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1 小風英文教室小風編輯

2 版權聲明本投影片唯能用在非營利教學用途之上本投影片歡迎轉載, 但不得修改後轉載轉載請註明出處有任何錯誤, 建議, 請聯絡作者小風英文教室 by Scott Deeann Chen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. 作者信箱 :awea.ther.star.craft ( 小老鼠 ) gmail ( 點 ) com

3 名詞

4 名詞專有名詞人名地方時間專有名詞第一字母須大寫一般名詞可數不可數描述一個東西時, 使用單數型, 不做變化描述多個東西時, 使用複數型最常見者為 N-s / N-es 其餘有許多不同規則, 依單字決定一律做單數使用

5 不可數名詞由類似事物組成的名詞 : fruit, furniture, money, etc. 固體液體氣體 : ice, water, steam, cheese, milk, etc. 由較小顆粒組成的集合 : rice, sand, flour, salt, etc. 抽象概念 homework, time, space, fun, information, grammar, etc. 語言 English, Chinese, etc.

6 不可數名詞科目領域 mathematics, engineering, history, linguistics. 休閒項目 baseball, basketball, Go, Chess, Starcraft, etc. 動名詞 typing, eating, learning, etc. 自然現象 weather, rain, dew, fog, hail, fire, gravity, light, etc. 以上只是一個參考原則, 每一個名詞須查字典

7 限定詞限定詞 (determiners) 前置限定詞 (predeterminers) 比例倍數 :all, half, both, double, three times, one-third, etc. 感嘆 :what, such 中置限定詞 (central determiners) 冠詞 :a/an, the 代名詞所有格 :my, his, her, etc. wh-:what, which, whose, whatever, whichever, whosever 數量 :no, enough, some 指定 :this, that, these, those 每一 / 任一 :every, each, either 後置限定詞 (postdeterminers) 整數 :one, two, three, etc. 序數順序 :first, second, next, past, other, additional, further, etc. 量詞 ( 單詞 ):( 可數 )many, few, several, ( 不可數 )much, little 量詞 ( 複合詞, 通常包含一數量名詞 ): plenty of, a lot of, lots of, a great/good deal of, a large/small amount/quantity of, a great/large/good number of

8 限定詞順序 : 1. 前置限定詞 2. 中置限定詞 3. 後置限定詞 4. 名詞 All the thirty students did well on the exam.

9 限定詞限定詞 (Determiners) 前置限定詞 (Predeterminers) 比例倍數 :all, half, both, double, three times, one-third, etc. 感嘆 :what, such 中置限定詞 (Central determiners) 冠詞 :a/an, the 代名詞所有格 :my, his, her, etc. wh-:what, which, whose, whatever, whichever, whosever 否定 :no 數量 :enough, some 指定 :this, that, these, those 每一 / 任一 :every, each, either 後置限定詞 (Postdeterminers) 整數 :one, two, three, etc. 序數 :first, second, next, past, other, additional, further, etc. 量詞 ( 單詞 ):( 可數 )many, few, several, ( 不可數 )much, little 量詞 ( 複合詞, 有時包含一數量名詞 ): plenty of, a lot of, lots of, a great/good deal of, a large/small amount/quantity of, a great/large/good number of

10 冠詞冠詞描述一名詞所涵蓋的範疇特指 ( 定冠詞 ) 非特指 ( 不定冠詞 ) 泛指 ( 不定冠詞 ) 可數不可數可數不可數可數不可數單數 the N the N a/an N *some N a/an N N 複數 the N-s 空冠詞 *some N-s 空冠詞 N-s 空冠詞 some 不是冠詞, 是限定詞中意思中最接近 a/an 者實際上可套用不同限定詞表達不同的意思

11 特指 ( 左 ) 非特指 ( 中 ) 泛指 ( 右 ) The banana on the plate is yellow. The bananas on the plate are yellow. I ate a banana. Some bananas are green. Bananas are yellow. 須界定特定物品未或不必界定之物品包含所有可能之物品

12 特指 ( 定冠詞 ) 特指 (definite) 在當描述明確, 且聽者也清楚知道的名詞時使用特指時, 無論使用單數或複數, 皆使用 the : Thank you for the banana. Thank you for the bananas. Thank you for the fruit.

13 非特指 / 泛指 ( 不定冠詞 ) 非特指 (indefinite) 時在描述名詞是哪一個並不重要, 或是不明確時使用非特指單數使用 a/an, 複數不可數時使用 some 或其他限定詞 : I have a chair. I have some chairs. I have some furniture. 泛指 (generic) 在描述一般情況時使用泛指時單數使用 a, 複數不可數時使用空冠詞 ( 不加冠詞 ): A guava is green. Guavas are green. Fruit is delicious.

14 定冠詞 THE 的泛指用法 the 在一些情況之下可在泛指時使用 : 物種或動物發明樂器種族 The elephant is the largest mammal on ground. Who invented the telephone? I play the piano. The Taiwanese (people) are friendly.

15 使用適當的冠詞 (O)Can you open the door for me? (?)Can you open a door for me? (?)Can you open a window for me? The corners of a table are sharp. The corners of tables are sharp. I met some people yesterday. The people were nice. 專有名詞如果本身包含 the, 則 T 須大寫, 不然則不需要 : I have been to The United Nations. I have been to the Willis Tower.

16 使用適當的冠詞單數可數名詞不可單獨存在, 其前須加限定詞! (X)I drove car. (O)I drove a car. (O)I drove the car my father gave me. (O)I drove that car. (O)I drove my car. 使用 the 時表示該名詞已清楚界定 the 不加在泛指之名詞之前 (X)I have the sister. (O)I have the key of that door. (X)The knife and the fork are used in formal dinners. (O)Knifes and forks are used in formal dinners.

