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7 : (19) a. b.,, c.,? : { { a, b }, { Ea, Eb } } : Eb Ea,,, ( 19a), a, b,,, : (20) a.,, b.,, (21) a. b., c.,? : { a, x } ( a ) : x, a (22) a. b.,, : { a, x } ( a ) : x, a / (23) a. 6, b., c., d. : { E } : E /, :,,, (23) a b, c d (24) a., b.,, c. :,!,? d.,, 11

8 ( 86 ) : { E } : E /,, ( ) (25) a. b., c.,, : { t( ), E } : E,,,, 4. 2,, / (26) a. b. c. d. : { { a, b }, { E } } a b ( r) # Ei/f : a b; b ( b r), E ( Ei Ef) a?, a, a b, a, a b,, : (27), ( ) (28) ( ) (29) a. b , 1, 2 (26),, 12

9 :,? (2006) : 2 1 (A spp) (2006) : 1, ; 2,, 1 2, ( ) 1 2,, /,, (30) a. b. : { { a, b }, { P } } a b ( r) # P P : a b; b ( b r), a ( P) (31) a. b., c.? : { { a, b }, { a, b } } : b a /,,,,, (32) a., b. :,? : :,? : { { a, b }, { a Ea, b Eb } } : Eb Ea,,, (33) a. b. 13

10 ( 86 ) c. : { A, B } : B A, :,,, 1 2, (34) a., ( (2006) ) b.,, c.,,? : { { a, b }, { a, b } } : a b, b a,, (34b),, (2006) (34a),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (1982), : (1998), : (1980), : (2006), 2, : 14

11 : (2006) 2, 13, : (2006), (2007), (2004), : Coulson, S. ( 2001 ) Sem antic L eaps: Fram e2shifting and Conceptual B lending in M eaning Construction. Cam2 bridge, England: Cambridge University Press. Fauconnier, G. (1985 /1994) M ental Spaces: A spects of M eaning Construction in N atural L anguage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Fauconnier, G. (1997) M appings in Thought and Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Fillmore, C. J. (1982) Frame semantics. In L inguistics in them orning Calm, Seoul: Hanshin. (, 27, :, 2003 ) Talmy, L. ( 2000) Tow ard a Cognitive Sem antics, 2 vols, Cambridge, M assachusetts: The M IT Press.,,, ( : ) ( ) 6 140, 103 John E. Endicott,,,,,, : AP,, VRML,,,,,,, : ; ;, ; ( ) 15

12 SH3J I, H%NY? J I%O XU CH INESE TEACH ING IN THE WO RLD No. 4 O ctober 2008 Abstracts of papers in th is issue Seman tic structure and seman tic ana lysis of Ch inese form words GUO Ru i, p5 The m eanings of form words depend on other constituents that co2occur w ith them. In other words, the form words usually are used to introduce semantic elements such as entities, tim e, lo2 cation, etc., and their meanings are exp ressed in organizing and assigning certain relations to these elem ents. B y sem antic structure we m ean the semantic elements that are introduced by the form word and the relations among these elements that are exp ressed by the form word. Once the semantic structure of a form word is analyzed, its basic m eanings are readily clear. In this paper, the author has attemp ted to describe the adverb h ( ) and the particle le ( ) semantically and, as the result, some new meanings have been found. Key w ords: sem antic structure, sem antic elem ent, relation, m eanings of form words A study of the phenom ena of European iza tion in m odern Ch inese grammar HE Yang, p16 B ased on the fact that the Chinese language has been affected by Indo2European languages, especially the English language, since the M ay 4 th Movement in 1919, this paper exp lores what and how the Europeanization influences modern Chinese gramm ar and how it is characterized. Further, it discusses the nature and characteristics of indirect language contact. It is the author s op inion that the grammatical changes that arose from the influences of Europeanization, as obvious and extensive as they are, could not break restriction of the existing resources of Chinese gramm ar and they lead to fuller development and use of these resources. The Europeanization is mainly seen in w ritings, but hardly in colloquial Chinese. Key w ords: phenom enon of Europeanized gramm ar, language contact, language change An explora tion of the synchron ic var ia tion of od ZHANG X iusong, p32 Based on identifying the sememes od ( ) as a word, this paper describes the syntactic, semantic and p ragmatic features of od as a phrase, a time adverb, a mood adverb of annotation or interrogation. Key w ords: od, syntactic features, semantic features, p ragmatic features A text lingu istic ana lysis of the sen tence w ith ku n qi in m odern Ch inese XU Yanq ing, p44 This paper investigates and analyzes, in term s of text linguistics, the sentence in which the connective ku n qi ( ) is used of how the clause of conclusion and that of reason and how the

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