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1 小風英文教室小風編輯

2 版權聲明本投影片唯能用在非營利教學用途之上本投影片歡迎轉載, 但不得修改後轉載轉載請註明出處有任何錯誤, 建議, 請聯絡作者小風英文教室 by Scott Deeann Chen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. 作者信箱 :awea.ther.star.craft ( 小老鼠 ) gmail ( 點 ) com Facebook:

3 副詞子句

4 副詞子句的功能副詞子句之功能相當廣泛, 表達以下概念 : 時間伴隨發生 (contingency) 地點條件讓步 (concession) 對比例外理由目的類比 (similarity and comparison) 比例偏好註解副詞子句的種類與可能性相當之多, 在我們學中文的時候, 其實是透過無數的照樣造句學會的因為所以一就如果雖然可是

5 副詞子句的構成由一從屬連接詞或介係詞連接一子句 I met an old friend while I was walking down the street. I met an old friend while walking down the street. He left before you came. Whether right or wrong, the decision is made. 由無限動詞子句, 甚至省略主詞與動詞之子句直接構成之副詞子句 Walking down the street, I met an old friend. Right or wrong, the decision is made. 有些連接詞表達一個抽象的概念, 故我們將會常常看到同一連接詞在不同句子中表達不同的意思

6 副詞子句的標點副詞子句可置於句首或句尾, 置於句首時需在副詞子句後加逗號, 而置於句尾時則不需逗號 (O)When he opened the door, the smoke came in. (O)The smoke came in when he opened the door. (X)The smoke came in. When he opened the door.

7 時間副詞子句表達時間主要子句與副詞子句之事物之先後順序表達之前的連接詞 : until, till, before 表達同時的連接詞 : as, as long as, so long as, while, whilst when, whenever, now that 表達之後的連接詞 : after, as soon as, once, since, when, whenever, now that ( 英 )directly, immediately

8 伴隨發生之副詞子句表達時間地點抽象概念上, 經常反覆伴隨發生之事物連接詞 : when/whenever once Let us know when/whenever it is necessary. Once you catch a cold, you need to rest. where/wherever if Where there is a will, there is a way. Wherever there is a rule, there is an exception. If it is possible, do your best.

9 地方副詞子句表達位置或方位連接詞 : where( 特定地點 ) I ll go where you want me to go. wherever( 不特定地點 ) I ll go wherever you go.

10 條件副詞子句表達以下意思 : 主要子句所敘述的事情會伴隨其條件發生主要子句所敘述的事情確實有可能會發生其條件不曾也不會發生, 故主要子句所敘述的事情不曾也不會發生表達委婉對用詞或內容的不確定性間接請求或提議常見的連接詞 : if, unless 次常見的連接詞 : as long as, so long as, assuming (that), given (that), in case, in the event that, on condition (that), provided (that), providing (that), supposing (that), just so (that)( 非正式 ) 其餘如伴隨發生的連接詞與一些時間連接詞都帶有條件的意思前二用法有時亦被統稱為假設語氣

11 條件副詞子句 unless 為反面的 if, 表示除非的意思 I ll take a break if I am tired. I won t take a break unless I am tired. if 可加上 only 表示此條件為唯一條件 only 放句首時須將助動詞提前 I ll take a break only if I am tired. Only if I am tired will I take a break.

12 條件副詞子句主要子句所敘述的事情會伴隨其條件發生 If you turn right on the next intersection, you will see a movie theater. Unless you turn right on the next intersection, you will not see a movie theater. If it is not raining, we will go out. 其條件不曾也不會發生, 故主要子句所敘述的事情不曾也不會發生 If it were not raining, we would go out. If it had not been raining, we would have gone out. 這個部分就是所謂的假設語氣, 未來的投影片內會再做詳細說明

13 條件副詞子句表達委婉對用詞或內容的不確定性間接請求或提議 If I may say so, I don t think your application is going be approved. Getting the task done in time is impossible, if you know what I mean. If I understand the class policy correctly, we can turn in our homework late. If you are going to the post office, drop off this package for me. If you are thirsty, I ll get you a cup of water.

14 條件副詞子句 in case (that), in the event that 表示說者認為發生機會不大 in the event that 較為正式 Please let me know in case (that) you have any questions. Please let me know in the event that you have any questions.

15 讓步副詞子句表達結果與預料相反, 有時結合條件表達與預料或常理推理相反之連接詞 : although, though( 非正式 ), even though, when, whereas, while, whilst 帶有條件意思者之連接詞 : even if, whether or, wh-ever

16 讓步副詞子句表達與預料或常理推理相反之連接詞 : although, though 最為廣用 Although/Though it was raining, we went out. even though 的 even 強調 though Even though it was raining, we went out. while/whereas 亦用在表示對比的副詞子句 My sister is rich, while I am poor.

