2008 3 ( 85 ) 3 :, : ( ),, (1982) ( 1991) ( 1993) ( 2004) (2005) (2006) (2006) (2006), : ;,,,,,, 3,, ;,, 28
:,,, (polarity words) (, 1999: 91) 1. 1 (2001: 53),,,, ( 1999: 92) :,,,,, : (1), ( ) (2),! (2005 ) (3), ( tom ) (4),? (CCL \ \ ) (5), (W indows. L ive ) (6),! ( ) (7) ( \ ),,,,,, :, ;,,,,,,, (49) (50) (51) 29
2008 3 ( 85 ) 1. 2, ( 2001: 57), 150,, : A. B. ( li o) C. (1995a) :,,,,,, : (8),? /, (9),? ( ) (10),, (, 2001: 57),,,,,, (9),, (1995b 2004),,,,, 2. 1 + + + + +, + +,,, (, 1984;, 1988) : 30 (11) a. b.? (12) a. b.?
: (13) a. b.? (1995b),,,, + + +,, : (14),,? ( \ ) (15), ( \ ) (16),, (CCL \ \ \ \1994 \04) + + + ( ),, : (17) 3,, : (18),,,,,,,, 2. 2 + N +A + / N +A + N +A + /,, : (19) (20)? (21) (22)? (20) (22) + N + A + /, N +A +, : (23), (24), + N +A + /, N +A + /,,,,,,, (1993) 31
2008 3 ( 85 ),, + N +A + /,, ( (23) (24) ), N, : (25), ( ) (26), ( ), ( 1999: 147-194) (,, ),,, (1999: 155),, /, +A?, A,, A, A +?, A,, A, / :, 3. 1 +A,,, A /V A /V, : (27)?????? (28)?, ( ),, :,,,,,,,,, :,, :,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,, (, 1995 ),, 32
: : (29),,, ( ) (30),,,, ( ) (31),, ( ) (32),,,,, ( ) (1999: 157-158) :,, ; : 3?, : :,,, NP +VP,, NP + / VP,,,, 3. 2 + / +, ( ), (33) /? 3,, + + : (34),,, (www. xitek. com /forum / sorthread) (35), ( ) (36),,, 3. 3 V / V /, V V, V V : (37)???? (1999: 185-188) Leech, :,,, 33
2008 3 ( 85 ),, ; /, V V, :, V V, V V (38),,, ( ) (39),,?! ( \ ) (40)????????? ( ) : (38) V V, ; (39) (40) V V, V 3. 4 / N / N, (1998: 287) :,,,,,,, N, N,,,,,,,, N, N, : (41), (42), (43), (44),, ;,, (, 2003), 34
:,,,,,, (2001), (1999: 43-57),, ( ),, (V) / V (A) / A, ; (2000: 264) : +Ax (Ax ) Ax, Ax ; Ax Ax,, +Ax Ax, Ax, A A,, (A, A ), A A, 4. 1 N +A N + A N +A, N + A, : (45) 3 3 (46) 3 3?,, A A N,,,, A A : (47), ( ) (48), (www. 51. com ) (47) (48), A A, N A,, A,, / / (,, ),, (, 2001: 120) 35
2008 3 ( 85 ), N A, + + ( ) (1999: 177), Zimmer(1964) Boucher & O sgood (1969),, +, +,,,,,,, ;,, ( ), +,,,, + ( ), + N,,, (49) (50) (51), N1 + A,, (49), (50), (51),, N1 + A, N2 + N1 + A N1 +A, N2 + N1 + A, A A N + A, N + VP : (52) a. b. 3 c., (53) a. b.? c., (54) a. b.? c., N + VP VP, N1 + A, N2 + N1 + A N1 + VP, N2 + N1 + VP : A / VP, ;, N A / VP,, 36
:,, (2001), ( ),, ; ( ),,, 4. 2 N + + + N + / (, ), ( ), N +, + N +, N + +, : (55) a. / b. / c.? /,, + N,,,, : (56),, (CCL \ ) (57), N + /, N +A /V N + A /V, + N +A /V, : (58) a. b. c.???, : (59) ( ) (60), ( \ ) (61),! (CCL \ ),, /,,,, ( ) + N +, N + + ; ( ) N + + /, + N + /,,,,, ; ( ),, 37
2008 3 ( 85 ) 4. 3,,, ( ) V + ( ) + + V ( ), + V + + + +V,,, : (62) a.? b.?? c.? (CCL \ \1993 \R93_05) (63) a.? b.?? c.? ( 1996 10 30 ) +V +, : (64) :? : (65) :? : VP VP V V V V V V V V V N ( ) V N : (66),? (CCL \ \ ) (67),! ( ) (68), (CCL \ \1993 \R93_02) (69),, ( 1996 4 22 ) (70) (CCL \ 1994 \94Rm rb4) (71),, (CCL \ \1993 \04) + VP /AP +V + ( ) + + +V ( ),, : (72) : (2005) 38
: :? (73) : :?, + VP /AP + VP /AP / : (74),, (CCL \ \1993 \R93_04) (75),? (CCL \ \1994 \01) (76),,, ( ) (77), :,,,, ( CCL \ \ 1994 \ 94Rm rb2) (78),,,,, (CCL \ \1994 \94Rm rb4) (79), (CCL \ \1994 \94Rm rb4) +V + V V, V V, : (80),,,, ( ),,,,,, ( ), (, 1999),, ;,,, ( ) 4. 4 +V + V (, 1988),,,,, ;,,,,,, / : (81) a. b.? (82) a. / / b. 3 / / 39
2008 3 ( 85 ) (83) a. b. 3 :, + V,, (, 2006), ;, : (84), ( ) (85), ( ) (CCL \ ) (86),? ( http: / /zhidao. baidu. com /question) (87)? (88)? (89),?? (84) (85), (86) (87) (88), (89) V V V, V + / V ( ) V + / V ( ), V + / V : (90), ( 1996 9 2 ) (91),, ( CCL \ \ 1994 \ 94Rm rb3) (92), ;, ( 1998 1 14 ) V + / V V,,, : (93) ( ) V V V V,, V + / / V, / / V, CCL 2. 6 : (94),,,, ( ) (95),,, (CCL \ \1994 \11) + A : 40
