( CIP ) /,. :, ISBN R445 CI P ( 2005 ) : : http :/ / w ww.onbo

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2 ( CIP ) /,. :, ISBN R445 CI P ( 2005 ) : : press@onbook.com.cn http :/ / w ww.onbook.com.cn : / 16 : :409 : ISBN / R124 :32.00

3 1895 X, 1896 X,, 1969 Hounsfie1d ( CT ) 1973 Lauterbur ( MRI ),,, 1964,, CT,,, X,, CT MRI,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

4 X X x X x X 1

5 ,, X X X X x X Crohn 2

6 1 2 X X X X X X X X X X X X CT CT CT CT CT CT CT CT CT 3

7 CT CT CT CT CT CT CT CT CT CT MRI MRI MRI MRI MRI MRI MRI MRI MRI X CT ( MR) 4

8 (DSA) CT MRI DSA 5

9 X DSA CTMRI () 2. () 3. () 4. () 5. () 6. () 7. () 8. () 6

10 , 11,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,, (1 ),, ; ;, (2 ),,,,, (3 ),,, (4 ),,,, 1

11 ,,, (6 ),, 2

12 (1 ) (2 ) (3 ) (4 ) 1. (1 ) X CT MRI (2 ) (3 ) (4 ) X ( CR) DR: a. CR : CR X ( I P ),, /, X, I P b. CR : CR, ; X ; X CR ; CR X ; CR ; CR X ; CR X ; CR X ( PACS ) : a. PACS : PACS, b. PACS : PACS, ; ;, : CTDSAMRIECTDR, ( QC) (QA) ( RIS ) 3

13 PACS (5 ) 2. ( CR) CT MRI : (1 )? (2 )?? (3 ) 2. : CT DSACRPACS 4

14 X X 1. (1 ) X (2 ) X (3 ) (4 ) X 2. X 3. (1 ) :, (2 ) : (3 ) : X (4 ) : X (5 ) :, 4. (1 ) X (2 ) X (1 ) (2 )? ( ) (3 ) ( ) 5

15 X (1 ) (2 ) X (3 ) 2. X 3. (1 ) ( ) ( ), X (2 ),, X,, X (3 ),, X, (4 ),,, X,, (5 ),,, (6 ),,, X (7 ),,,, X X (8 ),, (9 ),,, (10) ( ) X, (11) X ( ),, (12),, X, (13),, X (14),,,, 6

16 (1 ), X (2 ) X,, (3 ) X,, (4 ) X, (1 )? (2 )?? (3 )? (4 ) X (5 )? X? 1. (1 ) (2 ) X (3 ), X (4 ) X 2. X 3. (1 ), ( ), (2) ( ) X ( ), ( ), X? (3 ),, X ( )? (, )?? (4 )?, ( )? 7

17 (5 ) ( )??,?? 4. (1 ) X, ( ) (2 ) X, (3 ) X (1 ) X (2 ) X? 1. (1 ) X,, (2 ) ( ) X, (3 ), (4 ) X (5 ) 2. X 3. (1 ), T Y, X (2 ), ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ), (3 ), (4 ),, (5 ), 8

18 4. (1 ) (2 ) (3 ) 1. (1 ) (2 ) X (3 ) X (4 ) X 2. X 3. (1 ), (2 ),,,, (3 ),,,? (4 ),,,? (5 ),,,, (6 ),,, (7 ),,, 4. (1 ) (2 ) (3 ) 1. (1 ) X 9

19 X (3 ) X (4 ) X 2. X 3. (1 ) 23cm,,,, X,, (2 ), X, (3 ),, ( ) ( ),, X, 4.,, X 4. (1 ) X (2 ) 1. (1 ) (2 ) (3 ) (4 ) 2. X 3. (1 ),,,,, (2 ), T Y,, (3 ),,, (4 ), X,,,, 10

20 ,, 4. (1 ) (2 ), 1. (1 ), (2 ) l2 (3 ),, 2. X 3. (1 ) X, (2 ), X,,, (3 ),,,, X,,,,,,, 4. (1 ) (2 ) (1 )? (2 )? (3 ) (4 ) Collse X (5 ) X 11

21 (1 ), X (2 ) (3 ) ( Scheuermonn ), (Leggperhes ) X 2. X 3. (1 ), : ( ) ;,, v,,,, (2 ),,, X :, X ; ; ; (3 ) ( Scheuermonn ), :,, ; ( ), ;,, schmorl ;, (4 ), X :,, ;,, ;,, 4. (1 ) X (2 ) X (3 ) X 1. (1 ) X, (2 ) X (3 ) X (4 ) X X

22 (1 ), X,,,, (2 ), X,,,, (3 ) X,, ( ), (,, ),,, (4 ),, 2/ 3, ;,,,, (5 ), X,,,, 4. (1 ), (2 ), X (1 ) X (2 ) X (3 ) X (4 ) : Schmorl 1. (1 ) (2 ) X (3 ) X, X 2. X 3. (1 ) 10l5, X, ( ) 13

23 (2 ), 15, X :, ;, ;,,, (3 ) X,, (4 ),,, (5 ),,, 4. (1 ) (2 ) 1. (1 ), (2 ) X (3 ) X 2. X 3. (1 ) ( ) :,,,,, (2 ),, ; X :, ; ), ( (3 ) ( ),,, (4 ), X :,, (5 ), 50%,, ; ; 14

24 (6 ) X :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 80 %,, 4. (1 ) X (2 ) X (1 )? (2 ) X (3 ) 1. (1 ) X (2 ) X 2. X 3. (1 ) :,, 1015, 1525, 2040, 40 ;,,, ;, AKP BanceJones ( ), (2 ) X : :,, :, :,,, ;, :,,, 15

25 :,, ;,, ; ( ), 4. (1 ) X (2 ) 1. (1 ) X (2 ), X (3 ),, X 2. X 3. (1 ), X,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,, (2 ) 2040,,, X,,,,,, X : (3 ),, X,,,, (1 ) X (2 ) X

26 1. X (1 ) X (2 ) X (3 ) X, 2. X 3. (1 ),,, 1525,, AKP, ( ), ( ) X : :, ; :, ; : ; :, (2 ),,,, ;,, X,,, 1015,, X,,,,, 40 ( ),, Benc - Jones X, 15cm, (3 ), X, ;, ;,,,,, (1 ) X 17

27 X (1 )? (2 ) X? (3 ) X (4 )? X? (5 ) X (6 ) : ( Codman ) 1. (1 ) X (2 ) X (3 ) X 2. X 3. (1 ) : VitD, 2 ( ) ( ),, AKP, (), X :,,,,, ;,,, ;, (2 ) : D, PTH, X :, ;, (3 ) : C,, X, X, ( ), (4 ) : CaF2 [ Ca3 ( PO4 ) 2CaF 2 ], 18

28 X,, ;, ; ; 4. (1 ) X (2 ) X 1. (1 ), X (2 ) X (3 ) ( P TH) X 2. X 3. (1 ),,,,, : ( ),,, (2 ),,,,,, X :, ;,, ;,, ;, ;,, (3 ), ( P TH),,,, P TH PTH AKP X :, ;, ;, ;, ; O X ; 4. 19

29 X (2 ) X (1 )? X (2 ) X (3 ) X (4 )? X (5 ) X X 1. (1 ), (2 ) CR, (3 ) 2. X 3. (1 ) X,, (2 ), CR,, X (3 ), 4. (1 ) (2 ) X 1. (1 ) (2 ) X, X X

30 , X (1 ) :, : ( ) ; ; ( ) ; ( ) (2 ) :, (), :,, ;,, ,,, 110,, X, :,, 7 ;,, ;, 56,,,,,,,,, (3 ) :,,,, :, 4,, ;,,,, :,, (4 ) :, 910, l2cm,, 13cm, 36cm (5 ) :,, X :,, ( 2, ) 4 ) (,,,,, 15mm,, 12cm,,,,, 21

31 , 1113cm, 1.52cm, 56, , 23,,,,, 4. (1 ) (2 ),,, (3 ), X 1. (1 ) (2 ) X (3 ) X 2. X 3. X (1 ) :,, :,,,,, X,,,, X,, X,, X X :, 22 (2 ),,

32 ,, X X :,,,, : (1 ) ( 47mm ) 1cm,, (2 ) ( 23mm) 4mm,,, X,,,,, X,,,,, ;,,,,,,, X (3 ), ( ) X,,, 300ml X,,,,,, : :,,,,,,,,,, 23

33 ,,, 4. (1 ) X (2 ) X (3 ) X (1 )??? (2 )? X (3 ) X (4 ) X (5 ) : D,, 1. (1 ) X (2 ) X (3 ) X 2. X 3. (1 ) X :, ; ;, 0.52cm, ; ; 10 %,, ( ) CT (2 ),, : (1 ) :,, ; (2 ) :,,, ; (3 ) : (3 ) :,, X,, : : 24

34 ) ; ( ),, ;, (4 ) :,, X : :,,,, ; :,,, ;,, ;, 4. (1 ) (2 ) (3 ) X 1. X, 2. X 3. (1 ) : ( ),,,,,, 2 12 (2 ) :, X,,, :,, (3 ) :, X,,, 12 (4 ) :, X,,,, (5 ) :,,, 25

35 X,,, ( ), (6 ) :, 4. (1 ) X (2 ) X 1. (1 ) X, (2 ) X 2. X 3. (1 ) ( I ) :,,,,,,,,,, X, ( ),, : (2 ) ( ) :, X,,,,,, (), X,, ( ) 4. (1 ) X (2 ) (1 ),,

36 X (2 ), X 2. X 3. (1 ) ( ) : X,,,, (1 ), ; (2 ), ; (3 ) ; (4 ) :,, 23cm,,,,,,,, :, X,, ( ), (, ) (3 ) ( ) :,, X, X 4. (1 ) (2 ) (1 ) X (2 ) X (3 ) X (4 ) X 27

37 X (6 ) : 1. (1 ), X (2 ) X 2. X 3. X : (1 ) :, 4mm, 10mm,,, (2 ) :,,, (3 ) : 1020mm,,, (4 ) : (5 ), (6 ), (7 ) :,, (8 ) :,, 4. (1 ) (2 ) X 1. (1 ) (2 ) 2. X X,

38 (1 ) ( 0) : 0, 0 +,, (2 ) ( 1) :, 1,, 2cm, 1, 2 +,, 2 (3 ) ( ) :, 2, 4, 3, 4 +, 3, 4, 3 (4 ) ( ) :,, 2cm, 1cm +,,,,,,,,, 4. (1 ) (2 ) X (3 ) X ( ) 1. (1 ), X (2 ) X 2. X 3. (1 ) :,, : 29

39 ; ;, X, 2. 55cm,, (2 ) :,,,,, X,,,, 23cm,, (3 ) : X,,, ( ),,,,,, 1, 1,, s,,,,,,,,,, 4. X ( ) 1. (1 ) X (2 ) X TNM (3 ) X 2. X 3. (1 ) : X :,,,,,,,, X 13mm,,,, 2cm : ; ; ( ) : 30 (2 ) TNM,

