The study of contemporary civil Servant Recruit/Appointment System of our Nation Key wordsexamination Recruit Promotion Government reform Administration neutrality i
ii
Abstract It is important and urgent for government s discretion to make good use of Recruit /appointment system to introduce new blood into the government to cope with the needs of the society. This essay tried to analyze the problems that our civil servants recruiting system has encountered. The similar systems of other developed countries were also discussed. This essay made several suggestions concerning government reforms in accordance with the latest world trend and the way to help civil servants realize their roles in democratic administration. This essay also tried to make clear what government can do to review and revise personnel laws as well as civil service systems, so as to recruit competent individuals into the government to provide better services to the people. Because the reform of civil servant personnel system is a part of government reform plan, and the reform of recruit/appointment system is a crucial link of civil servant personnel system, while present recruit/appointment system still has some flaws to be corrected, this essay made some suggestions on the issues of examination, appointment and promotion. A. Examination: 1. To abolish the prerequisite qualifications in all kinds of national examinations. 2. To increase the number of extra list of passers of both common and higher national examinations. 3. To widen the range of recruits from those who have passed profession and technician examinations to serve in the public section. iii
4. To adopt examinations with diversity and elasticity. B. Appointment system: 1. To reasonably raise the ranking paradigm of local civil servants. 2. To modify the rules of deputizing. 3. To allow the interchanges of persons of public and private sections. 4. To give elasticity to the laws of personnel appointment according to different geography locations. C. Promotion: 1. To increase the weight of performance and potential of development in the evaluation for promotion. 2. To limit the chief s authority in the evaluation for promotion. 3. To develop a fast promotion mechanism. The goal of civil servant system reform is Government Reform and Elastic Recruit. Therefore, this essay suggested that related governmental departments should play a more active role in government reform and to engage in a brand new innovation of civil servant recruit/appointment system. iv
The Study of Contemporary Civil Servant Recruit/Appointment System of our Nation.
1 4 6 8 15 25 52 71 76 90 95 107 115 119 122 131 135 147 157 163 171 177
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2 legitimate good effective 3 2 3 1998 13 2
3
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6
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Personnel Administration 1 2 W..Willoughby 3 H.A. Simon 4 O.Glen Stahl 5 1 1989 5 2 1989 6 3 W.F. Willoughby, The Principles of Public Administration(Baltimore:John s Hopkins Press,1927),p.221. 4 Herbert A. Simon, Donald W. Smithburege and Victor A. Thomson, Public Administration (New York: Afred A. Knopf, 1950),p.342. 5 O. Glenn Stahl, Public Personnel Administration (New York: Harper, and Row Publishers, 15
M.E. Dimock staff function 6 F.A. Nigro 7 8 9 10 11 1962),p.15. 6 Marshall E. Dimock, and Gladys O. Dimock, ed., Public Administration, (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston Inc., 1969),p.216. 7 Felix A. Nigro, Public Personnel Administration.(New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1959),p36. 8 1979 6 9 1991 6 10 1993 7-8 11 1993 2-3 16
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() D.E. Klingner public organization 14 1 2 3 4 5 14 Klingner. Donald E. Public Personnel Management Context and Stragies (New Jersev: Englwood Cliffs. Prentice Hall Inc.,1998) p135. 18
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27 28 competitive services exceted services Federal Service Entrance Examination 1955-1973 27 1992 222-228 28 F.A. Nigro, Public Personnel Administration, N.Y. Henry Haltdud co.,1956,p.161. 31
32 professional and Administrative Carer Examination, PACE assembled unassembled performance examinations written exam oral exam assessment validation reliability merit examinations Veterans Preference Act, 1943 recruitment selection Federal J OB Information Center Lists of eligibles rule of three probation, conditional appointment temporary limited appointments, term appointment, part-time employment
employment in the excepted service cooperative education selective placement presidential management intern program 29 Career promotion reassignment demotion transfer reinstatement high-level talent 30 31 Senior Civil Service SES SES 29 1987 8 217 30 The difficulty of attracting and retain talented people has been a persistent and often discouraging our public service. See J.M. Pfiffner &R. Presthus, Public Administration, N.Y. The Ronald Press Company, 5 th. Ed.,1967,p.329. 31 M.E. Dimock & G. Dimock, op. cit., p.231. 33
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(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) 94
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( ) ( ) 97
98
99
100
101
17 17 1996 7 29-30 102
18 18 103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
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116
117
3 2001 12 1139.1143 118
119
4 1997 6 272-274 120
121
5 6 5 2001 9 63 2 6 1992 9 124-125 122
123
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(2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 2 2 (1) ( ) (2) (3) 142
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144
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5 5 146
Next Step Program 2010 Agenda 2010 2005 Public Service 2005 Public Service Reform Act Reshaping Administrative Culture 2010 Path to 2010 6 6 147
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2003 2002 2000 2000 2002 1995 1971 2003 11 7 A6 Cox, R.W.1994. Public Administration in British N. J. Prentice-Hall. Dimock, Marshall E.and Gladys O. Dimock 1969.Public Administration, New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston Inc. Donald E, Klingner. 1998. Public Personnel Management Context and Stragies.New Jersev: Englwood Cliffs. Prentice Hall Inc Nigro, Felix A.1959.Public Personnel Administration.New York:Holt,Rinehart & Winston. 180
Nigro, F.A.1956.Public Personnel Administration. N.Y. Henry Haltdud Co. Pfiffner, J.M. & R. Presthus,1967. The difficulty of attracting and retain talented people has been a apersistent and often discouraging our public service. See Public Administration. N.Y. The Ronald Press Company. Simon, Herbert A. Donald W.Smithburege and Victor A. Thomson.1950.Public Administration New York: Afred, A knopf. Stahi, O.Glenn 1962 Public Personnel Administration. New York: Harper, and Row Publishers Willoughby, W.F. 1927. The Principles of Public Administration. Baltimore:John s Hopkins Press 181