, nothing, somebody, someone, something 等代名詞, 動詞使用單數形式 2. 用 and 連接成的複主詞, 如果意思上是兩個分開的主詞, 則動詞用複數, 例如 Peter and Susan are brother and sister.; 如果意思上是同一個主詞, 則動詞用單數, 例如 Ham and eggs is my favor breakfast.; 如果主詞前面有 each, every, no, such a 等修飾詞, 則動詞用單數, 例如 Every boy and girl has his own opinion. 3. 用 or, either or, neither nor 等連接的複主詞, 動詞配合最近的主詞, 例如 Either I or you are responsible for this. Either you or I am responsible for this. 4. 跟在主詞後面的片語子句或其他同位語, 皆與動詞形式無關, 例如 The study of several foreign languages is very difficult. This house, including all furniture, is for sale now. Peter, together with Susan, has decided to go abroad. 5. 有些與數量重量等相關的主詞, 其動詞形式用單數, 例如 Five hundred dollars is the most I can afford. Half of the members awree with me. The number of students of this school is only 100. 但 A number of students have passed this test. 則不同 6. 有些主詞是單數或複數, 意義上並不明確, 例如 team 這個字, 整體言, 是單

9 數, 個體言, 是複數, 所以 Our team is winning. 或 Our team are winning. 都可以 4.2 所有格名詞及代名詞 (possessive nouns and pronouns) 1. 使用 apostrophe 代表所有之含意, 早期英文是 es, 後來 e 消失了, 而以 apostrophe 取而代之 ; 如果是複數名詞,apostrophe 放在最後的 s 的後面 2. 當作名詞 (nouns) 的所有格代名詞有 mine, ours, yours, his, hers, theirs 3. 當作形容詞 (adjectives) 的所有格代名詞有 my, our, your, his, her, their, its 4.3 開頭字 (starters) 名詞前面通常需要其他單字配合, 有形容詞及開頭詞 (starters) 兩類, 最常用的開頭詞是 the, a, an, 文法上稱為冠詞 (articles), 規則如下 (1) 母音開頭的名詞前用 a, 例如 a bird, a boy, a book, a house, a university (2) 子音開頭的名詞前用 an, 例如 an apple, an hour, an umbrella (3) 特別指明某樣事物前加上 the, 例如 Did you see the letter that I sent you? (4) 最高級形容詞前面加上 the, 例如 He is the tallest boy in the class. 其他有用的開頭字有 ( 一般情況 ) this, that, these, those, ( 有關數量 ) all, some, several, many, much, any, no, every, each, either, neither, enough, such, more, most, few, little, ( 所有格式 ) my, your, her, his, our, their 4.4 活用 that that 在英文句子中, 幾乎無所不在, 其角色有 : 1. 當指示代名詞, 本身就可以是句子中的主詞或受詞, 句型 That VC, 例句 That is my car. That is what I meant. 句型 SV that, 例句 Look at that. Do you like that? 2. 當形容詞或副詞, 用來形容名詞, 也就是形容句子中的主詞或受詞, 句型 That noun VC, 例句 That car is mine. 句型 SV that noun, 例句 I like that car. 句型 SV that 形容詞, 例句 I couldn t wait that long. 3. 當關係代名詞, 用來補充敘述其前述詞, 因此,that 前面一定有一個名詞, 但 that 後面可以直接是一個動詞或另一個子句, 句型 SV noun that VC, 例句 It is a problem that is unsolvable. 句型 SV noun that SVC, 例句 It is a problem that nobody wants to touch. 4. 當關係副詞, 用來導引附屬子句, 可以看成是連接兩個子句的功能,that 前面可能有一個名詞或沒有名詞, 但 that 後面一定是另一個子句的主詞句型 SV noun that SVC, 例句 I believe him that he didn t cheat on the test. 句型 SV that SVC, 例句 The problem is that I can t do it. that 經常會被省略, 何時? 當 that 後面的子句很短時 The first city (that) I went abroad is New York.

10 似乎很複雜, 其實非也, 那就是, 怎麼用 that 都通, 祇要意思表達通順當 that 會用以後,when, where, how, why, who, which, what 就比較容易瞭解了 4.5 比較結構 1. 中文比, 英文是 -er than, 例如 Better than nothing. I am taller than him. His car is more expensive than mine.. 2. 中文愈愈, 英文是 the -er the -er, 例如 The more you give, the more you get. 3. 中文是幾倍, 英文是倍數 of 或倍數 as, 例如 He is twice of my age. This market is twice of that market. I have twice as much. 4. 中文與一樣, 英文是 as.. 形容詞..as, 例如 I ll be back as soon as possible. He is as tall as his father. Take as many as you want. 5. 中文最, 英文是 the -est, 例如 He is the tallest in the class. It s the worst movie I ever watched. I ll do my best. 4.6 虛主詞同位語倒裝句虛主詞 It 與 There 是代名詞, 當用在句子中當主詞時, 類似中文裡的虛字, 目的是使得說話順口, 或者是代替主詞以構成完整的句子結構, 例如 It s raining. It s wonderful. It s all right. It s great. Who is it? What time is it? There is a problem. There must be something wrong. There seems no way to solve it. 同位語 (Appositive) 是用來輔助解釋句子中某一個字, 通常是以逗號與句子的其他部份分開, 也就是以後面的名詞解釋前面的名詞, 例如 Mr. Zhang, the founder of the company, decided to sell his shares. 句子的結構原則上為主詞動詞的順序, 除了問句句型外, 假設語氣時, 也可將順序反過來成為動詞主詞, 也就是倒裝句, 例如 If I had listened to you, I wouldn t have made that mistake. 如果我聽了你的話, 我就不會犯錯了, 可倒裝成 Had I listened to you, I wouldn t have made that mistake. 筆者補充一句, 瞭解倒裝句, 應付考試即可, 如果作文, 倒裝幹嘛?

Microsoft Word - 第四組心得.doc

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