per & T hom p son, 1980),,,,,,, ergative (, ),,,,, (ergative),, ( L yon s, 1977, ), ( ),, John m oved the stone T he stone m oved, (L yon s, 19

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1 Abstract T he au tonom ou s and the cau sative are tw o basic sen tence con structs in Ch inese sem an tic syn tax. W e m ay find it difficu lt to u se these con structs to exp lain the gramm atical structu re of m odern Ch inese, bu t a sen sib le exp lanation can be derived from the h isto rical developm en t of gramm atical structu re. It is comm on ly acknow ledged that som e characteristics of Ch inese gramm ar, such as " verb+ com p lem en t" and " con2 secu tive p redicates", are generally h isto rical evo lu tion s of the cau sative con struct of the classical Ch inese. T he disyllab ization of the structu ral un its and the p rincip le of tim e and w o rd o rder are clo sely related to th is developm en ṫ T he au tonom ou s and the cau sative are sim p le yet im po rtan t clues to a better understanding of the structu ral ru les of m odern Ch inese gramm aṙ, (, 1997),,,,,, (1986a), :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (Hop2 11

2 per & T hom p son, 1980),,,,,,, ergative (, ),,,,, (ergative),, ( L yon s, 1977, ), ( ),, John m oved the stone T he stone m oved, (L yon s, 1977, ; H alliday, 1985, ), (John m oved the stone T he stone m oved), 2,,, 2,,,,, :, ;,,, (L yon s, 1977, 342),,,, - (, 1991) T he stone m oved,, (1987) 1987,,,,, : X Y X X Y Y :, : ( ) 12

3 ,,,,,,,,, ergative,,,, ergative ( ), ;, 2,,, :,,, John m oved the stone John;,, ( ),,,,,,, : (ergative),,,!,,,,,,,,, ;, -, :,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, 13

4 1957 -, ( ),, -,,, 1989 ;,,,,, :,,,,,,,,, (, 1990, 1994, 1996),,, (1965, 442), :,,, (1987, 2) :,,,,,,,,,,, (, 1986, 367),,,,,,, 14

5 , (1986b, 5-9),,, :,,,, :,, :,,,,,,, (1993),,,,, ;,, ( 2 )? -, 2 :, ;,,, 2 : ,,,, A B, A,B : A 1, 2 ( ) ( ) 3 ( ) B, 2 2 2, 1 2 1,, 1 2, 1 2; 1 1, , 2 2,,,,, 1, 2,, : 1, 2 3,, 7, :,,,

6 ,, 2,, , : 4, 5,, 6, 7, 2 1 : 4,, ; 5,,,,,,, 6 7, 2 : 6 ; 7,,,,, 2,,,,,,,, 2, ;,, : 1.? ( ) 2.,, ;,, ( ) ) 3., ;, ( ) 4. :,,, ( (1965, 442; 1986, 367),,,,, 16

7 ,,,, :,,,,, 1,,? [ ] :,,,, ( ),, ( ) ( ), (, 1985),, (1992, 238), 3000, 2000,, -, ( ), :,, ;,, V 1NV 2,, V 1NV 2, ( ),,,,,,, :,,,,,,, : 5,, ( ) 6,, 65 ( ) 7,,, ( ) 5,,,,,,,, 17

8 ,, ( ),,,,, (1943, 23),,,,,,, -, (1944, 134),,,,, (1953, 112), (1960),, (1982, ),,,, N,, N, N V 2, N, N V 2? N V 2,,N V 1,,,,, N,N V 1, V 2, N,,,,, (, 1956;, 1977) ;,,,,, N,,, :,, : + + +,,, ;,, ( ), 18

9 ,,,,,,,? (1986, 359, 368, 410),, ( ),,,,,,,, (, 1980;, 1982),,,, AA,, ( ) (1940),,,,,,, :,,,,, ( ), ;,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, AB,, (1984, ) : : 15, : 35, : 15, : 35, ( ),,, : 19

10 , ( ),,, ;,,,,,, ( 1986, 368) :,? ( ) ( ),, ( ),,,,,,,, ( ) ( ),,, ; ( ),,,,,,, ( 2),,,,, :,?,, : s- b- g-, - par b jed - la du (, 1991, ),,,,,,,,,,,,,?, (, 1985),,,,,,,,, 20

11 ,, ;, 1 2,,,,,,,,, (1980), 3 (1982),, (1984),, (1985),, (1940), ( ),, 1961 H alliday, M. A. K. Hopper, Paul J. & Sandra A. L ang uag e, N o. 2. (1985), A n Introd uction to F unctional G ramm ar, L ondon. T homp son (1980), T ransitivity in Gramm ar and D iscourse, (1986a) (, 1987) (1986b), 1 (1987), 1 L yons, J. (1977), Introd uction to T heoretical L ing u istics, Cam bridge U niversity P resṡ (1980), ( ) 5 (1991), (1943), 2,, 1985 (1944), 1,, 1984 (1965), 16,, 1990 (1986), 11,, 1990 (1992), (1956), 1 (1990),,, 1993 (1991), (1994), 3-4 (1996),, (1997), 1 (1977), 4 (1982), (1993),,,, 1931, 21

, ( ),,,,?,, ;,,,,, : ( ),, 1999 ( ), 400,, :, ( ) ( ) , ; :, , ;, : ( ), 2000 ( ) :, 1934, 9 ; :, 1936, 1973

, ( ),,,,?,, ;,,,,, : ( ),, 1999 ( ), 400,, :, ( ) ( ) , ; :, , ;, : ( ), 2000 ( ) :, 1934, 9 ; :, 1936, 1973 Ξ 20 30,,,,,,,, ;, (1922-1927 ), Ξ,, 56 , ( ),,,,?,, ;,,,,, 20 30 : (1922-1927),, 1999 ( ), 400,, :, ( ) ( ) 15 5-6, 1985 11 ; :, 1992 2, 1996 5 ;, : ( ), 2000 ( ) :, 1934, 9 ; :, 1936, 1973, 328 57 2000