17 表示數量之限定詞表示數量之限定詞所接名詞之單複數用在可數名詞前用在不可數名詞前 one each every two, three, etc. both a few several many a number of a couple of a little much a great deal of no some/any plenty of most all a lot of/lots of 單數複數 one banana each banana every banana two bananas both bananas a few bananas several bananas many bananas a number of bananas a couple of bananas 不可使用不可使用單數 ( 不可數 ) 不可使用 a little fruit much fruit a great deal of fruit 複數 ( 可數 ) 單數 ( 不可數 ) no bananas some/any bananas plenty of bananas most bananas all bananas a lot of/lots of bananas no fruit some/any fruit plenty of fruit most fruit all fruit a lot of/lots of fruit

18 表示數量之限定詞表示數量之限定詞所接名詞之單複數用在可數名詞前用在不可數名詞前 one each every two, three, etc. both a few several many a number of a couple of a little much a great deal of no some/any plenty of most all a lot of/lots of 單數複數 one banana each banana every banana two bananas both bananas a few bananas several bananas many bananas a number of bananas a couple of bananas 不可使用不可使用單數 ( 不可數 ) 不可使用 a little fruit much fruit a great deal of fruit 複數 ( 可數 ) 單數 ( 不可數 ) no bananas some/any bananas plenty of bananas most bananas all bananas a lot of/lots of bananas no fruit some/any fruit plenty of fruit most fruit all fruit a lot of/lots of fruit

19 FEW/LITTLE few/little 表示負面之很少之意 I ate little food this morning, so I am very hungry now. I only ate few cookies this morning, so I am very hungry now. a few/a little 表示正面之很少之意 I ate a little food this morning, so I m not very hungry now. I ate a few cookies this morning, so I m not very hungry now.

20 表示數量之限定詞表示數量之限定詞所接名詞之單複數用在可數名詞前用在不可數名詞前 one each every two, three, etc. both a few several many a number of a couple of a little much a great deal of no some/any plenty of most all a lot of/lots of 單數複數 one banana each banana every banana two bananas both bananas a few bananas several bananas many bananas a number of bananas a couple of bananas 不可使用不可使用單數 ( 不可數 ) 不可使用 a little fruit much fruit a great deal of fruit 複數 ( 可數 ) 單數 ( 不可數 ) no bananas some/any bananas plenty of bananas most bananas all bananas a lot of/lots of bananas no fruit some/any fruit plenty of fruit most fruit all fruit a lot of/lots of fruit

21 使用 OF 表達數量之時機使用數量名詞之後置限定詞要使用 : plenty of a lot of/lots of a great/good deal of a large/small amount/quantity of a great/large/good number of a majority of of 前必須為名詞或代名詞 of 與其後名詞形成介係詞片語

22 使用 OF 表達數量之時機所描述的名詞未被精確限定者不可使用 of: (X)All of books. (O)All of my books are here. (O)All my books are here. (O)All books are made of paper. 描述的名詞為代名詞要使用 of + 代名詞受格 : (X) All they are smart. (O) All of them are smart. no 後不可使用, 要使用代名詞 none 才能加 of: (X)No of the students came. (O)None of the students came. (O)No students came.

23 表示數量之限定詞表示數量之限定詞單複數用在可數名詞前用在不可數名詞前 one each every two, three, etc. both a few several many a number of a couple of a little much a great deal of no some/any plenty of most all a lot of/lots of 單數複數 one banana each banana every banana two bananas both bananas a few bananas several bananas many bananas a number of bananas a couple of bananas 不可使用不可使用單數 ( 不可數 ) 不可使用 a little fruit much fruit a great deal of fruit 複數 ( 可數 ) 單數 ( 不可數 ) no bananas some/any bananas plenty of bananas most bananas all bananas a lot of/lots of bananas no fruit some/any fruit plenty of fruit most fruit all fruit a lot of/lots of fruit

24 使用 OF 表達數量之時機 every 後不可使用, 要使用 every one 才能加 of: Every student came. Every one of the students came. one of, each of, every one of 後面接複數名詞 : One of the students came. Each (one) of the students came.

25 表示數量之限定詞表示數量之限定詞單複數用在可數名詞前用在不可數名詞前 one each every two, three, etc. both a few several many a number of a couple of a little much a great deal of no some/any plenty of most all a lot of/lots of 單數複數 one banana each banana every banana two bananas both bananas a few bananas several bananas many bananas a number of bananas a couple of bananas 不可使用不可使用單數 ( 不可數 ) 不可使用 a little fruit much fruit a great deal of fruit 複數 ( 可數 ) 單數 ( 不可數 ) no bananas some/any bananas plenty of bananas most bananas all bananas a lot of/lots of bananas no fruit some/any fruit plenty of fruit most fruit all fruit a lot of/lots of fruit

26 THE/A NUMBER OF the number of 表示某特定物品之數量 The number of students is forty-five. a number of 表示相當多 A number of students came to class today.

27 參考資料 Betty Schrampfer Azar, Understanding and using English rammar, Third Edition, 2006, Longman Sidney Greenbaum, The Oxford English Grammar, First Edition, 1996, Oxford University Press Randolph Quirk et al., A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language, 1985, Longman Group Limited

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PowerPoint Presentation 小風英文教室小風編輯版權聲明本投影片唯能用在非營利教學用途之上本投影片歡迎轉載, 但不得修改後轉載轉載請註明出處有任何錯誤, 建議, 請聯絡作者小風英文教室 by Scott Deeann Chen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.