17 讓步副詞子句帶有條件意思之連接詞 : even if 表示不管條件為何, 主要子句都會或曾發生帶有條件的意思 Even if it rains, we will go out. if 時常連接無動詞子句 The new camera is as good as the old one, if not better. whether or wh-ever Whether you agree or not, the decision is made. Whatever I do, I can t prevent it from happening.

18 對比副詞子句表達兩件類似, 但有不同之處的事情表示對比之連接詞 : while, whereas, whilst( 英 ) Tom is rich, while Mary is poor. Tom is rich, whereas Mary is poor.

19 例外副詞子句表達主要子句所描述的事情的例外常見連接詞為 : but that( 正式 ), except (that) 少見連接詞為 : excepting (that), save that( 正式 ) except (that), excepting (that), save (that) 用法相似 I will tell you the truth, except I know nothing about it. but that 之主要子句必須在其前, 且為否定句 I will not tell you anything but that I am permitted.

20 理由副詞子句表達因果關係常見者連接詞為 : because, cause( 口語 ), since 其餘連接詞為 : as, for( 正式 ) seeing (that), as long as, with, now (that), in that, inasmuch as ( 非正式 )

21 理由副詞子句 because/ cause 描述理由 I drank some water because/ cause I was thirsty. since, seeing that, as long as 表達一個事實作為理由 Since it is raining, I m not going. now that 表示 because now Now that I graduated, I m looking for a job. with 接名詞子句 With the weather being so bad, I decided not to go.

22 理由副詞子句 in that 除說明理由, 亦結合觀點 English is useful in that there is a great deal of knowledge written in English. as/for 表示理由 I didn t go to school as I was sick. I didn t go to school for I was sick.

23 目的副詞子句表達主要子句的目的接不定詞子句之連接詞 : in order to, so as to I went to Japan in order to learn Japanese. 接有限子句之連接詞 : so that, so, in order that 副詞子句需加助動詞 I went to Japan so that I can learn Japanese. 表達負面目的之連接詞 : so as not to, in order not to, in order that not, for fear that I started to do my homework for fear that I will not finish in time.

24 目的副詞子句接不定詞子句者經常直接使用不定子句表達目的 I went to Japan (in order) to learn Japanese. 有時亦可使用介係詞 for 表達目的 He stopped to buy a drink. He stopped for a drink. be used for 與 be used to 的差異 : be used for 表示一般狀況 The knife was used for cutting fruit. be used to 表示某特定事件 The knife was used to cut the fruit you gave me. be used to 亦有習慣的意思, 這邊的 to 是一個介係詞 I am used to sleeping late.

25 結果副詞子句表達主要子句造成的結果表示結果之連接詞 : so that( 正式 ), so 目的與副詞子句與結果差別在 : 目的副詞子句接有限子句時都會使用助動詞 Everyone did well on the exam so that the teacher would be happy. 結果目的子句則接有限子句 Everyone did well on the exam, so (that) the teacher was happy.

26 類比副詞子句將主要子句之事物用其副詞子句類比說明表示猶如之連接詞 : as, like( 非正式 ) I cleaned the floor as you did. (?)I cleaned the floor like you did. as if, as though She talked to me as if we knew each other for a long time. She talked to me as though we knew each other for a long time.

27 比例副詞子句表達主要子句的程度隨著其副詞子句正比或反比地改變表達比例之連接詞 : as, (so) As I became older, (so) I understood more about life. the, the The older I became, the more I understood about life.

28 理由副詞子句為什麼 Because I was sick, so I didn t go to school. 是錯的?

29 偏好副詞子句表達寧願也不的意思表達偏好之連接詞 : rather than Rather than you help me, I d do it myself. sooner than I d go home sooner than stay at the office. 注意 :rather than, sooner than 其後接原形動詞子句助動詞 would 加上 rather 表達一樣的意思 I would rather do it myself than you help me. I would sooner go home than stay at the office.

30 註解副詞子句註解副詞子句主要分為四種一個完整而缺少受詞的子句, 以其主要子句為受詞表達自己的肯定程度與態度 Their food is the best, I believe, in this city. What is the best choice, I wonder? 以 as 連接子句, 猶如一修飾主要子句之關係子句 Their food is the best, as you said. 由 wh- 名詞子句表示 What is more surprising, he dropped out of school. 利用不定詞或是分詞表示語氣 To be honest, I don t think you will fail. Frankly speaking, I don t think you will pass.

31 參考資料 Betty Schrampfer Azar, Understanding and using English rammar, Third Edition, 2006, Longman Sidney Greenbaum, The Oxford English Grammar, First Edition, 1996, Oxford University Press Randolph Quirk et al., A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language, 1985, Longman Group Limited

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PowerPoint Presentation 小風英文教室小風編輯版權聲明本投影片唯能用在非營利教學用途之上本投影片歡迎轉載, 但不得修改後轉載轉載請註明出處有任何錯誤, 建議, 請聯絡作者小風英文教室 by Scott Deeann Chen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.