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1 Ξ ( ) 80,, U, Birdsall (1995) U ( 1991) ;,, : ( ),,,, U,,,,,, ( 1994),,,, (1955),,,, : U (1991), Ξ ; ;, ;,, 1-2 1/ 3,, 21

2 , ( ) , , ( 1) , 20 %, 216 %, 20 %, , 24 %, 311 % % % :,,,,,,,,, 015,,, ( ),, ;, 10 % 10 % 5 ( ),,,,,, 60 % 10 % (,1994) %, 32, 314 %,,,,, ;,, ;,,,,,,,, (1994), % 22

3 ( ),?,,,,?,, ( G) ( G i ) ( Y i ) : G = G i Y i, (311) 1 = i, i = G i Y i / G (312) 2 (311) (312) ,,, %, % ; 6 12 %, % ; 90 % ; (,, ),, :,,, % %, 17, 28 % ;,,, % %,, 180 % ;,,, 013 % 414 %, 4, 1366 %?,,,,,, ( ),,,, ;,,,,, % 23

4 (O i ) ( Y i G i / G) ( %) % : (1) (311) (2) 1, (3) , 3, 7,,,, :,, % %, 4, 7 %,,,, ; 1992,,,, 616 % 7135 %, :,,,, ; ( ),,, ,, 5015 % 6916 %, 3116 % 1019 %,, 1719 % 1915 %, (1995) 24

5 ,,,, 016 % 113 %, 117 % %, 1992, ;,,,, 1 % 413 %,, 330 %,,, 011 % 118 %, 1700 % 90,,, 4, ;,, 1700 %,, 330 % 117 %, (O i ) ( Y i ) ( %) % , :,, %( ), 26 %( ) ; 1995, 75 % 25 %,,, ;, 25

6 % ,, (311) (312),,,,, 4,, ( ),, ( ), 87 %, ; 43 %, ; 48 %, 49 %,,,, :, ;,,, 26?,

7 ,,,,, ;,,,,,,,, 1,,,,,, : (1) ; (2) ; (3) ; (4),, :X 1,,, ;X 2,, ; X 3,,, ; X 4,, : Y = a 0 + a 1 X 1 + a 2 X 2 + a 3 X 3 + a 4 X 4 + (411), : ( X 1 ) a 1, ( ), ; ( X 2 ) a 2, ; ( X 3 ) a 3, ; ( X 4 ) a 4, (411) 5, (1), 1995,, , , ,, 68612,,,,,,, (2),, ; :, , 1995,,,,, 27

8 ( ) R F Y a 0 a 1 a 2 a 3 a (919) (519) (314) (218) (415) (819) (1017) (213) (310) (413) (715) (6108) (4132) (518) (314) : (1) t ; (2) : , ,, : G = 1 R 1 G R 2 G R 3 G R 4 G 4 + (412) G ; i, i ;R i, i ; G i, i ;,, 6 : (1),, , 92 %, ; , 72 % 74 % (2),,, , 70 %,,,,,,,, ( ), ( ), % (1979),, (1994) P

9 6 ( ) 1988 % 1992 % 1995 % i R i R R R R G i G G G G i R i G i R 1 G R 2 G R 3 G R 4 G G G j (3), ,, %,, ;1995,, 33 %,,, 26 %, (4),,

10 %, % ; , 25 %, % ; , 16 %, % ;, 15 %, % (5),,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1?, ( ),,,,, U, :, 5 10, , 014, 0145,,, U 2, :,,,,,,, ; Bardhan (1995) 30

11 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,, ;,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,, : (1991),, 1991,1994 (1993),, (1994),The Estimation of Incidence on Income Distribution of Abnormal Income : the Case of China, Nankai Eco2 nomics S t udies,vol., NO. ; 1992 ; (1995),,, (1994),, ( 39 ) 31

12 ,,,,,,,, ( ), ;,,,,?,,, ;,,,,,, : 1 (1994),, :, 2 (1993), (1993),, (1992),, :, 5 (1996),, 6 D1 (1991),, 7 (1992),, (1995),, (1991),, ( : ) ( : ) ( 31 ) (1995),, 30 ( ) N. Birdsall and D. Roses and R. Sabot (1995),Inequality and Growth Reconsidered : Lessons from East Asia, The World Bank Economic Review 9 (3). P. Bardhan (1995),Research on Poverty and Development Twenty Years after Redistribution with Growth,in A nnual World Bank Conf erence on Development Economics 1995 edited by M.,Bruno and B., Pleskovic. S., Kuznets(1955), Economic Growth and Income Inequality, A merican Economic Review, Vol. 45,No. 1,March. ( : ) ( : ) 39

农业发展中的性别参与和土地经营

农业发展中的性别参与和土地经营 Working Paper Series No.20 2002 6 1997 1978-2000 28.1% 15.9% 2000 63.8 50% 80 90 1997 1 1997 8.74 71.39% 9 83.4% 30 2% 4.51 51.63% 4.23 48.37% 106.7( 2.1) 2.1-0.5 100 110 110 105 0.2 20 105 8 10 100 2.1