南華大學數位論文

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "南華大學數位論文"

奖猎臧
7 years ago
Views:

3 I

4 Abstract In recent years, some culture and education foundations in Taiwan had taken enormous efforts to facilitate the cross-strait culture exchanges, including scholars and artists visiting, and cultural artifacts exhibitions. These efforts had a huge positive impact on enhancing mutual understanding between Taiwan and China. Although, the culture exchange had been going on for years, the effects of exchange is somewhat limited by extreme differences in politics, cultural values, and the delay of establishing related regulations. Many obstacles still exist and need to be solved. The purpose of this study was to investigate the current stage and the future development on culture and education foundations in Taiwan cooperated with Mainland Chinese organization on promoting cross-strait culture exchanges. Using a case-study qualitative approach, we explored the patterns of interactions and the operations on culture exchange between two sides. We interviewed four staffs worked in the foundations, which were awarded by Mainland Affairs Council because of their excellent contributions to cross-strait culture exchange. We found the cooperative patterns adapted by these foundations are very diverse. Through further investigation of issues on the motivation, goal, effectiveness, influence, expense, communication channels, and obstacles and resolutions, foundations in Taiwan can develop better cooperation model when promoting cross-strait exchange. As well as, develop possible criteria for evaluating effectiveness of foundation. This study revealed the following: 1. Motivations: generated by the founder s perception of the discrepancy of culture between two sides; 2.Goals: facilitate exchange and establish cooperation model; 3. Collaborating organizations: official or semiofficial institutes with similar function to foundation in Taiwan; or official or semiofficial institutes related to the certain activity. 4. Operating process: diverse in pattern; 5. Communication channels: adapted and expanded from the channel established by parents company. 6. Obstacles and resolutions: inaugurated regulations and ideologies are common problems encountered. The resolution is to emphasize on common experiences between two parties; 7. Effectiveness: No specific evaluate criteria; 8. Factors for successful cooperation: professional staffs, sufficient fund, and mutual trust between two parties; 9. Impact on organization: positive or no special influences on foundations10. Expense: mostly, two parties share the expense based on the mutual agreement. 11. Future development: lack of practical and definite goal. Based on the above findings, this study provided suggestions to each case on promoting cross-strait exchange, and recommend possible directions for future research. II

5 III

6 IV

7 V

8 VI

9 (2003) 2. (1999) :. 1

10 3. (2003) 2

11 3

12 (case studies) (case studies) () the nature of reality () () () 4. (1992)... 4

13 () () negotiated tentativeness () () () ( ) () () 5 6 Merriam(2001) 5, &. (1995).. : 6 Merriam. (2001). Qualitative Research and Case Study Applications in Education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publisher. 5

14 () () () 6

15 1-1 dynamic reality stable reality Merriam(2001) (case studies) Yin(1994) 7

16 (context) 7 (context) () (context) negotiated tentativeness dynamic reality () 7 Yin, R. K. (1994). Case Studies Research: Design and Methods (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: 8

17 () () grounded 8 () 8, &. (1995).. : 9

18 Wallendorf & Belk(1989) 9 Hunt(1989) 10 9 Wallendorf, M., & Belk, R. W. (1989). Assessing Trustworthiness in Naturalistic Consumer Research. E. C. Hirschman (ed), Interpretative Consumer Research (pp ). Provo.UT: Association for Consumer Research. 10 Hunt, S. D. (1989). Naturallstic, Humanistic, and Interpretive Inquiry: Challenges and Ultimate Potential. E. C. Hirschman (Ed), Interpretative Consumer Research (pp ). Provo.UT: Association for Consumer Research. 10

19 () 1. open coding Guba ( ) 11 (1997). : 11

20 1. 2. Lincoln and Guba ( ) 12 I. (credibility) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) II. (transferility) 12, &. (1996).. :. 12

21 III. (dependability) 13

22 1-1 14

23 ( & 1995) 15

24 (Neuman ) /W. Lawrence Neuman (2000) /Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches 16

25 ( ) 17. ( )

26 (1997) (1999) 14. ".".. :,

27 15 16 Salamon(1999) (non-profit organization) (1999). : 8 3 PP

28 5. 6. (Salamon,1992) 6 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (,2003) ".".. :, ".".. :,

29 Kramer(1987) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (1993) : ;

30 : ; 1997.

