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1 * 87 collective case study CY *

2 34

3 * 1998 key informant 1999 Lancaster globalization *

4 36 84 (A.L.Kroeber) C.Kluckhohn Bruner(1996) externalization externalization

5 37 Bruner, 1996, p M.Crossley Wu,

6 Bristol Winchester Lancaster Stake1995 collective case study 20,000 Stake1995p.6 Stake1995

7 39 1 H C S A Bristol ( ) Bristol ( ) S 350 (value-added Winchester ( (12 ) Lancaster ( / )

8 Anderson-Levitt(1987) Freire1970 Richardson1994 (Arts-based educational research) Barone & Eisner(1988)

9 41 (expressive language) statement (Barone & Eisner1988pp.7478) Bruner1996p.149 Eisner Geertz 1988 (genre blurring) (Barone & Eisner1988p.79) 88 etic view

10 42 83 filter-in 83 3 A Mrs. M whole class teaching A (parent evening) Mrs. M S 88 9:00 10:45 Winchester literacy hour

11 Galton Galton Delpit Delpit, 1997 A Maria

12 A Maria S B H B H 98-7-S half-term S B H :30 20

13 45 (H S ) A Maria A Maria ( 99-7-A)A

14 46 A Mrs. M 99-7-A Mrs. M Mrs. M Mrs. M 99-7-A A S 88a 131 A S S

15 47 A 99-7-A A

16 48 S A 400 A 99-7-A Lancaster A A

17 49 A (99-7-A- ) A Winchester S M A S M M S M 98-7-S C 98-2-C C S A A A head teacher Delpit1997 /

18 50 Delpit, b Delpit 286 A 286

19 51 maintain East EnderBrookside 90 National Curriculum Assessment 1967 Plowden Report A Maria Maria SATs circle time circle time SATs circle time M 99-7-AMaria circle time 1999 teaching award

20 A 1999 teaching award 1 2 I.C.T teaching award It s team work A Mrs. M Marks & Spencer It s team work 99-7-A A

21 53 A S A C trade unionism It s team work B&B 60

22 A The Ashton Memorial Hall Williamson St. Martin College ( 99-7-A) A Heysham 10:00 A 45 Heysham Heysham 2:30 Mrs. M Heysham Mrs.M Mrs.M Heysham York city council

23 A It takes a village C H Winchester S A particular J. L. Reacock generalization Wolcott, H. F. Wolcott

24 56 Wolcott, 1995, p.171 Franz Boas Lincoln Guba1985, p.110 Wolcott Rule intellectual taste Rule

25 57 Laura Ashley Laura Ashley 99-7-A T. Blair 1995 Bristol Winchester ORACLE Observational Research and Classroom Learning Evaluation) Donna Leason 70 Donna

26 58 Donna Galton, et al.1999 Donna Lincoln & Guba1985 Donna 5 Donna ORACLE de-skill Aira Force1993 Aira Force BB Williamson Park Conservative Garden Made in Taiwan

27 59 Made in Taiwan 85 Williamson Park / NSC H F14

28 60 1 HCS 88 A RA a b

29 61 84 Blair, T Anderson-Levitt, K.M.(1987). Culture knowledge for teaching first grade: An example from France. In G. Spindler & L. Spindler(Eds.), Interpretive ethnography of education: At home and abroad. London: LEA. Barone, T. & Eisner, E.(1988). Arts-based educational research. In R. M. Jaeger(Ed.), Methods for research in education. Washington: AERA. Bruner, J.(1996). The culture of education. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Delpit, L. D.(1997). The silenced dialogue: Power and pedagogy in educating other people s children. In A. H. Halsey et al.(eds.), Education: Culture, economy, society(pp ). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Freire, P.(1970). Pedagogy of the oppressed. London: Penguin Books. Galton, M.et al.(1999). Inside the primary classroom: 20years on. London: Routledge. Lincoln, Y.S.& Guba, E.G.(1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Newbury Park: Sage Publications. Richardson, L.(1994). Writing: A method of inquiry. In N.K. Denzin & Y.S. Lincoln(Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research(pp ). California: Sage Publications. Rule, J. B. (1997). Theory and progress in social science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Stake, R.E.(1995). The art of case study research. London: SAGE. Wolcott, H.F.(1995). The art of fieldwork. Walnut Creek: Altamira Press. Wolcott, H.F.(1997). Enthnographic research in education. In R. M. Jaeger(Ed.), Methods for research in education(pp ). Washington: American Educational Research Association. Wu, L.J.(1995). Initial teacher education in England and Taiwan: The issue of curriculum inconsistency. Unpublished Ph. D Thesis(England,University of Bristol).

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31 Journal of National Taipei Teachers College, Vol.XIII(June 2000)33 64 NATIONAL TAIPEI TEACHERS COLLEGE 63 The Cultural Picture of Primary Schools in England Li-juing Wu* ABSTRACT This study aims to portray the cultural picture of primary schools in England and the view from Taiwan was purposely designed to address. As a collective case study, the writing style of this study has been influenced by the approach of arts-based educational research. In the field of England, four LEA primary schools located in three cities in England were sampled as cases. Due to the constraint of limited time available in English primary schools, one Taiwanese girl with a seven-year schooling experience in England and just back to Taiwan around one year ago was also studied. In order to achieve the research objectives, the strategies employed include observation, interview as well as documentary analysis. The stories which emerged from the field have been categorized into two dimensions: organizational culture as well as psychological & behavioral culture. In addition, the reflection upon the methodology has been provided as the fourth part in this report. The themes which come out from the reflection include the accumulation of research finding, the importance of local perspective, and the rethinking of subjectivity. *Li-juing Wu: Associate Professor, Department of Elementary Education

32 64 Journal of National Taipei Teachers College Vol. XIII

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穨CY03502.PDF