specific non-referential Chao 1968 Xu deictic 8 11 shared-knowledge anaphoric

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1 * DP 0. bare classifier phrase 1 indefinite definite B B-ClP B B identifiable generic B * 38

2 specific non-referential Chao 1968 Xu deictic 8 11 shared-knowledge anaphoric A B1 / B

3 / specific 17 A B 18 A B NP hot news B A B 18 A non-specific individual individual-level predicate 20 stage-level predicate 22 /

4 entity quantifier phrase

5 39 / * number phnase measure phnase /

6 /

7 76 3. B 3. 1 B A B A B B 86 * 87 * B 44

8 B 3. 2 B 92 k uai 44 k uo 5 93 t ian 44 t i 5 94 k 44 k 5 B a B o i n B B B B B B 瑏瑡 Chao 1968 Xu 1995 B B B 獉獉獉 NP

9 NP NP DP DP D ClP XP NumP NumP Num ClP XP B 瑏瑢 95 = discourse marker 96 a. b. 97 a. 98 a. b. b Schiffrin 1987 Fraser 1999 Blakemore 瑏瑣 B 46

10 B 瑏瑤 B B B B 4 referential non-referential identifiable non-identifiable specific non-specific generic individual / 9 10 B 1985 瑏瑡 2007 瑏瑢瑏瑣

11 瑏瑤 B B NP

12 Abney S The English Noun Phrase in its Sentential Aspect. Doctoral dissertation MIT. Artemis Alexiadou Liliane Haegeman Melita Stavrou 2007 Noun Phrase in the Generative Perspective. New York Walter de Gruyterco. Blakemore 2002 Relevance and Linguistic Meaning Cambridge University Press. Chao Yuenren 1968 A Grammar of Spoken Chinese. Berkeley University fo California Press. Chomsky N Lectures on Government and Binding The Pisa Lectures de Gruyter Mouton. Chen Ping 2004 Identifiability and Definiteness In Chinese Linguistics Fraser 1999 What are Discourse Markers Journal of Pragmatics 31. Huang C. -T. James Y. -H. Audrey Li Yafei Li 2008 The Syntax of Chinese Cambridge University Press. Schiffrin 1987 Discourse Markers Cambridge University Press. Xu Liejiong 1995 Definiteness Effect on Chinese Word Order Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale A4 gdhy2012@ 126. com

13 size is accounted for by its etymological meaning of possess. Key words you + quantative phrase informational focus focus marker LIU Tanzhou SHI Dingxu Bare classifier phrases in the Yantai dialect In Chinese southern dialects such as Wu and Yue bare classifier phrases are identifiable or definite when acting as subjects but in the northern dialects only demonstrative phrases are identifiable in the same position. However in the Yantai dialect a typical northern Mandarin dialect the bare classifier phrases are found to be used as subjects and have the similar referential and syntactic features as their counterparts in the Wu and Yue dialects. This paper illustrates their usages and proposes that they are used to express intense emotions and subjective evaluations. It also analyses the syntactic properties of the classifiers. It seems that ge has grammaticalized and become a discourse marker as well as an attributive marker. Key words bare classifier phrase ge attributives discourse marker subjectivity DP CHEN Zeping The sound changes and the synchronic system of the rhymes in the Fu'an Dialect This paper distinguishes two kinds of rhyme alternations which lead to sound changes in the Fu'an dialect alternations in terms of the tone types and ones that result from a systematic autoregulation. It also argues that analyses on the static rhyme system should be based on its synchronic behaviors. Key words Fu'an dialect rhyme phonology WANG Linhui The evolution of the yinping tone and the origin of the Tianjin dialect The value of the yinping tone in the Tianjin dialect differs from that in the surrounding dialects. By comparing it with those in some Shandong Hebei and Liaoning dialects this paper argues that the tone value of the yinping in the Tianjin dialect is affected by Shandong dialects. The sandhi value 213 of the yinping tone should be taken as the original value while the current tone value 31 is a sandhi of the yinping tone. It seems reasonable to claim that the substratum of the Tianjin dialect is a Hebei or Shangdong dialect which was prevailing in this region at an early stage and not an immigrant dialect. Key words Tianjin dialect yinping tone tone value evolution 96

A B A B S + V + Pt or Complement + Num-MP + O a b SVO c 2 9 * 10 * X Y

A B A B S + V + Pt or Complement + Num-MP + O a b SVO c 2 9 * 10 * X Y * / 1. 1 + + + 1 NPL + V + + NP A 1 B 5 2 6 3 7 4 8 * 1 2009. 10 557 24 2010 4 1996 2001 2001 2005 2006 2006 A B A B 2003 64 S + V + Pt or Complement + Num-MP + O a b SVO c 2 9 * 10 * 11 12 1. 2 1 + +