1 1978 9.5% 7.6% 152 1996 29.8% 34.2% 2336 1978 21.2% 1995 77.2% 1978 9.1% 1997 57.9% 1986 9.2% 1997 45.8% 1978-1997 1970-1997 1949 1957 1949 11.6 2 1954 1 2 Byrd Lin (1990) 9 10 1
1000 22 1955 57 1957 22.9 4.3% 1963 4.1 ( 1994) (Lin, 1992; Wen, 1993) 1970 1978 1970 1970 1977 1970 8 1970 92.5 1976 272 25.7% 1970 1978 493 2830 21.2% 9.5% 70 70 80 90 1978 1983 1978 1983 6% Lin(1992) 60% 1978 1983 2
1984 1988 1984 1988 1984 1984 607 1983 4.5 1985 1222 1984 69.3% 1986 88.6%(Chen, 1988) 1989 1991 1989 1991 1988 23.8 1990 22.1 1988 1888 1990 1850 1992 1992 1992-1994 97 (Wang and Yao, 1998) 3 1998 80 (Zhao, 1999) 3 92-94 1996 1999c 3
4 86% 4% 1993 1996 90 FDI Wang 1997) FDI 1995 28.1% 4 Lin Yao 1999a 5 4
1952 1978 10 1978 1992 6.5% 5.8% 1952 1977 1.8% 3.0% 6 1978 1996 20% 7 1986 9.2% 10 20.6% 1996 47.9% 1986 3% 1995 8% 1984 1984 69.3% 1987 93.6% 1997 59.2% 51.2% (Zhang, 1997) (Yao, 1999) (, 1998) Liu, Wang and Yao (2001) Yao(2001) 6 1994, pp. 155 7 1978 61.2% 93.1% 1996 52.9% 5
Yan Zhang (1995) 8 7 10 9 70 (Cao, 1996) 70 8 Wu (1992) TFP 49% 1980 61% 1988 41% Wang and Yao (1998) 1995 35% 9 1998 6
51%-54% 1987 1995 154% 108% 1987 65% 1995 54% Lin Yao 1999b ( Putterman, 1997; Ronnas, 1996; Zweig, 1997) (Byrd Lin, 1990; Wu, 1990; Wu, 1992a; Zhang, 1993; Lim, 1994) (Wu, 1992b; Wu, 1992c; Wu, 1993; Jefferson, Rawski, Zheng, 1996) (Byrd Lin, 1990; Yao, 1999) (, Byrd Lin, 1990; Dong Putterman, 1997) (Chen, Watson, Findlay, 1990; Wu, 1992b; Zweig, 1997) 10 11 10 Jin Qian (1998) 1986 1994 Lin Yao 1999b 11 Lin Yao 1999a 7
8 1 1970 1978 1970 1978 / / / 2 GDP / / / 3 FDI / FDI FDI FDI FDI 4 5
6 1000 / 7 / / 8 1994 / 1979 1978 1983 HRS 1978 1997 28 1970 1997 15 15 1970 1977 15 1970 1977 1978 1997 1970 1997 1996 9
1978 1997 1978 12 1970 1997 1978 1978 1978 1978 Jin Qian (1998) 28 6 Panel Data II IV I III 1 1 1978-1997 1978 I II I 175 / 12 1978 10
1019 / 13 1978 0.24 II 14 GDP GDP 1.70 GDP 1.89 0.74 FDI 1970-1997 70 FDI II FDI 0.12 FDI 0.12 13 14 1978-1997 78 78 11
1978 1983 II 1 0.61 2 1970-1997 1970-1997 GDP FDI HRS 15 80 90 16 1978-1997 1970 70 15 1970 16 1970 70 1970 70 80 12
80 1978 1978 1970-1997 1970 1983, 1984 1991, 1992 1997 17 IV 1984 1984 1991 1992 1997 1984 1984 135.5 1984 1984 771.6 F 4.01 5% 1992 1992 282.5 1992 116.58 F 16.72 1% 1 1978-1997 1970-1997 (1) (2) (3) (4) 1468.90** 1330.4** -914.45* 112.23 17 1984 1992 1984 1992 1989-1992 13
GDP 1.69** (0.14) 659.80 (294.29) (378.27) (496.00) (543.53) (588.93) 0.04 (0.27) -1723.9** (581.52) 1528.6** (516.19) 1631.3** (668.08) -0.93** (0.16) FDI 3.43** (0.50) -2458.2 (2687.4) 0.25** 0.09-0.02** ( ) (0.006) HRS -14.31 (241.91) -46.23 (33.70) 0.70** (0.20) -723.81** (240.60) 7.23** (1.50) 0.64 (0.42) -4.52** (0.78) 1.70** (0.14) -383.97 (679.89) -0.24 (0.35) -1285.2* (716.19) 1371.2** (516.87) 4404.1** (1092.6) -1.08** (0.17) 3.49** (0.50) -117.62 (2724.6) 0.24** (0.09) -0.02** (0.006) -23.56 (236.19) -15.94 (45.56) 0.86** (0.20) -855.06** (242.12) 3.83 (2.07) 0.43 (0.47) -2.64** (0.97) -1019.3** (406.56) 175.03* (97.45) -85.10 0.48** (0.15) -537.65 (606.89) -0.12 (0.30) 1.34** (0.28) 2.37** (0.52) -0.16* (0.87) 14.94 (122.48) 105.46 (300.28) 6.64 (38.96) 1.01** (0.16) 407.73 (304.58) 3.74 (6.25) -0.03 (0.26) 303.27** (100.66) 0.74** (0.16) -6176.3** (1576.9) -1.4** (0.45) 1.08** (0.28) 2.44** (0.51) -0.07 (0.08) -229.81 (150.89) 67.33 (292.72) 143.97** (59.027) 0.92** (0.16) 287.02 (307.50) 3.70 (6.15) 1.10** (0.36) 236.97* (123.86) 1129.2** (519.94) 412.74** (132.17) -282.47** (111.51) (94.69) -164.96-587.79** 14
(125.08) (161.00) -192.87-415.52** (133.38) (131.67) 1 2 * 10% ; ** 5% 1 2 FDI 3 4 70 5 1978 1997 1970-1997 1978 1970 6 1970 1997 7 1970 1997 15