40 T To T1 3cm, T2 > 3cm, 2cm, T3, T2 T4, X TX N, N Nl N2 M, M Ml M2 : ( TX N O MO ), a ( T1 NO MO ) ( T2 N O MO ), Ib ( TO - l NlMO ) ( T2 NlMO ), ( T3 NO - 1 MO ) TN2 MO, TNMl (3 ) :, :,,, l3cm, 4cm,, (4 ) X :,,, 4. X (1 ) X (2 ) X (3 ) TNM (4 ) X (5 ) X (6 ) : s 31

41 (1 ) X (2 ) X 2. X 3. (1 ) X 2 :, 13mm,,, ( ), 78mm 2 ;, ;, 13cm (2 ) X :, ll0cm, : ;,, ;, ; 4. X, 1.,, X, X 2. X 3. (1 ) :, :, ;,,, ;, (2 ) : ( 1/ 41/ 2 ),, 5 10mm,, (3 ) :,,, 32

42 , X 1. (1 ) X (2 ) X 2. X 3. (1 ),,,,,, ( ) (2 ) :, 6, X, :,,,,,, 4. (1 ) (2 ) X 1. (1 ) X (2 ) 2. X 3. (1 ),,,, 5, 6,,, 33

43 :,,,,, 4. (1 ) X (2 ) X (1 ) X (2 )?? (3 )? ( )? X (4 ) (5 ) X,? (6 ) X (7 )? X (8 ) : X 1. (1 ), (2 ) X, (3 ), (4 ) 2. X 3. (1 ),,,, ( ), (2 ),,,,, 34 (3 ) X,,

44 :,,, ;,,, ;, ;,,,, ( 45 ),,,,,,, ( 6570 ), ( ),,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,, (4 ),,,,, 4. (1 ) ( ) (2 ) X 1. (1 ) (2 ) (3 ) 2. X 3. (1 ),,, : /, ,, 35

45 ,,,,, ( ),,,,,, 3,,, ( ) ( ),, 1/ 2,,,, ;, (3 ),, :,,, :,,,,, :,,, (4 ) X :,,,, X :, 15mm ( ),,,,,,, X :,,,,, X :,,,, X :,,, Kerley B,,,,, 36

46 ( ) ( ), X :,, > 16mm, (5 ), : (1 ) ; ( 2 ) ; ( 3 ) ; ( 4) ; (5 ) 4. (1 ) (5 ) X (1 )?? (2 ) X?? (3 )?? (4 )? (5 ) X (6 ) : 1.,, X 2. X 3. (1 ) X, ( ),,,,,, (2 ) X,, (1 ),, (2 ), 37

47 , (4 ) (5 ) (3 ) : X ( ),,, (4 ) :, ;,,, (5 ) :,, X 4. (1 ) X (2 ) X (3 ) X X 1. X 2. X 3. (1 ) X :,,,, ;,,, ;, (2 ) X :,, > 15mm,,,,,, (3 ) :, 4. X 38

48 X (2 ) X (3 )? 1.,, X 2. X 3. (1 ) (, ) X :, ;, ; ;,, X,,,, (2 ) X,, X,,, X :, ( ), ;, ;,,,,,, X (, ), 4. X 1. X 2. X 3. (1 ) X :, ;, 39

49 ,, 1/ 2,, ; (2 ) X :, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, 4. X 1., X 2. X 3. (1), X :,, ( ) ;,, ;, (2 ),, X :,,, ;, 1/ 31/ 4 ;,, ; 4. X (1 ) X (2 ) X (3 ) X (4 ) X (5 ) : 1. 40

50 (2 ) X 2. X 3. X (1 ) X :,,,,,, (2 ),, X :,,,, (3 ), X :,,,,,,,, 4. X 1. (1 ) X (2 ) X 2. X 3. (1 ) X X :, ( )( ) ( ), (2 ),,,,, Debakey 41

51 ,, ;,, ;,, :, ;, X :,,,,,, X,,,,, : a.,, b., c.,, d.,, (2 ),,,, 4. X (1 ) X (2 ) X (3 ) X (4 )? X (5 )? X X X 1. (1 ) X, (2 ) (3) X, X,

52 (1 ) :,,,,, (2 ),,, (3 ) X : 6, 1112,, 8 ; ; ; 23cm, 24 (4 ) X : ( ) ( ) ( )2.5cm, 45cm,,, 5cm,,, 24mm, 5mm, 24, 4 (5 ) : C,,,,, (6 ) :,,, ;,,, (7 ) :,,,, 4. (1 ) ( ) (2 ) X X 1. X, 2. X 3. 43

53 :,, :,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,, (3 ) : (4 ) :,, (5 ) :,,,,,,, 4 2,, 6, 9 (6 ) : 4. X (1 )? (2 ) X (3 ) X (4 ) (5 ) : (1 ) X

54 X (3 ) X X 2. X 3. (1 ), X,, (2 ),, (3 ), X,,, 4. X 1. (1 ) X (2 ) X X 2. X 3. (1 ), X (2 ), X :, X,,, X 4 a.,, ;,, ; b.,,,, ; c.,,, ; 24cm, ; d.,,, ; 4. X 1. X 45

55 X 3. (1 ), X :,, ; ;,,, ;,, (2 ) X :,,, 4. X 1. (1 ) X X (2 ) X 2. X 3. (1 ), X X :, ;, ; X :, ; (2 ), X :,, ;,,,, ;,, 4. X 46 (1 ) X X (2 ) X X

56 ? X X (4 ) X X (5 ) X (6 )? X? X? (7 )? X 1. (1 ) X (2 ) X 2. X 3. (1 ),,,, ;, ( ) ; ;, ; ; ; ; ; (2 ) : 90 %, X :,, 3,,,,,, 4. (1 ) X (2 ) X 1. (1 ) X (2 ) X (3 ) X 2. X 47

57 (1 ), X :,,, 2cm ;,, ;, ;, (2 ) X :,,,,,,,,, ; ; ; ;,, ( ) ( ) X,,, ; (3 ) X :,,, ; ; ; ;,,,, ; ; ; ;, (4 ) 4. (1 ) X (2 ) X 1. (1 ) X (2 ) X 2. X 3. (1 ), X : ;, ; ; (2 ) :, : ;,,, ;,, 48 (3 ) :

58 X, ; ; (4 ) : ( ), X :,, ; 4. X (1 ) X (2 )? (3 ) X (4 ) X (5 ) X (6 ) X (7 )?? X X (8 ) X (9 ) X (10) X (11) X ( X ) (12) : Crobn 1. Crohn X 2. X 3. (1 ),, X,, X :,, ( ) ( ),,, ;,, ;,, ; 49

59 ;,, ;,,,, (2 ) Crohn,, X :, ;, ;,,,, (3 ), X,,,,, 4. (1 ) X (2 ) Crohn X 1. (1 ) X (2 ) X 2. X 3. (1 ),,, X, 5mm, (2 ), X :,,, (3 ),, 50

60 (1 ) X (2 ) X 1. (1 ) X (2 ) X 2. X 3. (1 ) :,,,, (2 ) : : a.,, ; b.,, ; c., 4. (1 ) X (2 ) X (1 ) X (2 ) X (3 ) Crohn? X? (4 ) X (5 ) X (6 ) X (7 ) X (8) : Pegutz - Jeghers ( - ) I 1. 51

61 (2 ) X 2. X X 3. (1 ), X (2 ) X :,, X,,,,,, 4. (1 ) (3 ) X 1. (1 ) X (2 ) X 2. X 3. (1 ) : X (2 ) :, ;, (3 ) :,,,,,, 8, (4 ) :, : ;, ;, (5 ) : ( ) ;,, 52

62 4. (1 ) X (2 ) X (3 ) (4 ) X (1 ) X? (2 )? (3 )? X (4 ) X (5 ) : X 1. (1 ) X (2 ) X 2. X 3. (1 ), () 1214,, 30 1, 1/ 2 (2 ),, (3 ),,, (4 ) T T, (5 ) ( ERCP ) :,, (6 ) ( P TC) :,,,, (7 ) X :, 710 (cm) 34 (cm),,,, 1012,, 34cm, cm, 53

63 4., (1 ) X (2 ) X X 1. (1 ) X (2 ) X (3 ) X 2. X 3. (1 ) :, 80% 90%,,,, ( ),,,,,, (2 ) :, X,,, : ;, ; 1/ 2, :,,,, (3 ) :, 0.5cm,, : (4 ) : -, (5 ) :, (6 ) :, (1 ) X (2 ) X

64 X X 1. (1 ) X (2 ) X (3 ) X 2. X 3. (1 ) :,, :, ;,,, (2 ) :, :, ;,, ;,,, ;,,, ; (3 ) : ; :, ;, ;, ;, 4. (1 ) X (2 ) X (3 ) X (4 ) X X 1. (1 ) X (2 ) X (3 ) 2. X 3. (1 ), 55

65 (3 ) ; (4 ) X (5 ) X :,, 3 a. ; b. ; c. ; d., ; e. (6 ),,, 4. (1 ) X (2 ) X (3 ) X (1 ) X (2 ) X (3 ) X (4 ) X (5 ) X (6 ) : 3 X 1. (1 ) X (2 ) X 2. X 3. (1 ) : X ;, ; 56

66 ; ; (2 ),,,, 12 3 ( T12L3 ), 12cm13cm 5cm 6cm,,, 1525, 2cm3cm, (3 ), ,,,,,,,, (4 ),, 0. 3cm,, (5 ) : 200ml350m1,,,,,, (6 ) :,, 13cm17cm;,,, 4. (1 ) X (2 ) X 1. X 2. X 3. (1 ),,, :, ;, ;,, ;,, 57

67 , X : ;,, ;, : X,,, (2 ), :,,,,,,,,,, :,,, s,, (3 ),,,, X,,,, 4. X 1. X 2. X 3. (1 ), ( ) (2 ),, (3 ), :,, 58

68 (1 ) X (2 ) X 1. (1 ) X (2 ) X 2. X 3. (1 ),,,, (2 ) :,, X,, (3 ) :,, (4 ) :,,,, (5 ) :, 4. X 1. (1 ) (2 ) X 2. X 3.,,,, X : (1 ),, (2 ), ; ;, ;,, ;,, (3 ) :, 59

69 :,, 4. X 1. (1 ) X (2 ) X (3 ) X 2. X 3. (1 ) :, X ; (2 ) : X ;, (3 ) : ;, (4 ) : X, ;, ;,,, (5 ) : ;, (6 ) :,, 4. (1 ) X (2 ) X (3 ) X 60 (1 ) X (2 ) X (3 )? X (4 )? X?