31 Hammack(1998) 19 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (1) 19 Hammack, D. (1998).Making the Nonprofit Sector in the United States. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 23

32 : 24

33 O : 25

34 (2) : --- (3) : 26

35 (4) : 27

36 (5) : -- (1992) Anthony Herzlinger (1992).., 41,

37 () () () () () 29

38 () () 30

39 Bowditch & Buono (1994) 21 () Classic Management 19 ~20 21 Bowditch, J. L., & Buono, A. F. (1995). A Primer on Organizational Behavior. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp:

40 Classic Management 1. Administrative Theory Henri Fayol (1916) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) 22 Fayol, H. (1949). General and Industrial Management. London: Pitman. 32

41 2. Scientific Management Frederick Taylor Structuralist School Max Weber 24 Weber BureaucracyMax Weber (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) 23 Tylor, F. (1911). The Principle of Scientific Management. New York: Harper & Brothers. 24 Weber, M. (1947). The theory of Social and Economic organization. New York: Free Press. 33

42 () neoclassical management and organizational theory Human Relation Schoo( ) ( ) (1.) (2) 34

43 (3) Behavior School 1950 Maslow, McGregor, Likert, Argyris, Herzberg, McClelland (Bowditch & Buono, 1994) 25 () Modern management Bowditch, J. L., & Buono, A. F. (1995). A Primer on Organizational Behavior. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp:

44 1. 2. > > >> 3. Contingency theory (Bowditch & Buono, 1994) 36

45 () (Bennett Krebs,1991:83-84,86): 1. (single businesses) 2. (business bodies) 3. (voluntary groups of business interests) 4. (community groups) 5. (co-0peratives) 6. (local government) 7. (regional /lander government) 8. (federal /central government) 26 () R. W.McQuaid 1. (What the partnership is 26 Bennet, R. J., & Krebs, G. (1991). Local Economic Development Public Private Partnership initiatives in Britain and Germanny. London and New York: Belhaven Press. 37

46 seeking to do )2. (who is involved)3. (when)4. (where) 5. (how ) (McQuaid,2000:13-18): 27 McQuaid, R. W. (2000). The Theory of Partnership: Why have Partnership? S. P. Osborne (ed), Public-Private Partnership- Theory and Practice in international Perspective (pp. 9-35). London: Routledge. 38

47 1. 2. (top-down process) (bottom-up process) 3. 39

48 4. 5. (McQuaid, 2000 : 19-22) () 40

49 () () 41

50 (McQuaid,2000 :22-25): () () McQuaid(1997) McQuaid, R. W. (1997). Local enterprise companies and rural development. Journal of Rural Studies, 13,

51 43

52 Foundation ( ) (1997).. :. 44

53 % % % % % %. (1997).. : % % % % % % %. (1997).. : ,

54 % 31.7% 19.1% 8.4% (1999) :. 46

59 2003 : 1987 ~ ~ (1) (2)

60 (WTO) 52

61 35%

62 35 ( ) /11/3 54

63 SARS

65 57

66 ~

68 ( ) 60

69 A 61

70 62 B

71 63

72 64 C

73 65

74 66 D:

75 67

76 68

77 69 (CQ3)

78 (CQ2) (DQ2) 70

79 71

80 72

81 73

82 (CQ6) 74

83 75

84 76

85 (CQ8) 77

86 78 (CQ8)

87 (CQ9)

88 (AQ9) 80

89 81 (CQ10)

