PRRS Control In China 在中国控制猪蓝耳病 Cameron Schmitt, DVM, MS China Leman Conference 2015 卡梅隆施密特 2015 李曼中国大会

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1 PRRS Control In China 在中国控制猪蓝耳病 Cameron Schmitt, DVM, MS China Leman Conference 2015 卡梅隆施密特 2015 李曼中国大会

2 My Background 个人简历 2002 graduate of Iowa State University 2002 毕业于爱荷华州立大学 Completed DVM and MS (Veterinary Microbiology) 完成博士和硕士学位 ( 兽医微生物 ) Joined Pipestone Vet Clinic in 2002 于 2002 年加入派普斯通兽医诊所 Started Pipestone Vet Clinic of Iowa 2008 于 2008 年在爱荷华开始派普斯通兽医诊所 Married, 3 boys 已婚, 三个男孩

4 Pipestone System 派普斯通系统 180,000 Sows US 美国 18 万母猪 ~30,000 Sows China 中国 3 万母猪 ~400 Owners 中国 400 名业主 60 Sow Farms US 美国 60 所母猪场 19 Sow Farms China 中国 19 家母猪场 ~1000 Employees 1000 名雇员 Our Mission: Helping Farmers Today Create the Farms of Tomorrow 我们的宗旨 : 帮助农场去创造他们更好的明天

5 Map of practice area 运营区域地图

6 The Challenge of China 中国面临的挑战 Today, there is little to no control of PRRS in China 目前为止, 中国很少甚至没有对蓝耳病的控制 There are many limiting factors associated with the daunting challenge here 有很多与严峻挑战紧密相关的限制因素 To list a few: 列举如下 : 1. Laboratory challenges 实验室挑战 2. Understanding of the limitations of diagnostic results over interpretation 了解诊断结果的局限性 - 过度解读 3. Farms and outdoor pigs scattered everywhere with little thought to disease implications 农场和户外猪四处分散, 却很少考虑到疾病的影响 4. Limited understanding of biosecurity 对生物安全认识有限 5. Poor farm design for biosecurity 针对生物安全落后的农场设计 6. Value of All In/All Out just being realized 刚认识到全进全出的价值 7. Knowledge of eradication principles is limited 关于清除原则认知有限 8. Vaccines are overvalued in efficacy 疫苗功效被高估 9. Sharing of knowledge amongst producers does not occur 养殖者之间不分享信息 10. Industry leadership just beginning 行业领先者刚开始出现

7 Laboratory Challenges 实验室挑战 1. Lack of Quality Assurance/Quality Control 缺乏质量保证 / 质量监控 2. Lack standard tests amongst different labs 不同实验室之间缺乏测试的标准 PCR of the same region, primer differences, sequence different ORF s of the virus, etc. 相同地区的 PCR, 不同引物, 病毒不同的 ORF 测序等等 3. Report format can be difficult to read 报告格式很难读 4. Use of dated technology gel electrophoresis and weak positives 使用过时的技术 - 凝胶电泳法和弱阳性 5. Different results at different labs on split sampling 同一个样品在不同检测结果不一样 Effectively, swine practitioners are blind due to poor laboratory data, timeliness of results, etc. 实际上, 养猪兽医由于差的实验室数据以及无法按时得到结果等问题蒙蔽双眼

8 Laboratory data interpretation 实验室数据解读 PRRS PCR 蓝耳病 PCR Is the lab using gel electrophoresis? 实验室是否在使用凝胶电泳法? Is the lab technician qualified or a student? 实验室技术员是否合格或只是一名学生? Is there real-time available? 有即时荧光 PCR 吗? PRRS Sequencing 蓝耳病毒测序 Which ORF does this lab sequence? 对哪个 ORF 测序? Why are there no standard regions US ORF 5? 为什么这里没有标准区域 -US-ORF 5? Sequence comparison s made from different sequences from different ORF s? 对不同 ORF 的测序进行比较?

9 Laboratory Data Interpretation 实验室数据解读 PRRS ELISA interpretation - (over interpretation) 蓝耳病 ELISA 解读 -( 过度解读 ) It took US practitioner s years to get beyond S/P ratio interpretation 美国兽医花了年的时间去理解 S/P 比率背后的含义 Most commonly this test is used as a binary result 通常这种试验被用作检测两种结果 Positive or Negative 阳性或阴性 Frequently, I see these results over analyzed 我发现这些结果经常被过度分析