70 X (6 ) X (7 ) : ( ) X 1. (1 ) X (2 ) X X 2. X 3. (1 ) :, (2 ) :,, X ; ;,,,, (3 ) X : : 26cm, 3cm, 4. (1 ) X (2 ) X X 1. (1 ) X (2 ) X (3 ) 2. X 3. 61

71 X : (, X 23 ),,,,, 1/ 4,, 1/ 3, : (2 ) :, X, (3 ) : X,,,,,,,, ( 24mm) 4. (1 ) X (2 ) X X 1. (1 ) X (2 ) X 2. X 3. (1 ) :, X,, : :,, ;, ; ( ), 62,,,,,

72 : X,,, (3 ) :,, :, X,,,,,,,,, 4. (1 ) X (2 ) X X 1. (1 ) X (2 ) X 2. X 3. (1 ),,,, X, : ( ),,,, 23,, 23,,,,,,,, (2 ) X :,,,,,,,,, 63

73 :,,,,,,, 4. (1 ) X (2 ) X X 1. (1 ) X (2 ) X 2. X 3. (1 ) X : X,, ( ) 5.2mm (1.5mm11mm )(1 ) 3.8mm ( 1mm9mm ),,, 10 4mm5mm, 3mm, 10 11mm12mm, 13mm 14mm (2 ) X :,,,,,,,,,,, (3 ) X :, :, ( ),,, X :,,,, 4. (1 ) X (2 ) X 64

74 X (1 ) X (2 ) X 2. X 3. (1 ) X,,,,,,, 2, 3,, (2 ),, (3 ), :, X,,,,,,,,,,, (4 ) :,, X,, (5 ) :, X ( ),, 4. (1 ) X (2 ) X (1 ) X (2 ) X (3 ) X (4 ) X (5 ) 65

75 X? X? (7 ) X (8 ) X (9 ) X (10) X X (11) X (12) X 1. (1 ) X (2 ) X 2. X 3. (1 ), X :,, ( > 80 % ), 3 ( 1 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 7mm16mm, 7mm14mm,,,, 2.5cm, 0. 5cm1.5cm,, 66

76 X :,,,,, CT X,, X : ( ) X,,,,,, 4. (1 ) X (2 ) X 1. (1 ) X (2 ) X 2. X 3. (1 ),, ( 30 % 35 % 2m1/ s),, (2 ) X : ( ) ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) ( ), 16, 67

77 :,, ;,,,,, 4. (1 ) X (2 ) X X 1. (1 ) X (2 ) X 2. X 3. (1 ), ( ),,,,,,,, : (2 ),,, (),,,, ( )X ;,, ( ), ( > 2mm),,,,,, 68

78 (1 ) X (2 ) X? (1 ) (2 ) X? (3 ) X (4 ) X (5 ) X (6 )?? X (7 ) X? (8 ) : 69

79 C T 1. (1 ) CT (2 ) CT (3 ) CT (4 ) CT (5 ) CT 2. (1 ) CT (2 ) CT 3. (1 ) CT CT X, X, (2 ) CT CT, X, (3 ) CT CT CT CT CT, CT ( UFCT), CT (4 ) CT CT ( CT ) : (1 ), X ; (2 ) ; (3 ) CT, X, CT ( EBCT) EBCT X, 4 X, 50ms, 70

80 CT CT, X CT,,, CT CT, CT, CT :, (5 ) CT (6 ) CT CT, X U CT, H U,,,,, CT CT (6) CT : CT, (7 ) CT : ( CT ) CT (HRCT) :, CT,, ) ; CT : CT ( CTA) ( CT (8 ) CT ; ;,, ; (9 ) CT CT, 71

81 ; CTA,, CT,, CT CT, CT,,, CT,,, CT CT CT EBCT, CT CT,,,,, CT, CT, 4. CT (1 ) CT, CT (2 ) CT CT? (3 ) : CT HRCTCTA CT CT CT 1. (1 ) CT (2 ) CT (3 ) CT (1 ) CT,, 5mm 10mm,, 72 (2 ) CT,

82 ,,,,,,,,,,,,, (3 ) CT a. : ; b. : ; c. : ; d. : a. : ; b. : ; c. : ; d. : a. :, ; b. :,, ; c. :, ;, a. : ; b. :, (4 ) CT,,,,,,,,,,, 4. CT CT 1. (1 ) ( ) CT 73

83 CT (1 ) :,, 45% CT : I,,,,,,,,, (2 ) :,,,,,,,, (3 ) CT :,,,,,, 10mm,, 8mm,, (4 ) : CT,,,,,, (5 ) :,,, CT,,,, (6 ) :, CT, 23, 1, CT,, 2,, (7 ),, CT :,, ;,,, ;,,, CT, (8 ), -, 74 - (artenio - venous mal-

84 formation AVM), CT,, (9 ) : CT,, 24 CT,,,,, 3 23, ; 12,,,, 1. 5cm, 4. CT CT 1. CT, CT CT (1 ) :,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, 7 (2 ) :, ;, CT, 75

85 :,, (4 ) :,, ; ; CT : CT,, CT,, CT,,,,,,,,, 4mm5mm,,, CT,, ;, CT, CT, CT,,, 2040,,, CT,, ; 4. CT 76 (1 ) CT CT (2 ) CT (3 ) ( ) CT (4 ) CT (5 ) CT (6 ) CT?? (7 ) CT?

86 : CT CT 1. CT, CT, CT (1 ) : CT,,,,, (2 ) ( ) : CT CT,,,,,,, (3 ) :, CT, (4) :, CT,, CT (5 ) :,,,,, CT,,,,,, 4. ( ) CT CT 1. CT, CT CT 2. 77

87 (1 ) :, CT,,,,, (2 ) : CT,,,, (3 ) :, CT,, (4 ) : CT,,, 4. CT (1 ) ( ) CT (2 ) CT CT CT 1. (1 ) CT (2 ) CT (3 ) CT (1 ) CT : CT, 10mm 10mm, 5mm, (2 ) :, :, 78

88 CT CT, (3 ) CT : CT,,, HU, H U,, 3060H U, HU, CT, ( 1 ) :, 8,,,, (2 ) :,, (3 ) : ( 4) :,,, (5 ) :,,, (6 ) :,,,,,, 5 : (1 ) :, (2 ) :,, (3 ) :,,, (4 ) :,,, (5 ) :,, ( 1), CT CT, (2 ) CT (3 ) 35,, CT 79

89 CT, CT : CT CT X CT,,,,,,, ( 1 ) : CT 0. 51cm ( 2) : CT,,, (3 ) :,,,, CT, 2cm, CT : ; ; ;, CT X, CT, CT,,, CT, : CT :,, CT : (1 ) CT 100ml, CT - (2 ) CT,,, (3 ) CT,, (5 ) CT : ( 1), ; (2 ),, ;, ; 80 (3 ) (4 ),

90 ; ( 5 ), 15mm 10mm, : CT X, 3cm,,, 36cm,,,,, : :, ;, ;,,,,,, CT 20H U (1 ), 3cm, ( 2 ) 1cm, (3 ),, (6 ) CT : CT X, 2mm,, CT,,,, 23cm,,,, (7 ) CT. : CT, CT. : CT CT CT X. : CT X, :,,,,,, :,, 2cm,,, CT > 3cm,,,,,,,. : CT (8 ) CT :, CT,,,, 81

91 CT,,,,,, CT, CT 4. CT CT 1. (1 ) CT (2 ) CT (3 ) CT A. (1 ) CT :,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ) CT :,,,,,,, CT, 30% 60 %, 50 % 60 %,, (3 ) CT :,,,,,,, B. (1 ) CT :,,,,,, 82 (2 ) CT :,,

92 ,,,,,, C. (1 ) CT :,,,,,,,,, D. :,, CT 1240HU, CT, CT E. :,,,,, CT F. : ( 1) (2 ),, CT 6080H U( 3),, ;,,,, 4. CT (1 ) CT?? (2 ) CT (3 ) CT (4 )? CT? (5 ) CT CT CT 1. (1 ) CT (2 ) CT 83

93 3. (1 ) : % 2 % 500ml,, 10mm, 5mm, (2 ) CT : a., CT 5070Hu,,,, b.,,,, ( ),, c. CT, ( ) ; ; ;,,,, : a.,, CT 82%, < 6mm, ; b.,, 45cm,, CT - 5Hul5Hu CT, 25Hu 2mm3mm, :, 10cm, 6cm, 15cm, 35,,,,, CT CT 3060Hu CT l00150hu :,,,, ;, ; CT,,,,,,, CT 3050Hu,, 20Hu: 23 3mm, 20 3mm, mm, / 32/ 3 1/ 52/ 5, 3mm, 84 CT

94 24mm, : a.,,, CT 30Hu50Hu,,, CT 15Hu,, CT 80120Hu,,, b., l 2cm,,,,, c.,, : CT,,, CT, V Y,,,,,, 10mm, 150cm 2 (3 ) CT CT : a. :, b. :,, c. : CT 0.5cm d. : : 4. CT CT 1. (1 ) CT (2 ) CT (1 ) :,,,,,,, (2 ) :, CT 17Hu,, ; ; 85

95 ; CT, ; :, ; (3 ) : CT,,, CT 40-45Hu,,, 4cm,, 60% 90ml 30,, 135, 15 : 60,,,,,,,,,, 1020,, CT (4 ) : 1cm,,,,,,,,, CT,,,,,,,,, 15 25,,,,, 23, CT,, ; ( ), ;,,, ; ; ( ), (5 ) : 30% - 50%,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (6 ) :,, CT, ; CT : a. 86

96 , CT - 14Hu+ 30Hu, ; b. ; c. CT ; d.60%, ; e., CT : a., ; b. 80 % ; c. (7 ) : CT, CT,,, 5, (8 ) : a. : CT 4mm,, CT,, b. :,, c. :,,, d.,, (9 ) :, 85 %, 70% CT :,, ; CT, ;, ; ; (10) :, 1/ 3 50%,,, CT :, ;, CT, (11) : Caroli ( ) :,, ( ) CT :, CT, ( ) : - :, : - ;, ; - :, 10, ( ), CT, 4. 87

97 CT CT (2 ) CT CT (3 ) CT?? (4 )? CT? (5 ) CT (6 ) CT CT 1. (1 ) CT (2 ) CT (3 ) CT (1 ) : CT,,,,, ( - ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, CT (2 ) : CT,,, CT 1/ 4,,,,, (3 ) :,,,,, 88

98 , CT,,,,,,,,,, (4 ) :,,,,,,, CT,,,,,,,,,, CT MRI, (5 ) :,,, CT CT,, CT (6 ) : CT,, CT 5Hu15Hu,,,,,,,, CT USG,,, (7 ) : :,,, CT,,,,, 0. 5cm0.3cm, 2cm8cm, :,,, :, 2cm, CT 89

99 15%,,, 10% 20 %, CT,, 24cm, 10% 15%,, CT, :, CT,,, Addison,, CT 4. CT CT 1. (1 ) CT (2 ) CT (3 ) CT (1 ) :,, 10mm, 3mm 5mm,, CT (2 ) CT : :,,,,,,,, : ( mm) ( mm) ( mm) < ,,, : 7. 59cm, 46cm, 34cm, 90 CT

100 < 3cm ;, 4cm2cm2cm CT, (3 ) CT : : CT,,,,, > l5mm :,,, ( PSA ), 99 %, CT,,,,, 80%, 5cm,,,,,, CT,,, CT CT : CT,, 3.5cm, 50%, :,,, CT :,,,,,,, :, CT :,,,,,,, CT 60Hu,,, :, CT :,, 4. CT (1 ) CT (2 ) CT (3 ) CT (4 ) CT (5 ) CT 91

101 CT : CT 1. (1 ) CT (2 ) CT (1 ) :,,, 35mm, 1015mm (2 ) CT :,,,, 24mm 3mm,, CT 50110Hu, 1525mm (3 ) CT : CT CT CT,,, CT, (4 ) CT :, CT (5 ) CT : :,,,, :,,, (6 ) CT :,, CT,,,,, 4. CT 92

