* 17 技職教育 國家考試 人才培育 * President, Fo Guang University
The Development of Technological-Vocational Education and National Examination Reform Chau-Shiang Yang Abstract In the past, Technological-vocational education (TVE) has offered a great number of high-quality skilled manpower at all levels and made significant contribution to the prosperities of Taiwan. At the beginning this article discussed the industrial development and manpower demands in Taiwan, the efforts of TVE at the various stages of industrial development in Taiwan, the important events of the Republic of China's TVE Development and the number of higher TVE schools in Taiwan. And then discussed TVE trends and TVE reform overseas, 14 strategies of Technological - Vocational Education reform were proposed. In response to meet the change in Technological-Vocational Education and the demand of industry in manpower, 12 suggestions were proposed for examination agencies. Finally, integrate Education, Testing, Training and Employment into a four in one seamless talent cultivation and personnel placement system. Ministry of Examination take charge of system of certification as the recruitment manpower for the government and private sector, and TVE is in charge of manpower training, both needs to unify closely. TVE is at critical moment for facing the changes of the industry, society; country demand for talent, National Examination must make corrections with it. Only both side works closely integrated, Taiwan can really reach the goals of "Recommending talents for the country ", "Cultivating talents for the industry." Keywords: Technological-vocational education (TVE), National Examination, Cultivating Talents 18 國家 NATIONAL ELITE NO.27 第七卷 第三期
130 3500 600 19
1 勞力密集產業 資本密集產業 技術密集產業 知識密集產業 圖 1 產業發展四階段 20 國家 NATIONAL ELITE NO.27 第七卷 第三期
16 2011a 2010 2004 40 50 21
57 50 70 skill workers technician 70 90 technologist 63 70 80 80 86 1 85 22 國家 NATIONAL ELITE NO.27 第七卷 第三期
1 年份 36 42 44 55 57 63 68 69 72 79 83 84 重要發展項目 3 : 7 8 83 85 18 86 5 89 90 91 95 96 98 100 100 2011 23
2 2 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 68 68 70 70 70 70 71 71 71 12 15 17 22 29 32 37 38 41 55 56 55 53 46 45 41 40 37 19 15 16 14 17 16 15 15 15 154 154 158 159 162 163 164 164 164 (2010) 2009 10 10 24 國家 NATIONAL ELITE NO.27 第七卷 第三期
2007a 2007b 2010a 2010b 1970 3 103 25
3 學年度 學校數學生數 ( 人 ) 合計高職高中綜合高中高職高中合計 97 477 156 321 103,575 13.8% 346,563 46.0% 302,741 40.2% 752,879 98 486 156 330 96,396 12.7% 354,608 46.8% 306,787 40.5% 757,791 2010 Knowledge-Based Skilled Manpower 2 University College Employable Skills The Last Mile Training 26 國家 NATIONAL ELITE NO.27 第七卷 第三期
GDP 2 技術 發 27 用 技術 發 知識 產業 人才培育 發人才培育 產業人才 人才培育 圖 2 技職院校在知識產業化中的角色功能
1:1:1 e 28 國家 NATIONAL ELITE NO.27 第七卷 第三期
e 99 1 224 22 95 8 3,953 99 5 5,114 4 3 34% 29 4 95-99 學制 95 96 97 98 99 6,342 6,790 7,175 7,132 6,802 17,197 16,630 14,585 11,521 5,942 20,437 22,638 21,669 19,321 17,122 7,442 6,948 5,936 5,026 4,192 32,535 30,556 27,761 22,983 21,056 83,953 83,562 77,126 65,983 55,114 - -391-6,436-11,143-10,869
2010 30 國家 NATIONAL ELITE NO.27 第七卷 第三期
2010 3 2009 2010 31 學 計 人才 職能 職能 國家考試 培訓 用 考 試 圖 3 教 考 訓 用人才培育制度 ( 楊朝祥,2009)
453 1998 84 32 國家 NATIONAL ELITE NO.27 第七卷 第三期
453 performance test OSCE 33
34 國家 NATIONAL ELITE NO.27 第七卷 第三期
WTO 97 35
2004 2009 2010 2011a 2011b 2007a 2007 : http://www.npf. org.tw/post/2/1716 2007b 2007: http://www.npf.org.tw/ post/2/1733 2009 2009 6 1-16 2010a 135-164 2010b Strategies for Technological-Vocational Education Development in Chinese Taipei presented at The 6th APEC Future Education Forum and The 8th Int l ALCoB Conference. November 24th ~ November 26th, 2010. Busan, KOREA 2010 2010.07 2010 6-42 36 國家 NATIONAL ELITE NO.27 第七卷 第三期