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1 pclan@ntu.edu.tw /08/ /02/21

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3 Taiwanese Journal of Sociology, September 2012, 50: 1-56 Taiwanese Students Pursuing Higher Education in China: Institutional Frameworks and Migration Trajectories Yi-fan WU Pei-chia LAN Department of Sociology, National Taiwan University Abstract A growing number of Taiwanese students have emigrated to China for higher education purposes during the last two decades. The authors use this specific case to engage the student migration literature. Based on indepth interviews and policy analysis, we examine the migration trajectories of Taiwanese students according to an analytical framework consisting of macro (policy), meso (organizational), and micro (individual) levels. We have identified three types of Taiwanese students degree-oriented, work-oriented, and family-guided with further differences in terms of migration motivation, school access, and labor market consequences. This case is special in that the Chinese government is giving these students a quasi-internal migration status that conflicts with the fact that these students crossed national borders. The host government adopts a policy of reterritorialization to symbolically address the homeland status of Taiwanese students, while the students themselves enact a strategy of deterritorialization for the purposes of spatial mobility and capital accumulation. Such encounters hold potential benefits and contradictions, and Taiwanese students find themselves in an ambivalent postion of in-betweeness regarding both educational and labor market status. Keywords: student migration, reterritorialization, cross-strait relations

The authors use this specific case to engage the student migration literature.

4 , ,875 2, ,

5 5 King and Ruiz-Gelices 2003 Sassen 1996; Thomlinson 1999 deterritorialization reterritorialization

6 6 Ziguras and Law 2006 Iredale 2001 Favell Rogers Brubaker 1996 homeland nationalism

7 7 commonwealth scholarship George Barnett and Reggie Yingli Wu Abbott & Schmid 1975; Szelényi 2006 spatial mobility Ong 1999 Johanna Waters 2006 cosmopolitan

8 8 the new economics of migration parachute children satellite children astronaut parents Waters 2005; Zhou 1998 Nonini 1997 Massey et al. 1993

9 9 migration trajectory 1 圖 1 本文的分析架構

10 10

11 BBS 3 2 Taiwan Students Union 3 PTT TWSU Cross_Life WorkinChina telnet://ptt.cc

12 % 19 31% 16 26% 3 5% 1 2% 圖 2 受訪台生學科分布圖 4

13 MBA Nvivo

14 14 表 1 中國招收台生的政策階段 /11/

15 /11/

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16 zcfg/200603/ / html 2009/11/ dlzc/ html 2009/11/

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17 gwytb.gov.cn/xwfbh/xwfbh0.asp?xwfbh_m_id= /11/09

18 mtw168.com/2010/0417/385.html 2010/5/ /11/13

20 表 2 旅中台生入學管道分類表台生入學管道平行型的入學方式區隔型的入學方式 zyxx/200901/ / html 2009/11/10

21 21 圖 3 受訪台生入學管道分布圖 13% 2007

22 % /9/19

24 % 85% /10/

25 表 3 旅中台生的遷移類型旅中台生的遷移類型 - - 4

26 26 圖 4 受訪者遷移類型分布 42%

28 28 23% 5 6 圖 5 學位導向入學管道分布圖

29 29 圖 6 學位導向學科分布圖 30 30

30 30 6

31 31 30% 22%

32 32 圖 7 工作導向學科分布圖

33 33 圖 8 工作類型台生的入學管道

34 34 M MBA M MBA

35 35 28% 31 31

36 36 24% 18% 5 8 圖 9 家庭引導台生的入學管道

37 37 Ong 1999 圖 10 家庭引導學科分布圖

38 38 30

40 : : tw/db/detail.asp?id= /09/20

42 /05/03

44 44 L

45 45

46 46 transmigrant

47 47 MBA package

49 49 圖 11 本文的主要發現

50 50 in-betweenness liminality

51 51 Wang 2009: 336

52 52 bounded mobility Global Cinderellas

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54 : law.moe.gov.tw/lawcontentdetails.aspx?id=fl008349&keywordhl= &StyleType= /content_ html html : (9): 9-15 Abbott, Walter F. and Calvin F. Schmid, 1975, University Prestige and First-time Undergraduate Migration in the United States. Sociology of Education 48: Barnett, George A. and Reggie Yingli Wu, 1995, The International Student Exchange Network: 1970 & Higher Education 30(4):

55 55 Brubaker, Rogers Nationalism Reframed: Nationhood and the National Question in the New Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Favell, Adrian, Miriam Feldblum and Michael P. Smith, 2006, The Human Face of Global Mobility: A Research Agenda. Pp in The Human Face of Global Mobility. International Highly Skilled Migration in Europe, North America and the Asia-Pacific, edited by Michael P. Smith and Adrian Favell. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. Iredale, Robyn, 2001, The Migration of Professionals: Theory and Typologies. International Migration 39(5): King, Russell and Enric Ruiz-Gelices International Student Migration and the European Year Abroad : Effects on European Identity and Subsequent Migration Behaviour. International Journal of Population Geography 9: Massey, Douglas, Joaquin Arango, Graeme Hugo, Ali Kouaouci, Adela Pellegrino and J. Edward Taylor, 1993, Causes of Migration. Pp in The Ethnicity Reader, edited by M. Guibernau and John Rex. London: Polity Press. Nonini, Donald M., 1997, Shifting Identities, Positioned Imaginaries: Transnational Traversals and Reversals by Malaysian Chinese. Pp in Ungrounded Empires: The Cultural Politics of Modern Chinese Transnationalism, edited by Aihwa Ong and Donald Nonini. New York: Routeledge. Ong, Aihwa, 1999, Flexible Citizenship: The Cultural Logic of Transnationality. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press. Sassen, Saskia Losing Control?: Sovereignty in an Age of

56 56 Globalization. New York: Columbia University Press. Szelényi, Katalin, 2006, Students without Borders? Migratory Decision- Making among International Graduate Students in the U.S. Pp in The Human Face of Global Mobility. International Highly Skilled Migration in Europe, North America and the Asia-Pacific, edited by Michael P. Smith and Adrian Favell. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. Thomlinson, John Globalization and Culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Wang, Horng-Luen, 2009, How Are Taiwanese Shanghaied. Positions-East Asia Cultures Critique 17(2): Waters, Johanna L., 2006, Geographies of Cultural Capital: Education, International Migration and Family Strategies between Hong Kong and Canada. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 31: , 2005, Transnational Family Strategies and Education in the Contemporary Chinese Diaspora. Global Networks 5(4): Zhou, Min, 1998, Parachute Kids in Southern California: The Educational Experience of Chinese Children in Transnational Families. Educational Policy 12(6): Ziguras, Christopher and Siew-Fang Law, 2006, Recruiting International Students as Skilled Migrants: the Global Skills Race as Viewed from Australia and Malaysia. Globalisation, Societies and Education 4(1):

226 disco! 1 2 3 1 Claudia Lan 2006: 129 2 Pham Thi Kim Ninh 3 54

11 226 227 228 228 229 230 230 234 240 244 246 246 226 disco! 1 2 3 1 Claudia Lan 2006: 129 2 Pham Thi Kim Ninh 3 54 227 Oishi, 2005 feminization of migration Yamanaka & Piper, 2003 2006 60% 4 11-1 4 http://www.evta.gov.tw/stat/9504/8130.