102 CT 1. (1 ) CT (2 ) CT CT (1 ) : CT,, 5mm 10mm,, (2 ) CT : CT X, CT CT CT (3 ) CT : CT,, ;,,,, 4. CT (1 ) CT CT (2 ) CT (3 ) CT (4 ) CT (5 ) CT 93

103 M R I 1. (1 ) (2 ) MRI, MRI (3 ) MRI (4 ) MRI (1 ) MRI :,,,,,,,,, T1, 63% ; T2, 37% T1 T2,, MRI, T1 T2,,, T, T : (1 ) MR : :, MRI MRI ( T ) (Gauss. G), 1 T = 10000G :,, :,, 94 :,,,

104 MR, (2 ) : (2 ) MRI : : a. ( SE ) : SE, TR TE, TR TE T1T2 TR TE T1 WIT2 WI PdWI b. ( GRE) :,,, c. ( EPI ) :, 20ms, MR :,,, MRI :, MRI MR ( MRA) : MR I,, ( TOF ) ( PC) :, TE, T2 WI,,, MRCPMRUMRMMR MR,, MRI ( fmri) :,, ( DI) ( PI ) ( DI) :, DI ( DWI),,, DWI ( PI ) : GD - DT PA MRI,,, MRI (3 ) MRI : ( ) :,, MRI,, MRI, MR T1 T2 95

105 MRI :,,,,, :,, MRI (4 ) MR : MRI ; MRI,, ; T1 WIT2 WI PdWI, ;, (5 ) MRI :,, ; ; ;,, ;,, MRI ; MRI ; MRI ; MRI, (6 ) MRI : MRI, MRI :,, ; ; MRI,,, ; MRI (1 ) MRI, MRI

106 MRI 1. MRI 2. MRI MRI? 3. MRI? 4. MRI 5. : T1WIT2WIPdWI fmrimramrcpmru MRI MRI 1. (1 ) MRI (2 ) MRI (3 ) MRI (4 ) MRI (5 ) MRI 2. MRI 3. (1 ) MRI : MRI, MRI,, Tl T2, Tl, ; T2 ; Tl T2, Tl T2 ( ) ( ) : OM ; ; ;,, : Reid 4 ; ; ; : ; ; ; ; ; (2 ) :, DeMyer, : :,, sturge - Weber ; :, 97

107 DeMyer 1. : ; ; ; 2. : ( ) ; ; Aicardi ; ; ; Chiari ; Dandy - Walker 3. : ; ; - ; : ; 5. : ; ; ( ) ; 6. : ; ( ) ; (3 ) : : 4 : a., ; b. :, ; c. : ; d.,, MRI,,,,, :, 1220, MRI,, MRI : a. ; b. < 0. 3 ( 0.45 ) ; c. ; d. ; : a., ; b. ; c. ; : a. ; ; c., ; d. b. d. ; e. ; f. : Aicard: Chiari ( Chiari ) :,,, Chiari 4 : :,, a. ; b. ; c. :, a., ; b. 98

108 c. ; d., ; e. :,,, a., ; b.,, ; c. :, MRI : I : 5mm C1 62%, C2 25%, C3 3% ; ; ( 2075% ) ; ( 044% ) II : ;, :, MRI : 1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. Dandy - Walker ; T2, 5. T1 Dandy - Walker :,,, MRI : a., ; b. ; c. ; d. ; e. ; f., ; g. ; H. :, 2 : I,, ; II,, MRI : a.,,,, T1 T2 ; b.,, c. T2 : 12, a., ; b. MRI : a.,,,, ; b.,,, ; c.,,, T1 T2, Gb - DT PA :,, :,, ; ( 80% 100 % ), ; MRI : a. ; 99

109 T2, ; b. T1 T2 ; c. ; d. 10 % ; e. ; f. ; g. (3 ) : MRI,,, MRI CT : CT ; CT ; CT ; CT ; CT ; CT, MRI : a. MRI,, T1 T2, ; T1 T2 b. MRI, HBO2 - DHB - MHB -, ; c. T1, T2,,,, : MRI : a. ; b. ; c. ; e.,, d. ; : MRI : a. T1, T2 ; b. T1, T2, ; c.,, ; d. MRI ; e. T2 : MRI : a., T2,, ; b., ; c., T1, T2 : a. ( < 7 ) : MRI ; T2 ; b. ( > 7 < 1 ) : ; c., T2 (4 ) : :,, T2,, T1, T2 MRI CT,, a. ( 06 ) :, T1, MRI T2 T2, 2, 4, 30 T2 ; b. ( 624 ) :,, 100

110 , 1618 Gd - DT PA, 72, ; c. ( 27 ) :, 24 34,, 1, T1, T2 d. ( 814 ) :, 42%,, T1, T2 ; e. ( > 15 ) :, ;,, T1 T2 T1 T2,, 23, :,, ( 17 ) TlT2 ; ( 830 ) Tl T2, ; (12 ) Tl T2 ; ( 2 ) Tl T2 :, : 1., ; 2.,, ; 3.,, ; 4., ; 5. MRI,,, Tl T2, :, : a. (AVM),, ; b.,, ; c. Galen, Galen ; d., ; e. - ( Sturge - Weber ), ; f.,, ; g., AVM,, MRI,,,, MRI, : Sturge - Weber,, ; : 1. ; 2., ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6., MRI : 1., ; 2. ; 3., ; 4., SE, ( GRE) CT, T2,, 101

111 , CT ; 5., ; 6., mm, 8mm; 7.,,,,, CT MRI 4. (1 ) MRI (2 ) MRI (3 ) MRI (4 ) MRI 1.? 2. MRI 3. MRI 4. MRI 5.?? MRI 6. MRI 7. MRI MRI 1. (1 ) MRI (2 ) MRI 2. MRI 3. (1 ) MRI : : Tl, T2, : Tl T2 : T1 T2, Tl ( TE28T R500 ),,, : MRl,,,,, ;, :, MRI T1 102

112 T : ( Gd - DT PA), (2 ) : :, 40% 50% a. :, ( Kemohan ) -,, ; 40% MRI : 1. Tl T2,,, 2., T2 T1 ;, 3.,, T1, T2 4., 5., % ; 7. MRI : 1. Tl T2, T1 T2 ; 2., ; 3. ; ;, 4.,, ; 5. T2, T2, T2, :,,, T1 WI, T2 WI, ; Gd - DTPA, b. : 5 % 10 %,, ( % )MRI : T1 WI, T2 WI T1 WI T2 WI,,,,, c. :,,,,, MRI :, T1 T2, T1 WI, T2 WI Gd - DTPA,, d. : l0,,,,, MRI : T1 WI T2 WI Gd - DT PA,, T1 T2 : 103

113 15 %,, 80% ; 20% 70% 80%,,,, MRI : 1. T1 WI, T2 WI,, 2. T1 T2, Tl WI, T2 WI GdDT PA,, 3. T2 WI, 4., : 10%,, ; ; MRI : 1., T1 WI,,,,,, 2. T1 WI T2 WI,, ;, T1 WI T1 WI,,,,,, :,,,,, MRI :, MRI, T1 WI,,, CT MR IGd - DTPA, T1 WI, :, 50%,,, MRI : T1, T1 T2,,,, T1 MR I, : 15% 20%,, :,,,,,, (1. 2% 2.2% ),,,, MRI : T1 WI

114 ; T2 WI,,, ; 2., T1 WI, T2 WI ; 3. ; 4. :, ; 5. Gd - DTPA,, 1 ; 6.,, TlWI ; 7., :, 40 %, 80%, ( ),,,,,,, MRI : 1., O, T1 T2, ; 2. T1 WI, T2 WI,, ; 3. MRI,, T2 WI ; 4. Gd - DTPA,, ; 5. (3 ) : :,,,, : a. (60% 70 % ) ; b. (25 % ) ; c. (10% ) ; d. Tl Tl T2, : a., ; b.,, ;,, 12, c. 48 MRI : 1.,,,,, T1 WI, T2 WI, 2., T1 WI, T2 WI, Gd - DT PA,,,, :,,,, MRI :, ; T1 WI T2 WI, Gd - DT PA,,, T2 WI, MRI :, 105

115 : 1.,,, 2. 3.,, 26cm,, 4. ; 5. 6., MRI :, T1 WI, T2 WI Gd - DT PA T1 WI,, T2 WI,, Tl T2,, Tl T2 T1 WI T2 WI,, Tl, T2,,, :, :, : 1.,, 510mm, 2., 10 20mm,, 3.,,, MRI :,, 28mm,,, MRI, Gd - DT PA ;,,,,,, T1WI,, T2 WI,, 28mm, Tl T2,, (4 ) :,,, MS,,, :,,,,,,,, MRl :, TlWI,, ; T2,,,,, 106

116 MS :, :,, MRI :, T2 WI T1 WI, T2 WI, T1 T2 4. (1 ) MRI (2 ) MRI 1.? MRI? 2. MRI 3. MRI 4. MRI? 5. MRI 6. MRI M RI 1. (1 ) MRI (2 ) MRI (3 ) MRI 2. MRI 3. (1 ) MRI : :,,,,, MRI T1 WI, T1 WI T2 WI T1WI : MRI, MRI, : MRI 107

117 T WI,, T1 WI T2 WI, (2 ) : :,,, 3 MRI :,, T1 WI, T2 WI, T1 T2 ; MRI,, :, T2 WI TlWI :,, 50%, 30% :,,,,,, MRI :,,,, T1 WI, T2 WI, GdDT PA,, :,,, MRI : T1 T2, Tl,, T1, T2, ;, :,,, MRI : T1 WI,, T2 WI,, T1 WI T2 WI GdDT PA :,, 90 % 20, 1/ 4,,, 1/ 4 MRI : T1,, T1 T2, 1/ 4, GdDTPA :,, GdDT PA,, 108

118 , a. ; b. ; c. MRI : 1.,,, T1 T2 ; 2., 3.,, T1 WI, T2 WI ; 4. GdDT PA :, : MRI :, 1. : T1 WI, T2 WI, T1 T2 ; 2. : T1 WI, T2 WI,, T1 WI T2 WI ; 3. : T1 WI, T2 WI MRI ; 4. : T1 WI, (3 ) : T2 WI : T1 WI, T2 WI, T1 WI, T2 WI ( 5% 25% ), T1 WI,, : T2 WI, Tl WI T2 WI ; MRI T1 T2, GdDT PA,, A.,,, 30% 60%, 5% 15% MRI : T1 WI,, T2WI, B. 1% 2 %,, 1., MRI : T1 WI,, T2 WI, T2 WI 2., MRI : T1 WI,, ;,,, T2 WI T1 WI T2 WI,,,,, :, ( ) ( ) ( ) MRI : 1. : T1 WI,, T2 WI,, ;

119 T2 WI, ; 3. : ; 4. :, ; 5. : T1WI, T2 WI,, Tl T2, GdDTPA Tl, CT : a. ; b. ; c. ; d. :,, :,,,,,,,,,, MRI : T1 WI, T2 WI, GdDT PA (4 ) : :, : MRI, CT, ; ; ;, MRI : 1% 5 %, :,, ;,, : a. : ; b. : ; c. : ; d. : MRI :, ;, T1 WI T2 WI, MRI, :, ;,,, - MRI :,, T1 WI, T2 WI GdDT PA, T1 WI T2 WI 110

