Acker 1983 Biklen 1995 Acker 1989 ( )

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2 Acker 1983 Biklen 1995 Acker 1989 ( )

3 3 (E. Durkheim) 1998 Spencer, 1994 T. Parsons Acker,1995 Dreeben(1973) Lortie(1973) Acker,1995 Simpson Simpson 1969 Biklen 1995 Acker 1989 Lortie(1975) Schoolteacher

4 (conservatism) (individualism) (presentism) Lacey(1977) (social strategy) strategic compliance internalized adjustment strategic redefinition Sikes Measor Woods career history Sikes strategic compromise Ball Goodson 1985 Evetts 1990 Sikes ( ) (deskilling) (Acker 1995 Ball & Goodson 1985) 4

5 5 Apple 1986 Lawn & Ozga 1981 Apple(1986) Ozga Lawn(1981)

6 6 (Grant,1989) (Biklen,1983) Lortie 1975 Lortie Lacey 1977 Sikes 1985 Apple 1986 Acker

7 (Biklen,1983) Biklen 1995 Grant(1987) 7

8 8 Bledstein 1972 Shakeshaft 1989 (careerless) Lortie 1975 Biklen Biklen 1983 Biklen Acker 1995 (teacher s voice) (Acker,1995) Casey 1993 Casey Tabin Coleman

9 Biklen(1983,1995) (career path) Biklen Acker Acker(1994) (ethnographic) Acker (career-minded) Grant(1989) 38 Spencer(1984) Acker(1994) 9

10 visible 10

11 p p Acker, S. (1989). Rethinking teachers careers. In S. Acker (Ed.), Teachers, gender and careers (pp.7-20). New York: The Falmer Press. Acker, S. (1994). Creating careers: Women teachers at work. In S. Acker, Gendered Education: Sociological reflections on women, teaching and feminism (pp ). Philadelphia: Open University Press. Acker, S. (1995). Gender and teachers work. Review of research in education, 21 11

12 (99-162). Washington, DC: American Educational Research Association. Apple, M. (1986). Teachers and texts. New York: Routledge. Ball, S. & Goodson, I. F. (1985). Understanding teachers: Concepts and contexts. In S. Ball, & I. F. Goodson(Eds.), Teachers lives and careers(pp.1-26). Philadelphia: The Falmer Press. Biklen, S. K. (1983). Teaching as an occupation for women: A case of an elementary school. New York: Education Designs Group. Biklen, S. K. (1995). School work. New York: Teacher College Press. Bowles, S. & Gintis, H. (1976). Schooling in capital American: Educational reform and contradiction of economic life. Now York: Basic Books. Casey, K. (1993). I answer with my life: Life histories of women teachers working for social change. New York: Routledge. Dreeben, R. (1973). The school as a workplace. In P. M. W. Travers(Ed.), Second handbook of research on teaching(pp ). Chicago: Rand Mcnally. Evetts, J. (1990). Women in primary teaching: Career contexts and strategies. London: Unwin Hyman. Grant, R. (1989). Women teachers career pathways: Towards an Alternative model of career. In S. Acker (Ed.), Teachers, gender and careers (pp 35-50). New York: The Falmer Press. Lacey, C. (1977). The socialization of teachers. London: Methuen. Lawn, M. & Ozga, J. (1981). The educational worker? A reassessment of teacher. In L. Barton, & S. Walker(Eds.), Schools, teachers and teaching(pp ). Barcombe: Falmer Press. Lortie, D. C. (1973). Observations on teaching as work. In P. M. W. Travers(Ed.), Second handbook of research on teaching(pp ). Chicago: Rand Mcnally. Lortie, D. C. (1975). Schoolteacher: A sociological study. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Nias, J. (1989). Primary teachers talking. London: Routledge. Shakeshaft, C. (1989). Women in educational administration. London: Sage. Sikes, P. J., Measor, L. & Woods, P. (1985). Teacher careers: Crises and continuities. London: The Falmer Press. Spencer, D. A. (1984). The home and school lives of women teachers. The Elementary School Journal, 84(3), Spencer, D. A. (1994). Sociology of teaching. In T. Husen & T. N. Postlethwaite(Eds.), International encyclopedia of education(2nd ed., Vol. 10, pp ). Oxford, England: Elsevier Science. Tabin, Y., & Coleman, P. (1993). From the dollhouse to the schoolhouse: The changing experience of women principles in British Columbia, 1980 to

13 Canadian Journal of Education, 18, ABSTRACT Traditionally, teachers career was defined as an individual climbing up the hierarchical ladder according to merits. However, this viewpoint was challenged when women teachers were studied as subjects. Many women teachers focus more on their professional development than administrative promotion. In addition, constrained by the stereotypic expectation of gender role and mothering, women teachers developed different career paths. Based on gender horizon, this paper aims to reconstruct the concept of teachers career. Firstly, in addition to reviewing literature in Taiwan, we analyze how functionalism, interactionism and critical theory investigate teachers career. And we argue that the aforementioned three approaches ignore how gender functions in teachers career. Secondly, the traditional concept of teachers career is deconstructed in order to highlight the biased assumption of gender. Finally, we reconceptualize teachers career using gender perspective. 13

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