90 82

91 D D 83

93 b 85

94 5 86

95 87

96 () () AB A () B C 88

97 () B A CD () CD B B 89

98 () () ABC 90

99 () () () 91

100 (1992) Anthony Herzlinger () Anthony Herzlinger 92

101 () () 93

102 () McQuaid (1997) (1) (2) (3) 37 Waltzer 37. (1997).. (pp ). :. 94

103 38 (2000) 39 A C 38 Waltzer, H. (1984).,. :. 39. (2000).., 20,

104

105 4 97

106 ,&. (2002)... :.. (2000).. :., &. (1999).., 8(3), (2003).. (2003).. &. (1995).. :., &. (1994). :., 5(1), ,, &. (2002) :.. (1991).. :., &. (2003).. (2003). :.. (2000) :.,&. (2002) :.. (2002).. :.,&. (2002) :., &. (1996).. : 98

107 .. (1997).. :.. (1997).. :.. (1999) :.,, &. (2000)... :.. (2001) (2003).. In (Ed.),. (pp ). :.. (1984).. :.. (2000). ---., 14(2), (1992).., 41, (1997)... (pp ). :.. (2002) :.. (2001) (2000).., 20, (1997).. :. 99

108 . (2000) :.. (2001).. :.. (1998)..,,,, &. (2000) , ,&. (2002) :.. (2003). :.. (2003).. In (Ed.),. (pp ). :.. (1992).... (2002). --- V.S... : &. (1997). :.. (1999) :. Bennet, R.J., & Krebs, G. (1991). Local Economic Development Public Private Partnership initiatives in Britain and Germanny. ( ed.). London and New York: Belhaven Press. Bowditch, J.L., & Buono, A.F. (1995). A Primer on Organizational Behavior. ( ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Collard, G. The Partnership between Governments and NGOs in AMI's Perspective. 100

109 NGO. :. Fayol, H. (1949). General and Industrial Management. London: Pitman. Hammack, D. (1998). Making the Nonprofit Sector in the United States. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Hunt, S.D. (1989). Naturallstic, Humanistic, and Interpretive Inquiry: Challenges and Ultimate Potential. In E. C. Hirschman (Ed.), Interpretative Consumer Research. (pp ). Provo.UT: Association for Consumer Research. Larson, E.V., & Brahmakulam, I.T. (2001) Lo, C.-C. (1996). International Cultural Exchanges: A Personal View.. McQuaid, R.W. (1997). Local enterprise companies and rural development. Journal of Rural Studies, 13, McQuaid, R.W. (2000). The Theory of Partnership: Why have Partnership? In S. P. Osborne (Ed.), Public-Private Partnership- Theory and Practice in international Perspective. (pp. 9-35). London: Routledge. Merriam. (2001). Qualitative Research and Case Study Applications in Education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publisher. Thomas, B.J. (1995). The Rocky Road to Team-Based Management. Training and Development, 49(4), Tylor, F. (1911). The Principle of Scientific Management. New York: Harper & Brothers. Wallendorf, M., & Belk, R.W. (1989). Assessing Trustworthiness in Naturalistic Consumer Research. In E. C. Hirschman (Ed.), Interpretative Consumer Research. (pp ). Provo.UT: Association for Consumer Research. Weber, M. (1947). The theory of Social and Economic organization. New York: Free Press. Yin, R.K. (1994). Case Studies Research: Design and Methods. (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 101

110 102

111 103

112 104

113 105

114 106

115 107

116 108

117 109

118 110

119 111

120 112

121 113

122 C 1..( ) ( )

123

124

125

126

127 119

128 120

129 121

130 122

131 123

132 124

133 125

134 126

135 127

136 128

政治哲學要跨出去！

政治哲學要跨出去！日本規範非營利組織的法制改革之研究 71 日本規範非營利組織的法制改革之研究林淑馨摘要一前言二日本非營利組織的意涵與範疇三日本非營利組織的發展與法規制訂的經過四特定非營利活動促進法的內容及意義之析評五日本非