120 MRA :,, MRI :,, T1 WI, T2 WI, GdDT PA, T1 WI, T2 WI, GdDT PA MRA MRI : 80%, 80%, 20 %, ; ;,, MRI : T1 WI,, T2 WI,, T1 WI T2 WI, 4. (1 ) MRI (2 ) MRI (3 ) MRI 1.? MRI 2. MRI 3. MRI? 4.? MRI? 5. MRI MRI 1. (1 ) MRI (2 ) MRI (3 ) MRI 2. MRI 3.,,,, MRI 111

121 : MRI, ;, ;,, MRI,,, MRI MRI,, I :, Tl T2, ; II : Tl, T2 ; III : Tl T2,, II, III : 5% 11%,, : a., ; b. T1 T2,, ; c. Gd - DT PA, ; MRI d. : 15%, 75 % MRI : a., ; b. T1 T2, T1 T2, ; c.,,, ; d. Gd - DT PA, ; e. 90%, 10 %, 5% 10% : 10%,,, ;, : MRI : MR I, T1 WI T2 WI,, T1 T2, Gd - DT PA, :, MRI :,, T1WI, T2 WI : MRI :,, : 14% 25 %, 90 %,, 112

122 , MRI : T1 T2, T1 T2, Gd - DT PA, (2 ) : MRI,,, (3 ) : MRI, MRI,, :, MRI : a. MR I b. T2 WI, c., T1 WI T1 T2, T1 WI T2 WI d.,, T2 WI T1 WI e. MRI MRI ( MRA) :,,,, MRI : a. MRI b. MRI,,, c. d.,,, e.,, :,, (4 ) : MRI,,, MRI (5 ) ; MRI, 90 %,,,, MRI MRI :, ;,, ; ;, 113

123 ; ;, : MRI : a., T2WI, ; ; b. MRI,,, ; c. MRI,,, MRI MRI, : a. : MRI :,,, GER MRI b. : :,, MRI SE T1WI T2 WI, ;, ;, GER MRI c. : MRI :,,, SE, ( ), GER MRI : a. : MRI : SE T1WI,,, MRI, b. : MRI :, SE T1 WI, ( ), GER MRI, ( ) : MRI :, SE,, ;,, GER MRI, : MRI : a., ; b. SE ; c. GER MRI

124 MRI (2 ) MRI (3 ) MRI 1. MRI 2. MRI MRI 3. MRI? 4. : MRI 5. : MRI MRI 1. (1 ) MRI (2 ) MRI (3 ) MRI 2. MRI 3. (1 ) : MRI : ; MRI MRI SE, T1 WI,, ; T2 WI ; T1 WI, T2 WI,, : MRI Tl WI,, 40 %, T1 WI 0. 53mm T2 WI 80% 5cm,,, : MRI, T1 WI, T2 WI 25% T2 WI, T1 WI, T2 WI,, 115

125 MRI 1. 0cm T1 WI,, T2 WI :,,,,, Gd - DT PA T1WI,,, T2,, : MRI, T1 T2 Tl, : MRI, T1 WI, T2 WI T1 WI,, T2 WI Gd - DT PA,,,, T1 WI : MRI T1 WI, T2 WI,,,, Gd - DT PA, MR I (2 ) : : MRI SE T1 WI, ; T1 WI T2 WI, SE, T2 WI MRI T2 WI, T2 WI, ( MRCP )MRCP, ERCP : MRI, T1WI, T2 WI, T1 WI, T2 WI : T1 WIT2 WI,, T2 WI MRCP, : MRI, T2 WI, : MRI MRCP, T1 WI T2 WI (3 ) :, a. MRI,, T1 WI, T2 WI, ; T1 WI, T2 WI ; 116

126 MRI, T1 WI, T2 WI ;, T1 WI T2 WI b. MRI, T1 WI,, T2 WI, MRI Tl T2,, a. :, T1 WI, T1 WI, T2 WI, T2 WI MRCP, ; b. :, T1 WI, T2 WI T2 WI : a. :,, T1,,,, T2 MRI b. :,, T1 T2, T1 WI, (4 ) T2 WI : MRI T1,,, T2, Tl T2 : MRI : a., b. : c.,, MRI, : T1 WI, T2 WI,, ; Gd - DTPA, MRI,, : MRI, T1 WI, T2 WI : T1 WI T2 WI,,, :, MRI,, Tl, Tl, T1 WI,, MRI, MRI T2 T2, 117

127 a Cushing :,,, 2 3cm, T1 WI T2 WI,, b. :, T1 WI, T2 WI, ;, ;,, c. Conn ( ) :, T1 WI T2 WI,, d. : T1 WI, T2 WI,,,, e. : T1 WI ; T2 WI, ; T1 WIT2 WI f. :, T1 T2, ;, g. :, T1 WI ; T2 WI ; T1 T2, 4. (1 ) MRI (2 ) MRI (3 ) MRI MRI 1. (1 ) MRI (2 ) MRI (3 ) MRI 2. MRI 3. (1 ) : 118

128 MRI Tl, T2, CT, MRI CT : MRI MRI,,, CTMRI ; T1 WI ; T2 WI,, ; Gd - DT PA, ; (2 ) : :, T1 WI, ; T2 WI,, ;,,,, : a. MRI T1 WI, T2 WI, b. MRI,, ; c. MRI, (3 ) : : MRI, 0. 5cm ( ) ; T1 WI ; T2 WI,,,, T2 WI,, : MRI, a. T2, ; b. T2 WI ; c.,, ; T1 WI T2 WI ; : MRI T2 ; :, T2 WI ; :,, ; :, ; :,,, : MRI T1 ; T2 119

129 MRI Tl T ; : MRl,,,, MRI 4. (1 ) MRI (2 ) MRI (3 ) MRI 1. MRI 2. ( ) MRI 3. MRI? MRI? 4. MRI 5. MRI 6. MRI M RI 1. (1 ) MRI (2 ) MRI (3 ) MRI 2. MRI 3. MRI,,,, (1 ) : : MRI Tl,, T2,, 120

130 MRI, T1, T2, T1 T2, Gd - DT PA,,,,, Gd - DT PA,, : MRI, MRl, T1 T2 T2 WI,, Gd - DTPA,, (2 ) : : MRl, : :,, T1 T2, T2, :,, ( ) Schmorl :, ( ),, :,,, T1 T2, ;, ; :,, MRI,,, T1 T2 (3 ) :, MRI, T1 WI,,, T2 WI ;, T1 WI T2 WI, T1 WI T2 WI ;, MRI 121

131 T WI MRI CT (4 ) : :, MRI Tl, T2,, : MRI Tl, T2, GdDTPA (5 ) :,, : 15%,,,, MRI Tl,, T2,,,,,, GdDT PA : 60%,, A. MRI T1,,,,, ; T2, GdDT PA,, B. : T1, ; T2,, ( ), GdDT PA, : 25%,,, MRI T1,, T1 T2, (6 ) : MRI T1,,,,, 4. (1 ) MRI (2 ) MRI (3 ) MRI T2 1. MRI MRI 122

132 MRI 3. MRI 4. MRI? 5. MRI? 6. MRI 123

133 1. (1 ) (2 ) (1 ) (2 ) :,,,,, (3 ) :, ; ;, ; ; ; ; ; (4 ) : 4. (1 ) (2 ) 1. (1 ) (2 )

134 (1 ) : Seldinger, (2 ) : (3 ) : (4 ) : ; (1 ) :,,,, 2,, a. ; b.,, d. c. (2 ) :,, ;,,

135 (2 ) (1 ) :,, ; (2 ) :, (3 ) :,, ;,,, (4 ) :,,, (5 ) : ,

136 4. 127

137 X X,, : X, : (1 ) ( ) : X,,, : (2 ) :, X,,, (3 ) : 120kV X,,, (4 ) : X, 40kV X,,,,,,, : (1 ) :,,, ; (2 ) :,,,, 128

138 CT CT, ( ) ( ), CT : (1 ) : (2 ) :,,, (, ),,, CT, CT : (1 ) (2 ), (3 ),, ( ) (4 ),, : (1 ), (2 ) 70,, (3 ),, CT, ( MR) MRI,,, ( T R ), 129

139 TR,,,, GdDT PA ( ) MRI, ( DSA ) ( DSA),,,,,,,,,,,, : (1 ), ( ) (2 ), (3 ) (4 ),, (5 ),, ;,,,,, (6 ), (7 ) 130

140 ,, ; ;,,, Wallace 1979 : (1 ) : ( ) (2 ) : ( ) 1. (1 ) : (2 ) : (3 ) : (4 ) : 2. (1 ) : ( ) (2 ) : (3 ) (4 ) 3. (1 ) : (2 ) (3 ) : (4 ) : (5 ) (6 ),,, 131

141 ,,, ;, ProXon ( ), : (1 ), (2 ) (3 ) ( ),,,, (1 ),,,,,,, (2 ),, Valsalva, (3 ),, 4 : ; ; ;, ( ) SPECTP ET,, 1. (1 ) :, (2 ) : (ab), B + 132

142 X 250kev 99 m TC 140kev,, (3 ) (4 ) (5 ) (6 ) (7 ) 2. : (1 ) :,, ;,,,,, ( 1 ),, (2 ) :,,, (3 ) : SPECT , (4 ) :, 2, 2 (5 ) :,,,,,,,,

143 ,,,,, 2., ( ),,, ;, : (1 ) (2 ) (3 ) (4 ) (5 ) (6 ) (8 ) 32P 134

144 ( US ) ( ),,,,,, (), () 1. 2.,, 3. 4.,

145 ( ) FNAB, 1., , () ( CT ) () X X,, X,, CT,, CT,, () : ( ), ( ), CT, CT, () CT FNAB, () 1., 2., 3., () 1. 2.,

146 ) ( RNS ) () ( RNS ), CT,, ( Tc),, 6,, (), () () () () 1., ( MRI ) () ( MRA) MRI 6 () 137

147 ) 1. : : 2.,,,, 3.,, 4.,,, 5., 6.,,,, () 1., , () () (), MRI,,, X () ( X, ) (),,, () X, 138

148 X 30% ( ) X / : () X 25, 35 ( US ) () (),,,, : 10% X,, X,, CT () CT :,, CT,,, CT,,,,, CT,, CT, 139

149 ) X,,,,,, CT,, CT CT ( ), CT MRI, 50%, 6 CT, MR I T2,,, CT MRI,, MRI CT MR ( SAH) CT CT, ( DSA) () CT 4872 CT,,, SAH: 1. CT 2. 48,,, CT () DSA SAH CT,, DSA (), CT ( CTA) MR ( MRA), DSA, MR I,, CT MRI () 140

150 / 5. / CT () CT CT MR I,, / TIARANO,,,, T IA, ( ),,,, DSA, : ( > 99% ) 3. TIA () DSA, DSA DSA, DSA,,, () MRA MRA DSA, MRA DSA 141

151 MRA DSA MRA MRA, MRI ; CT MR I ( ) ( ) MRI, MRI, MRI CT : 1., CT 2. MRI 3. CT, MRI 4.,, CT 5. MRI 20 CT 2,, MRI MRI CT CT () () CT CT, CT () X, X X, : (, ) 142