10 Farm Locations 农场选址 The definition of a farm and market places are vast 对于农场和市场有着广泛的定义 Farms are located everywhere 农场到处都有 Small villages what would be considered in town 小村庄 - 或者也可以说是城里 Sow farms placed in challenged locale s 母猪场被放在一些不太合适的环境 As the industry consolidates and China moves toward a consumer society, Farms will be in the country and will be larger and fewer 随着行业整合以及中国逐渐成为一个消费社会, 农场将会在乡下, 规模上逐渐扩大但数量会越来越少 The value of well isolated sow farms farms away from other pigs is just being realized 隔离母猪农场的重要性 - 母猪场要远离其他的猪才刚被认识到

11 Biosecurity 生物安全 Primary focus has been on people 主要关注点在人 Excessive down times 过多的停工时间 On farm quarantine 猪场里隔离 Exposure to toxic/carcinogenic chemicals 接触有毒 / 致癌化学物 Little focus on transport vehicles 不关注运输车辆 Little focus on live animal introduction 不关注新猪引入 Few genetic supplier options 种猪供应商选择少 Limited diagnostic backgrounds available on the ones that are available 缺乏诊断背景资料 Farm design 3 site production all on the same site 猪场设计 -3 个站点全都在相同地点

12 Biosecurity - Transport 生物安全 - 运输 Transport biosecurity 运输生物安全 One of the largest gaps and highest risks to farms 一个最大的差距和对猪场最高的风险 Most companies I have interacted with do not control (own) their transport vehicles 大多数我接触的公司不控制 ( 拥有 ) 运输车辆 Contract hauler s have no training in biosecurity 合同搬运工在生物安全方面没有接受训练 At a minimum, sow farms need dedicated (owned and operated) transport vehicles for all animal movements piglets and cull sows 至少, 母猪养殖场需要专用 ( 拥有和运营 ) 运输车辆来运所有猪 - 仔猪和淘汰母猪

13 Biosecurity - Live animal introductions 生物安全 - 活猪引进 Genetic choices are limited 种猪选择局限 Many small and local genetic herds 很多小型和当地的种猪群 Most of the global genetic companies are currently building genetic infrastructure here PIC, Genesis, Choice, Topigs, Danbred, etc. 多个国际种猪企业现在在中国设立了种猪基础设施 - PIC, Genesis, Choice, Topigs, 丹育等等 They are limited similarly on the diagnostic results similar to commercial production as discussed previously 在诊断结果上与前面讨论的商品猪生产极为相似 The most efficient way to introduce disease into a farm is via a live animal they propagate the pathogens! 将疾病引入一个猪场最有效的方法就是通过活体动物 - 它们传播病原体

14 Biosecurity Farm Design 生物安全 - 猪场设计 Farm designs are improving 猪场正在改善 Western 3 site production is beginning to occur here those that convert will reap the benefits 西方的 3 点式生产模式开始在中国出现 - 那些选择转换模式的猪场将从中受益 Mega sites are a huge challenge to control/prevent/eradicate PRRS from 超大型猪场为控制 / 预防 / 根除蓝耳病带来了巨大的挑战 Continuous flow is a perfect model to propagate most viral diseases PRRS, PED, SIV, FMD, HC, etc. 连续生产是传播大多数病毒性疾病最好的模式 - 蓝耳病, 流行性腹泻, 流感, 口蹄疫和猪瘟等等

15 All In/All Out Production 全进 / 全出生产 All In/All Out (AI/AO) by site 依照站点全进 / 全出 (AI/AO) Not by room, not by barn 不是按照单元, 也不是按猪舍 Sites must be located apart by >1km preferably more 站点间的距离最好相差 1 千米以上 - 最好更多 I frequently get asked How far is far enough? as far as possible 我经常被问到到底多远距离才合适呢? - 尽可能越远越好 Sites should be no larger than supply can fill them in 2 weeks maximum 站点的规模最好控制在最多在两周能装满 Example 4800 spaces for a 5000 hd sow farm 比如 : 对于一个有 5000 头母猪的农场要有 4800 空间 AI/AO production does not mean you won t battle disease, however, disease breaks at individual sites will be limited to the groups that are exposed 全进 / 全出生产并不意味着你不用在意疾病问题, 只是说, 在每个站点发生的疾病只会影响染病的区域 PRRS will die out when it has run it s course in the site 当蓝耳病在这个站点经过其存在的周期后, 就会消灭

16 Eradication Principles 清除原则 Commonly, eradication is not considered when evaluating the potentials for managing different diseases 通常, 在评估管理不同疾病的可能措施时, 不会考虑清除 With PRRS just living with it, or positive stable for the most part has failed in most US production systems 对于蓝耳病 - 仅仅接受它或大部分保持阳性稳定在美国生产系统已失败 Most have adopted a policy of eradicate where possible and where it makes sense 在很多有可能和合理的的地方, 都采取了清除政策