: (96) ( BLOG\ BLOG ) (97),, ( 1995 2 8 ) (98), ( ) (99), (CCL \ \1993 \R93_09),,, A 4. 5 V /A V / A, (1999: 177) : 3 3,, (1999: 177),,,, V ;,,, V V, V,, ( ) ( ), ( ),,, V / V, ; V / V,,,,,,,,, ( 1999: 330),,, ( ),,,,,,, 41
2008 3 ( 85 ) (2003), 3 (2006), 13 ; 13, : (2000), : (2006), ( ) (1982),, : (2005) :, 5 (2006), 4 (1984), 1 (1988), ( ), : (1980), : (1988), 1 (2006), 13 (1993), 5 (1995a), ( ), : (1995b), 5 (1999), : (2004),, : (2001) ( ), : (2004), 3 (1993), ( ) 1 (1998), : (2005), (1991), 3 (1995), 2 Borcher, J. & C. E. O sgood ( 1969) The Pollyanna Hypothesis. Journal of V erbal Learning and V erbal B ehavior 8, 1-8. Zimmer, K. E. ( 1964) Affixal negation in English and other languages: An investigation of restricted p roductivi2 ty. Supp lement to W ord 20. 2,. 5.,, 1960,,, ( : 150080 ) 42
SH3J I, H%NY? J I%O XU CH INESE TEACH ING IN THE WO RLD No. 3 July 2008 Abstracts of papers in th is issue A survey on the language situa tion in Ch ina L IY um ing, p5 This article is based on L anguage S ituation in China: 2007 (, ). Generally, China wit2 nessed an active life of language in 2007. The Chinese government has been aim ing at construc2 ting a harmonious life in language. Thus the idea of language recourses has been established grad2 ually, the life of language receives much concern, and the study on the situation of the life of field language m eets a more sim ultaneous development. Key w ords: China, life of language, language resources, field language On the softly persuad ing function of ( N) bu V im pera tive sen tence W AN X inzheng, p16 A s a subtype of Chinese imperative sentences, the (N ) bu V sentence has a particular function of soft persuasion, which includes the intimate attitude towards the listener, the arou2 sing of the initiative of the listener, and the moderate dem anding to the listener. The function comes from the mental and emotional congeniality the speaker tries to achieve w ith the listener. This kind imperative sentence is the result of empathy. Key w ords: (N) bu V, type imperative sentence, softly persuading function, empathy Un ila tera l symm etr ica l expression, gramma tica l un it s symm etry and a symm etry CHEN Y i, p28 There is a kind of unilateral symmetrical exp ression ( SE) in Chinese in which one of the i2 tem s is independent and the other is not independent, i. e. it must be subordinate to the former. Normally, the em ergence of such exp ressions is the result of the symmetrical operation of incom 2 p lete equipollent grammatical unit and syntagm a on the function. This paper discusses the SE of 1) opposite polar item s, 2) marked construals which are composed of bounded and unbounded u2 nits, 3) marked and unmarked item s of antonym s, 4) symmetry and asymm etry of the affirmative and negative form s of non2polar item s, etc. Key w ords: unilaterality, symm etrical structure, symmetry, asymmetry Q le - The postposed mark of qua lity degree in spoken Ch inese CHU Zex iang, p43 Q le ( ) in spoken Chinese is a mark of quality degree that can be treated as an ad2 verb of degree. It can only be p laced after the adjective, having comparability and subjectivity in character, and is exclusively used in exclamatory sentences. Q le, as an exp ression from a