152 ) US,,, (), () CT/ MRI CT MRI, :, CT MRI CT, MRI () CT ( FNAB) () / /, ;,, () US, ( MNG) () RNS 99 Tc 131 I 123 I () CT/ MRI CT/ MR I, () :,, ( ) 143

153 1. ) / : ( ) 2..,,, ( T4 ),, :, () RNS 99 m Tc Graves Hashimoto CT,, 131 I () US, () : Graves ( Plummer ) Hashimoto,, l5 %, 2 % 4%,,, 95%, 5% 10%,, 144

154 ) US CTMRI, () RNS 99 m TcSESTAMIBI 90% 95% 201 Ti - 99m Tc SES TAMIBI,, () CT, CT, () MRI MRI /, RNS () DSA,, CT, (),, () CT,,,,,, ( X ) () CT CT,, (),, 145

155 ( ) 1. (1 ) CXR,, : CXR,, (2 ) CT,, CT ( CTA), (3 ) DSA (4 ) US, ( TOE) 2., (1 ) CXR RNS (2 ) RNS /,,,, CXRS, RNS, CXRS,, RNS, CTA RNS (3 ) CT ( CTA) CTA,, 4, CXRS, CTA, RNS (4 ) 146

156 DSA RNS 24 (6 ) ( IVC) (7 ) :, 3. (DVT) 30 % 40 %,, 15% 25% (1 ),,, BAKRE (2 ),,, 4.,, (1 ) X X, X (2 ) CT CT ( HRCT ), CT, (3 ) 147

157 (4 ) ( 65 % ) CT : : : 5. HRCT ) (1 ) X X, 40% X (2 ) CT CT X,, X (3 ) (4 ) : /, / -, Wegener,, 6.,,, 50% (1 ) X 35,, (2 ) CT, CT,, 148

158 (3 ) MRI CT ( FNAB),, CT (4 ) :, TB,,, wegener 7., 30% (1 ) X,, (2 ) CT,, CT, CT MR I (3 ),, (4 ) : Wegener 8. (1 ) CXR CXR / 149

159 CT 1. CT CT, CT,,, CT,, ; ;, 2. CT, 10% (3 ), MRI CTMRI, RNS CT, (4 ) CT, ( FNAB) 9.,, (1 ) CXR CXR,, CXR 1. :, : 2., 3., 4., (2 ) CT CT ( HRCT ), CXR,, CT (3 ) CT CXR, CXR,,,, CT FNAB CT, (4 ) RNS,, 150

160 (5 ) : -, 10. CXR, (1 ) CXR,, CXR,, (2 ) CT,, CT (3 ) US (4 ) : ( < 30g/ L) ( > 30g/ L) (5 ) :, TB ( ) 1. CXR CT, 151

161 X (2 ) US (3 ) RNS RNS Captopril, 131 IMIBG, 75S E (4 ) DSA DSA,,, : (5 ) CT, CT, CT, CT, CT ( CTA) DSA. (6 ) MRI MRI ( MRA) (7 ) : 2. / X ; (1 ) X X (2 ) RNS ( 201 Ti) 99 m - ( 99 m TcSestamihiis) 152 CT

162 T i, 99 m Tcsebtamihiis, 201 Ti,, 99 m Tcsestamihiis,,,, ( Persantine) ( Dobutamine), 2. ( RN VG) 99 m Tc, RNVG, RNVG 3. ( Pyrophosphate) 99 m Tc ( ), 28 (3 ) DSA,, (4 ) US, Dobutamine %, 2 70%,, (1 ) X,, (2 ) CT CT,,, 100% CT, (3 ) US ( TOF ),, (4 ) MRI 153

163 MRl 100%, 94 % MR, MR (5 ) DSA 88%,, (6 ) : 4. ( AAA), AAA 45% (40% ) AAA, (1 ) US AAA, 5cm, AAA (2 ) CT CT : AAA ; AAA ; CT ( CTA) -, CT (3 ) DSA DSA,, CTA DSA (4 ) MRI DSA MR ( MRA) (5 ) AAA, (6 ) : : cm cm 5cm, 5., 154

164 , - ( AB ),,, (1 ),,, 60 50%, 80%, 90% (2 ) DSA DSA (3 ),, (4 ) MR ( MRA) CT ( CTA) 6. CXR, (1 ) CXR, CT CXR, (2 ) CT, CT,, (3 ) MRI MRI, MRI MRI CT, MRI (4 ),,,,, RNS (5 ) :

165 ( ) 1. ( ),, CT (1 ),,,,, (2 ) CT (3 ) RNS RNS,,, (4 ) (5 ) :,, :,, ;, ;,, 2.,, (1 ) (2 ) US 156

166 , ( IVP ),, CT (3 ) CT CT, CT CT CT, ( Crohnd iseases )CT, (4 ),,,, (5 ), (6 ) CT FNAB 3. (1 ) US,,,, (2 ), (3 ) CT CT CT,,, CT CT US (4 ) CT (5 ) FNAB CT 4., 157

167 (2 ) CT CT CT (3 ) CT, (4 ) MRI, (5 ) 5. CT,, CT (1 ) CT CT CT,, CT, (2 ) US,, ICU, CT (3 ) RNS RNS (4 ) (5 ) CT. 158

168 X, (1 ) X ( CXR ) X :,, (2 ) CT, CT CT, CT (3 ),,,,, CT (4 ),,,, 7. (1 ) US,,, ( Riedel lobe), (2 ) CT, CT CT, CT CT, CT (3 ) RNS RNS RNS CT 159

169 MRI (5 ) DSA,, (6 ) CT FNAB 22 ( G), (14-18 ), CT, FNAB 8.,, CT,, (1 ) US, (2 ) CT CT CT (3 ) (4 ) :, :,, :,, 9. US CT (1 ) US,, (2 ) CT, CTCT (3 ) : : 160

170 , (1 ) (2 ) CT CT CT CT (3 ) MRI MR ( MRV) TIPS (4 ) TIPS, TIPS (5 ) : / / ; : ; : ( BuddChiari) () 11. (1 ) US, :, (2 ) CT CT CT (2 ) ERCP PTC ( ERCP ) ( PTC ),, P TC, ERCP ERCP, (3 ) MRI ( MRCP ) ERCP,,, 161

171 CT ; FNAB, (5 ) : : : % 3 % 10 % 95 % (1 ) US, 95%, (2 ) ( OCG),,, (3 ) ERCP, ERCP ERCP, (3 ) RNS 99 m Tc ( TcIDA),,,, 99 m TcIDA 4,, 95%, 4,, 95% HIDA (4 ) ;, 10% 15 % X 13.,,, (1 ) US,, 162

172 CT CT, CT : 4872,, / CT CT (3 ) ERCP, ERCP ERCP (4 ) CT, (5 ) ; ; 14.,,, (1 ) CT CT CT, CT (2 ) US,,, (3 ) ERCP ERCP, CT ERCP, (4 ) P TC ERCP ERCP 163

173 ERCP P TC, (5 ) CT FNAB,, PTC (6 ) DSA (7 ) MRI MRI CT, ( ) 1. MRCP, (1 ) ( IVP ), ( IV P ), (2 ) US () (3 ) CT.,, CT (4 ) ( RGP/ AGP ),,, (5 ) : ( 90 % X ) :, 2., CT (1 ) US, 164

174 , (2 ) CT CT, CT,, 36 CT, (3 ) MRI MRI (4 ) : ; ; ; : (5 ) : : :,, US: CT : HU HU 3., (1 ) US (2 ), (3 ) ( MCU ) MCU 4.,,, 165

175 CT CT CT,,, CT (CTA) (DSA) CT, (2 ) US (3 ) CT CT,,,,,, (4 ) (5 ) 5. :,, (1 ) US,, (2 ), X (3 ) RNS ( ),,,, DSA, (4 ) ( AGP ), AGP 166

176 (1 ) RNS RNS 99 m TcDTPA 99 m TcMAG - 3,, ( ANT ), (2 ) US,,,, (3 ) CT, (4 ) : : :, 7. ( ) CT (1 ), (2 ) US, (3 ) ( RGP ), (4 ) CT CT 8. ( DRE ), ( PSA), DRE PSA, ( TRUS),, 167

177 CT ( ) (2 ) US,, ( T RUS) DRE PSA, TRUS, TRUS, PSA TRUS, (3 ) CT CT (4 ) RNS (5 ) MRI 9.,,, 48,,, (1 ) US, (2 ),,,,, (3 ) CT CT, (4 ) : : : 10.,, 168 CT

178 CT CT :,, 36 CT (2 ) RNS 131 IMIBG ( ), 75 SE norcholesterol (3 ), FNAB (4 ) DSA, 1., (1 ), X X, : (2 ), (3 ),, (4 ) CT MRI,, (5 ) :,, 169

179 ( > 4 ),, X,,,, X,, 6,,, :,, CT X 3.,,, (1 ) US ( 57.5MHz),,, (2 ), (3 ) RNS X 99m TcDT PA,, (4 ) CT/ MR I,, CT CT CT, (5 ) DSA, (6 ) 170

180 (7 ) : CT FNAB) (,, ) : wilm 4., / (V UR) ( 30% ),,, (1 ) US,,, /,,, (2 ) ( MCU ), X MCU,,,,, MCU MCU, X MCU (3 ) RNS 99 m TcDTPA, 99 m TcDMSA (4 ) ( V UR) US, 171

181 ,,,,,,,,,,, : ,,,,,,,,, 2. 12, US P/ H 2l (< 3mm) (Rh,, P/ H ) 4mm ,,, 172

182 P H / / P/ H ,, ,, :,,, ( IUCD),,, CT CT, X, CT, CT MRI MRI,,,,, MRI : ,,, 173

183 ,, HCG US,,,, < 3cm > 5cm,, CT CT :, :,, ( RI < 0. 4), :, X X X US X,, X X :, X 30,,, ;,, X MRI MRI, 174

184 X MRI,,, FNAB,, ( ), ( ),,, X,,,, () CT CT,,,,,, CT CT () MRI, MRI, () RNS X,,,, X,,, 50 (), 175

185 ) CT,,,, CT CT CT CT / CT CT ( CT ), CT CT () MRI MRI MRI MRI CT,, MRI, MRI, CT, MRI,,, MRI MRI () () US, US /, US,, MRI US () / CT () MRI ( SLAP ), () RNS RNS 176 MRI,

186 ) : / :, MRI CT (), () CT CT, CT,, CT () MRI, MRI MRI ; MRI, ; MRI, CT () / CT, () RNS, RNS, () ( LFJB) RNS,,,, X 177

187 DEXA) ( BMD),, BMD X (DBXA) X,, BMD, 1. CT (QCT) : QCT, DXA ; DKXA 2. :,, 3. :,,, 4. BMD : ; 12 ;, ;,,,, ; BMD 12 BMD ( ) ( ),,,,, ( ), 26, X, : 178

188 ) RNS, : () CT/ MRI,,, CT,, () MRI, 2 2,,, () RNS 99 m TcMDP, 23, 99m TcMDP, 99 m TcMDP, 67Ga 99m Tc, () MRI MRI, CT, MRl () CT, CT,,, CT,, () US MRI,,,,, (),,, :,,, 179