References Byrd, William and Qingsong Lin (1990). China s Rural Industry: Structure, Development, and Reform. Oxford University Press. Cao, Xinshui (1996). Traditional Chinese Peasant Economy in Southern Jiangsu, Central Translation Press, Beijing. Che, Jiahua and Yingyi Qian (1998). Insecure Property Rights and Government Ownership of Firms. Quarterly Journal of Economics. May 1998b, 113(2), pp. 467-496. Chen Chunlai, Andrew Watson, and Christopher Findley (1990). One state-two economies: Current issues in China s rural industrialization. Working Paper series, Chinese Economic Research Unit, The University of Adelaide. Chen, Jiyuan (1988). A Study of the Models of the Township and Village Enterprises. The Chinese Social Sciences Press, Beijing. Dong, Xiao-yuan and Louis Putterman (1997). Productivity and organization in China s rural industries: A stochastic frontier analysis. Journal of Comparative Economics, 24: 181-201. Jefferson, Gary, Thomas Rawski, and Yuxin Zheng (1996). Chinese industrial productivity: Trends, measurement issues, and recent development. Journal of Comparative Economics, 23: 146-180. Jin, Hehui and Yingyi Qian (1998). Public vs. Private Ownership of Firms: Evidence from Rural China. Quarterly Journal of Economics. 113(3), pp. 773-808. 52. Lim, Steve (1994). Rural industry - interactions with agricultural and state industry. Working Paper series, Chinese Economic Research Unit, The University of Adelaide. Lin, Justin Y. (1992). Rural reforms and agricultural growth in China. American Economic Review, 82(1): 34-51. Lin, Justin Y. and Yang Yao (1999a). Chinese rural industrilization in the context of East Asia miracle. China Center for Economic Research, Beijing University, working paper series, No. E1999004. 16
Lin, Justin Y. and Yang Yao (1999b). Alignment with Comparative Advantages and TVE development in China s Provinces. Mimeo. Liu, Yigao, Xiaoyi Wang and Yang Yao (2001). The Social and Economic Dynamics of the Chinese Village. ShijiaZhuang: Hebei Renmin Press. Putterman, Louis (1997). On the past and future of China s township and village-owned enterprises. World Development, Vol. 25(10): 1639-1655. Ronnas, Per (1996). Rural Industries in Post-reform China. International Labor Organization, New Delhi. Svejnar, Jay (1990). "Productive efficiency and employment." In China s rural industry: Structure, development, and reform, edited by William Byrd and Qinsong Lin. Oxford University Press. Tinakorn, Pranee (1995). Industrialization and Welfare: How Porverty and Income Distribution Are Affected? In Thailand s Industrialization and Its Consequences, edited by Medhi Krongkaew. New York: St. Martin s Press. Wang, Yueping (1997). "FDI and Industrial Development in China." China Center for Economic Research, Beijing University, working paper series, No. 1997013. Wang, Yueping and Yang Yao (1998). "Technological capacities and development China's small enterprises." Draft prepared for a World Bank comparative study of small firms in developing counties. Wu, Harry (1992a). The industrialization of China s rural labor force since the economic reform. Working Paper series, Chinese Economic Research Unit, The University of Ad elaide. Wu, Harry (1992b). China s rural economic performance during the reform decade: Estimate and assessment. Working Paper series, Chinese Economic Research Unit, The University of Adelaide. Wu, Yanrui (1990). Rural industrialization in China: A general equilibrium analysis. Working Paper series, Chinese Economic Research Unit, The University of Adelaide. Wu, Yanrui (1992c). Productivity performance of of Chinese rural enterprises: A comparative study. Working Paper series, Chinese Economic Research Unit, The University of Adelaide. Wu, Yanrui (1993). One industry, two regimes: The Chinese textile sector growth, reforms, and efficiency. Working Paper series, Chinese Economic Research Unit, The University of Adelaide. Yan, Y. and S. Zhang (1995). Technical Advancement of Chinese TVEs, Nongye Keji Press, Beijing. Yao, Yang (1999). Rural industry and labor market integration in eastern rural China. Journal of Development Economics. Yao, Yang (2001), Government Commitment and the Outcome of Privatization in China, Mimeo, China Center for Economic Research. Zhang, Gang (1997). Chinese Rural Enterprises between Plan and Market. Ph.D. dissertation, Stockholm School of Economics. 17
Zhang, Xiaohe (1993). Modeling China s rural economy. Working Paper series, Chinese Economic Research Unit, The University of Adelaide. Zwig, David (1997). Freeing China s Farmers: Restructuring in the reform era. 1994 1998 6 1999c C.1999029 (1998) " 1998 (12) 1997 18