17 Eradication Principles 清除原则 The Load, Close, Homogenize technique is nearly 100% successful in eradicating PRRS from sow farms when it is executed correctly 当装猪, 封群, 均化技术被正确执行时, 从母猪场将蓝耳病根除会获得近 100% 成功 Vaccine or LVI (Serum) both can be used 疫苗或活苗 ( 血清 ) 都可以使用 There appear to be different time frames for production normalization (Time To Baseline Production TTBP) and to negative pig production (Time To Negative Pig TTNP) based on which technique that is used 根据采用的技术, 恢复正常生产的时间也不一样, 包括恢复到基线生产恢复到阴性生产的时间 The technique can also be used for most viral pathogens including PED 该技术还可以用于大多数病毒病原体包括流行性腹泻 You are only 250 days away from a PRRS negative farm when you break 从爆发之日起, 再有 250 天, 你就可以达到蓝耳阴性场了

18 PRRS Vaccines 蓝耳病疫苗 PRRS vaccines are a tool just that. 蓝耳病疫苗是个工具仅此而已 In 25 years of significant science, they are not perfect and frequently their value is overestimated 在 25 年科学发展中, 它们并不完美并且它们的价值经常被高估 In the correct use, they can reduce lesions, clinical signs, and reduce losses, but they are not 100% effective 如果正确使用的话, 它们能减少病变, 临床症状, 和减少损失, 但它们不是 100% 有效 They do not prevent new virus introductions and are not a substitute for poor biosecurity 它们不能阻止新病毒的引入同样也不能替代糟糕的生物安全

19 Sharing of Health Knowledge 健康知识共享 This meeting is an excellent venue 这次会议是个很好的场合 Additional support/technical training venues that I am not aware of such as 一些我不知道的技术支持 / 培训 Regional/provincial producer and veterinarian meetings 地区 / 省级的养殖者和兽医会议 National swine veterinarian meetings 全国性的养猪兽医会议 Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory meetings 兽医诊断实验室会议 Others 其他 Producer led collaboration 养殖者牵头的协作 Examples would be the Swine Health Monitoring Project Morrison, et al. 比如像养猪健康监控项目 - 莫瑞森等人

20 Industry Leadership 行业领导 There is an obvious vacuum in modern progressive swine health management in China 这在中国现代发展的养猪健康管理中明显是个真空 As a whole, this is changing for the better 总体而言, 这个情况也得到了改善 Is the next Al Leman amongst us? 下一个李曼会出现在我们中间吗?

21 Successes in the US 美国获得的成功 1. Continued study and enhancements in biosecurity 在生物安全方面的继续学习与改进 Air Filtration 空气过滤 Disinfection and Downtime (D&D) 消毒和停产时间 (D&D) Transitional loading 过渡期装载 Weaned pigs 断奶猪 Culls 淘汰 Mortalities 死亡 Dedicated transport 专用运输 Thermal Assisted Drying & Disinfection (TADD) 热辅助干燥与消毒 2. Strategic Vaccination 疫苗接种策略 3. Eradication 清除 Regional Eradication/Vaccination 区域清除 / 免疫 4. Testing techniques Oral Fluids 检测技术 - 口腔液

22 2.5% Chart 5 PRRS EWMA Analysis for years % (n = 315 ) (n = 320 ) (n = 369 ) (n = 433 ) (n = 589 ) (n = 638 ) (n = 742 ) EWMA weekly % cases of at risk 1.5% 1.0% 0.5% 11/4/09 10/20/10 11/9/11 10/17/12 10/23/13 12/3/ Weekly # of new cases 2 0.0% 0 EWMA Epidemic Threshold Actual

23 Acknowledgments 感谢 Dr. Gordon Spronk 高登史邦克博士 SHMP (Morrison et al.) SHMP( 莫瑞森等人 ) Family and Friends that give me continued support ( 给予我支持的家人和朋友 )

24 Questions? 欢迎提问

Microsoft Word - TIP006SCH Uni-edit Writing Tip - Presentperfecttenseandpasttenseinyourintroduction readytopublish

Microsoft Word - TIP006SCH Uni-edit Writing Tip - Presentperfecttenseandpasttenseinyourintroduction readytopublish 我难度 : 高级对们现不在知仍道有听影过响多少那次么 : 研英究过文论去写文时作的表技引示巧言事 : 部情引分发言该生使在中用过去, 而现在完成时仅表示事情发生在过去, 并的哪现种在时完态成呢时? 和难过道去不时相关? 是所有

PRRS Control In China 在中国控制猪蓝耳病 Cameron Schmitt, DVM, MS China Leman Conference 2015 卡梅隆 施密特 2015 李曼中国大会

PRRS Control In China 在中国控制猪蓝耳病 Cameron Schmitt, DVM, MS China Leman Conference 2015 卡梅隆施密特 2015 李曼中国大会