189 ) RNS 99 m TcMDP, 67 Ga 99 m Tc () MRI MRI,,, () CT CT, () US CT,,, (), X,, (), :,, () RNS () CT/ MRI, CT MRI, () CT,,,, MRI,, (), 180

190 ) RNS,, () MRI MRI () : /, :,,,,,, : CT MR I () US, (),,, : () CT CT,,, ; CT () MRI MRI CT, MRI MRI () () :, 181

191 ,,,,,,,,,,,, CT CT,, X ;, CT,,, : CT X ( CT ), ;,,, CT (, 0.1% 0. 5% ),,,, CT, CT,,,, MRI 1. MRI (1 ) MRI (2 ) MRI (3 ) MRI (4 ) MRI ( ), MRI, MRI (5 ), MRI MRI CT MRI, MRI CT 182

192 MRI, MRI CT MRI,, ( ) (7 ) CT, CT 1224 (8 ), CT (9 ) MRI, (10) MRl CT 2. MRI (1 ) MRI, MRI (2 ) MRI, MRI (3 ) MRI :, ;,, MRI, (4 ),, DSA 1.,,,,,,,, : (1 ) :,, (2 ) : : (1 ) (2 ) (3 ) (4 ), (5 ) 2., 2% 3%, l/ 21/ 3,, 183

193 , 1mm, 3mm,, : (1 ), (2 ) (3 ), 1. (1 ), (2 ) (3 ), (4 ), (5 ) CT,,,,, CT,,, ;, ;,,, (1 ),,,, X,, (2 ),,, ;, (3 ) (4 ) (5 ), (6 ), CT,,, X CT,,, 184

194 ,,,,,,, :,, CT MRI X,, CT X ( ),,, X : X ( ) ; CT,, CT,, CT, : ( )( ECT ),,,,,?,, CTX ( ) ;, X PTC X, CT, X,,, X,,,,,,,,, 185

195 X ( 1) ( 1) ( 2) ( 2) ( 3) ( 1) (1) ( 2) ( 2) ( 3) CT ( 1) ( 1) ( 2) ( 2), ( 3) ( 3), MRI ( 1) ( 1) ( 2) ( 2) (3) ( 3) ( 4) ( 5) DSA ( 1) ( 1) ( 2) ( 2) ( 3) SPE CT ( PET CT ) ( 1) DSA (1) X ( 2) ( 2) ( 3) 186

196 1. X :, X :, X :, X :, X :, X :, X :, X :, X : X : X :,, X ;, X :, X :, X :, X :, X :, X :,, X :,, X 2. CTMRI : :, :,, 15 : CTMRI, : : 3. :, ; 45, 187

197 , : ( ) : : :,, :,, :,, : X,, X 5. X 6., 1624, 256, 7.,,,, 8. CT 9. CT 10. CT 11. CT 12. Tl T2,, 188

198 ,,,,, :,,, (1 ), ( X, CT MRI ) (2 ),, :,,, ;, (3 ),,,, (4 ),,,,,,,,,,, ;, (5 ),, (6 ),,, ;,,,,,,, (7 ),,,, X I. (1 ) : ; ; ; ; ; ; ; 189

199 : ; ( ) (3 ) : ;, ;, ; (4 ) : ; ; (5 ) : ; ; (6 ) : ; ; ; (7 ) : ; ; ; X : (1 ) : ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; (2 ) :, ; ; ;, ; ; : ; ; ( cm) ;, ; ;, ; ; ; ; ; ;, ; ; ; ; ;, ;, ;, ;,, ; ; ; ; 2. (1 ) : ; ; ; ; (2 ) : ; ; ( ) 3. (1 ) : ; ; ; ; ; ; (2 ) : ; ; ; (3 ) : ; ; ; ; ; ; 4. ( GI) (1 ) : ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; (2 ) : ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; (3 ) :, ; ; ; : ; ; IIIII,,,,, 5. (1 ) (2 ) ; ; ; ; 190

200 ; ; (4 ) : ; 6. (1 ) : ; ( ) (2 ) : ; ; ; (3 ) : ; (4 ) : ; (5 ) : ; ; ; (6 ),,,,, 7. ; ; ( ) ; 1 8. (1 ) ; (2 ) : ; ; ; (3 ) : ; ; (4 ) : ; ; (5 ) : ; ( ) (6) : ( ) ; () ; ( ) (7 ),, (8 ) ; 9. (1 ) :,,, ; ; (2 ) :, (3 ),, (4 ),,,,, (5 ) (6 ),,,,,,, (7 ) :,,,, 10. (1 ) :,,, ;,,, (2 ) :,, ;,,, (3 ) 24 ;

201 : (2 ) :,,,,, (3 ) :,,,,,, (4 ) (5 ) :,,,, Codman (6 ) :,,,,,, 12. (1 ) :,,, (2 ) :,, (3 ) :,,,, (4 ) :,,,, (5 ) :,, (6 ) :, (7 ), 13. (1 ),,, (2 ) :,,, ;,, (3 ) :,,, (4 ) (5 ) :,,, 14. (1 ) :,,,,,, (2 ) :, (3 ) :,, (4 ) :,, (5 ) :, (6 ) :,, (7 ) (8 ) :,,,,,, (9 ) :,,,, (10) 15. (1 ) :,,, (2 ),,,,,,,,, (3 ) :,,, (4 )

202 ), ( ), ( (2 ),, (3 ) :,,, (4 ) :,,,, (5 ) :,, CT CT, :, CT,,,,, 1. CT,,,,,, 2.,, CT,, ;, 3. CT,, CT, CT, ; CT,,, 4., :,,, ; 5.,,,,,,,,,,,,, : (1 ),, (2 ),, 193

203 ,, (3 ) :,, ;, ;, ; ;,,,, : (1 ), (2 ), (3 ), (4 ), (5 ), : (1 ) ( ), (2 ) (3 ) ( ) (4 ) (5 ) (6 ) /, 194

204 1. :, 2. :,, 3. :,,, 4. :, 5. :,,, 6. :,,, 7. : 8. ( X ) :,, 9. ( X ) :,, 10. (X ) :, 11. ( X ) :, 12. ( X ) :,, 13. (X ) :, 195

205 : 2, 12mm,, 15. :,, 23cm, 1011mm, 16. : ( S),,,,, 17. :, 18. :, 19. :, 20. : 21. :,, 22. :,, 23. :, 24. :, 25. :,,, 26. :,,,, 27. :,, 28. :, X :,, 15mm, 29. :, 30. :,, 31. :, 30 20mmHg,, 32. :,, ( > 25mmHg), 33. :, 196

206 34. :,,,, 35. : 36. :, 1cm,,,, 37. :,,, X, 38. :,,, 39. : 40. :,, 41. 3: ; 3, 42. :, 43. :,,, :,, Luschka 45. :, Cooper,,,,,,, 46. :,, 47. :,, 48. : 49. :,, ; (CT ) :,, -,, 51. (CT ) :, 197

207 52. ( CT ),, 53. (CT ) : 54. ( CT ) :,,,,,, 55. (CT ) :,,,,, 56. (CT ) :,, 57. S :,, S 58. (CT ) :,,, 59. (CT ) :, 60. (CT ) :,,, 61. ( CT ) :,,, 62. ( CT ) :,,, 63. (CT ) :,,,, 64. () :,, 65. : 90,,,,,,, 66. :,, 67. ( MRI ) :, T1 WI T2 WI ; 198

208 68. ( MRI) : MRI 69. ( MRI ) :, CT, T1 T2 70. ( MRI) : CT X,,,, T1WI T2WI, CT, MRI, X 71. ( MRI ) : T1WI T2WI,, 72. (MRI ) : MR I X CT, MRI T1WI, ; T2WI, 1. :,, Colles :,, 3. Smith : ( smith ) Colles 4. :,, 5. Perkin : Y, Hilgenreiner,, Perkin, Perkin 6. Shenton :,, 7. :,, 8. :,, 9. :,, : ; ; ; ; ; ; 199

209 :,,,, 11. :,,, 12. () :,, 13. Schmorl :,, Schmorl 14. :,, 15. Brodie : ( Brodie ),, 16. : () 17. :,,,,, 18. :,,, ( tumor albus) 19. Wimberger :,,,, Wimberger, 20. :,,,,, 21. :, X, 22. Codman : Codman,, 23. Maffucci : Maffucci 24. :,,,,, 25. :,,,,,, 26. :,,,, 27. :,,,, 28. ( MR ) :,,, 200

210 , 29. Looser : ( Looser ),,, 30. :,, Vc 31. :,,, Vc 32. :,, Vc 33. :,,,,, Va 34. :,,,, 35. :,, 36. :,,,,, 37. :,, 38. :,,,, 39. :,, 40. :,,, 41. :,, 42. :,,,, 43. :,,, 201

211 Charcot :, ( Charcot joint), 90 %, 45. :,,,, ;, 46. : () (), (), 47. : X,,, 48. :,, 49. :, X,,, 50. :,, 51. :, ( ), 1. :,,,, ;,,,,,, 2. ( X CT) :, X,, CT,,, 3CM CT 3. : CT,,, 4. :,, 2/ 3,,, 5. :,,, 6. :, 7. : 202

212 :,, 9. :,,,,, 10. :, 11. Horner :, ;, ;, Horner 12. :, 13. S :,,, S S S 14. :,,,, 15. :,, 16. :, 17. : CT, 18. :,,, 19. :,,,, 20. : 1mm,, X,, 21. Kerley ABCD :, Kerley ABCD, B A,, 24cm, 1cmB,,, 2cm, B C,, D B 22. :,,, 203

213 23. Westermark :,,,, 24. :,,, 25. :,, ( Hilar dance) 1. Eisenmenger :,,,,, X, Eisenmenger,,,, 2. :,,,, 3. : 4. :,,, 5. :,, 80%,,, 6. :,,,,, 7. :,,,,,,,, 8. 8 :, 8 X ( ) 1. Barret : Barret -,, 2cm Barret 2. :,,,,, 3. A B :,, A, 204

214 ,, B,, 4. :,, 5. :,, 6. : 12mm 7. :, 0.51cm, 8. :, 9. :, 1.0cm,, 10. :,,,, 11. :,,,,, 12. : 1,, 3, 45,,,, 13. :,,,,,, 14. : ;,,, ;, 15. :,,,,, 16. :, 17. :,,,,,, 18. :,,, 19. :,,, 205

215 :, 21. : T2 WI, ( P655),, 22. :,,, T1WI, T2WI, 23. :,, 24. :,,,, 25. :,, 26. :,, MRI, 27. :, (+ ),, 28. :,, 29. :,,, 30. :, 31. : 32. :,, 33. Budd - Chiari :, ; : ; 34. : ( Mirrizzi syndrome),, 35. : 30,, Rokitansky - Aschoff 206

216 , 36. :,,,,, 37. :,, ;, 38. 3:, 3, 39. :, 40. :,, 41. :,,,, ;,,, U,,, 42. :,, 43. :,,,, 44. :,,, 45. :,, 10cm, 20cm,, 46. :,,,,,, 1. :,, 2. :,, ;, 3. :,, % : 10 % 10%, 10% 207

217 1. : MRI, T1WI, T2WI,,, 2. : CT, ( tuft ) 3. :,,,, 4. : ;, 5. :,,,, ( ) 6. : CT,,,, 7. : CT, 8. :,,,, T2WI,, T2WI, 9. : 24, CT, (, ) 10. : ( ), 11. : 23, CT, CT,,,,,, CT CT 12. :,, 13. : CT, ( ), 14. :, ( ),,, 208

218 :,,, 16. Wilson : ( ), 209

219 X acromioclavicular joint air bronchogram ankle joint ankylosis of joint arches of foot biligrafin bone age bone canaliculi bone cortex bone deformity bone destruction bone lacuna bone lamella bony articular surface bursa calcification carpal bones cavity chondral calcification compact bone and spongy bone degeneration of joint destruction of joint diaphysis digital subtraction angiography, DSA dislocation of joint dual photon absorptiometry, DPA X dual X - ray energy absorptiometry, DXA elbow joint encapsulated deffusion end plate 210

220 epiphyseal line epiphyseal plate epiphysis exudation fibrotic lesion filling defect free pleural effusion haemosiderosis Hafersian system haversian lamella hilar dance hip joint hydropneumothorax hydroxyapatite crystal hyperostosis osteosclerosis intercondyloid eminence interlobar effusion intermediate lamella intenal and external circumfereutial lamella interstitial pulmonary oedema intervertebral disc intervertebral foramen intervertebral space intra - alveolar pulmonary oedema joint joint capsule joint cartilage joint cavity joint space knee joint lamellar bone left atrial enlargement left ventricular enlargement ligament localized pleural effusion looser zone mass medullary space 211

221 metacarpal bones metaphysis metatarsal bones niche obstructive atelectasis obstructive emphysema oral cholecystography ossification ossification centre osteoblast osteoclast osteocyte osteomalacia osteonecrosis osteoporosis periosteal proliferation periosteal reaction periosteum and internal periosteum phalanges of fingers phalanges of toes pleural thickening pleural tumor pneumothorax proliferative lesion pulmonary hilar enlargement pulmonary arterial hypertension pulmonary arterial pleonaemia pulmonary hypertension pulmonary oligaemia pulmonary venous hypertension pulmonary venous pleonaemia CT quantitative computed tomography, QCT right atrial enlargement right ventricular enlargement sequestrum shoulder joint soft tissue mass soft tissue swelling 212 adhesion and calcification

222 subpulmonary effusion swelling of joint tarsal bones tibia tuberosity trabecula Volkmann canal woven bone wrist CT anterior pararenal space aortopulmonary window level bone window CT CT angiography CTA density resolution distal of the aortic arch level dural sac dynamic contrast - enhanced imaging CTelectron beam CT, EBCT fluid - fluid level four - chamber level high resolution CT, HRCT H U Hounsfield Unit intra/ extra - capsular ligaments lateroconal fascia left atrial level pericardial defect pericardial effusions pericardial neoplasm pericardial thickening and calcification pericardium perirenal space posterior pararenal space pulmonary artery level soft - tissue window spatial resolution CTspiral CT aortic arch level ventricle level 213

223 MR H 31P MR H 31p MR spectroscopy 3 - D gradient echo imaging annulus bone marrow chemical - shift imaging coronal view echo time, TE epidural fat flow void phenomenon flow - related enhancement functional MRI, fmri Gadolinium, Gd inversion recovery, IR laminar flow left ventricular oatflow tract view left - anterior oblique view long - axis longitudinal relaxation time, T1 magnetic resonance angiography, MRA magnetic resonance urography, MRU magnetization transfer with fast adiabatic trajectory methemoglobin MR MR angiography, MRA MRCP myocardial tagging nucleus pulposus phase contrast, PC proton density, P proton relaxation enhancement effect proton weighted image, PWI repetition time, T R right anterior oblique view right ventricular oudflow tract view sagittal view short - axis T1 Tl weighted image, T1WI T2 T2 weighted image, T2WI 214

224 tagging time of - flight, TOF transverse relaxation time, T2 transvers view turbulent flow water image 21, 2l - trisomy syndrome, Down syndrome achondroplasia acromegaly acute gouty arthritis acute traumatic synovitis aneurysmal bone cyst ankylosing spondylitis, AS anterior marginal cartilage node, AMCN arachnodactyly bamboo spine Bence Jones protein bone bridge bone infarction bone island bone marrow bone tumor burning injury burst fracture cafe - au - lait patches CE center - edge angle Charcot joint chondroblastoma chondroectodermal dysplasia chondroma chondromalacia patellae chondrosarcoma chordoma cleidocranial dysostosis cleidocranial dysplasia Collesfracture complete fracture 215

225 drome complete tear compression fracture compression or wedge fracture compressive erosions congenital coxa vara congenital dislocation of the hip congenital elevation of the scapula congenital malformation p cri - chat syndrome, partial monosomy 5p - syn- anterior and posterior cruciate ligament injuries darmatan sulfate, DS degenerative osteoarthrosis degenerative spinal diseases development dysplasia of the hip, DDP disc herniation disproportionate rhizomelic dwarfism dolichostenomelia drawer test dyschondrosteosis ( ) ecchondroma electrical injury enchondroma enthesopathy eosinophilic granuloma epiphyseal injury Ewing sarcoma external callus extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma facet syndrome fallen fragment sign fatigue fracture fibrodysplasia ossificans progressive fibrosaroma of bone fibrous bridge fibrous callus fibrous cortical defect fibrous dysplasia of bone 216

226 fracture fragmental fracture Galeazzi fracture Gaucher disease giant cell tumor of bone giantism glomerular osteopathy gout greenstick fracture haemangioma Hand hemarthrosis hematoma hemihypertrophy hemivertebra Sch ler - Christian disease hemophilic arthritis heparan sulfate, HS hereditary multiple exostosis X histocytosis X - DR4 human leukocyte antigen DR4, HLA - DR4 hyperparathyroidism hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, HOA A hypervitaminosis A D hypervitaminosis D D hypovitaminosis D idiopathic osteolysis incomplete fracture incomplete tear internal callus intramedullary osteosarcoma juvenile ankylosing spondylitis, JAS juvenile rheumatoid athritis, JRA keratan sulfate, KS klinefelter syndrome lap seat - belt - type injuries lateral collateral ligament complexes lead poisoning Letterer - Siwe disease 217

227 leukemia leprosy ligament injuries lipoma liposarcoma localized myositis ossificans loose body lumbar posterior marginal cartilage node lymphangioma macromelia Madelung deformity magic phenomenon malignant osteoblastoma marble bone Marfan syndrome marginal erosions massive osteolysis medial collateral ligament complexes melorheostosis meniscal tears Monteggia fracture mosaic pat tern mucopolysaccharidosis, M PS multiple chondroma multiple osteochondromatosis myeloma myositis ossificans neuroarthropathy neurofibromatosis Niemann - Pick disease nonossifying fibroma occult fracture ossifying fibroma osteitis condensans generalisata, Paget osteitis deformans ostemoid osteoma osteoarthritis osteoarthrosis deforms endemica 218 LPMN

228 osteoblastoma osteocartilagenous exostosis oeteochondrodysplasias osteochondritis dissecans osteochondroma oeteochondrosis osteochondrosis of carpal scaphoid osteochondrosis of femoral head Legg - Perthes disease osteochondrosis of lunate bone, Kienbock disease osteochondrosis of metatarsal head osteochondrosis of tarsal scaphoid, Kohler disease osteochondrosis of tibial tuberosity osteoclastoma osteogenesis imperfecta osteogenic sarcoma osteoma osteoma in the craniofacial bone osteopathia condensans disseminata osteopathia striata osteopetrosis osteophyte osteopoikilosis osteosarcoma parosteal osteosarcoma patellofemoral malalignment pathological fracture pigmented villonodular synovitis plasmacytoma progressive myositis ossificans purulent osteomyelitis pyognic arthritis remodeling renal osteodystrophy renal osteopathy renal tubular osteopathy trident hand tuberculosis of bone tuberculosis of joint 219

229 tumor t uberculosis of spine like disease Turner syndrome. vertebral blocks vertebral coalition vertebral osteochondrosis of primary ossification center C vitamin C deficiency Xanthomatosis abestosis acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS actinomycosis acute military tuberculosis agenesis and hypoplasia of the lung allergic pneumonia aluminum pneumoconiosis amyloidosis of lung angiogram sign anthracosis aspergillosis bronchiectasis bronchogenic cyst bronchopneumonia broncho - pulmonary sequestration butterfly sign cement pneumoconiosis chronic bronchitis chronic pneumonia coalworker pneumoconiosis congenital bronchial cysts contusion of lung. cryptococcosis cylindrical bronchiectasis dermoid cyst diaphragmatic eventration diaphragmatic hemia electric arc welder pneumoconiosis esophageal cyst 220

230 foreign body of chest foundry worker pneumoconiosis Goodpasture syndmme graphite pneumoconiosis halo sign hamartoma ( ) hematogenous pulmonary tuberculosis Hodgkin lymphoma Hodgkin disease, HD honeycomb lung hydropneumothorax inflammatory pseudotumor interstitial pneumonia intrathoracic goiter kaolin pneumoconiosis Kaposi sarcoma laceration and hematoma of lung laceration of trachea and bronchus lipoma lobar pneumonia Loffler syndrome lung abscess 1ymphangioma lymphoma mediastinal emphysema mediastinal hematoma mediastinal tumor mediastinitis mesothelial cyst mesothelioma of pleura metastatic tumor of pleura mica pneumoconiosis neurogenic neoplasms non Hodgkin lymphoma, NHL. pleural thickening, adhesion and calcification pleuro - peritoneal hiatus hernia pneumocomosis pneumomediastinum 221

231 pneumothorax primary complex ) primary tuberculosis pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis pulmonary alveolar proteinosis pulmonary arterio - venous fistula pulmonary arterio - venous malformation, PAVM pulmonary connective tissue diseases pulmonary edema pulmonary embo1i pulmonary infarcts pulmonary sequestration pulmonary tuberculosis pyothorax radiation pneumonitis rheumatoid disease of the lung saccular bronchiectasis sarcoidosis ( III ) secondary pulmonary tuberculosis seminoma silicosis staphylococal pneumonia subacute or chronic hematogenous disseminatedpulmonary t uberculosis systemic lupus erythomatosis, SLE talc pneumoconiosis teratoma. thymoma tramline sign. traumatic diaphragmatic hernia. tuberculosis of intrathoracic lymph nodes, tuberculosis pleuritis varicose bronchiectasis Wegner granuloma aberrant subclavian artery aortic coarctation atrial septal defect, ASD 222

232 cardiomyopat hy constrictive pericarditis cor pulomnale coronary artery stenosis coronary heart disease dextrocardia dextroversion dilated cardiomyopathy Eisenmenger syndrome hilar dance hypertensive heart disease hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ischemic cardiomyopathy levoversion mitral stenosis patent ductus arteriosus PDA pericardial cyst pericardial effusion pulmonary artery stenosis restrictive cardiomyopathy rheumatic heart disease right sided aorta tetralogy of Fallot total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage ventricular septal defect, VSD abdominal tuberculoisis abscess of liver achalasia acute abdomen acute cholecystitis acute gastritis acute mechanical intestinal obstruction acute pancreatitis adenoma of the small intestine adenomatous dysplasia adenomatous polyp adenomyomatosis of gall bladder 223