: 3 :,,,,,, : -,,, (,1994,2002) ; (,2003) ; (, 2002) ; (,2005) ; (2006),,,,,, ( TFP, ),,, (,2005 ;,2005),,,,,,,,, 1997, 3, 4
2006 4,,,, TFP (,2003),, 90,,,, 2005,, ;,,,,,, (disembodied),,,, (,2003),,,,,, : y = Af ( k, l) : y, k, l, A, : = - -, ( ), ( ),,,,90,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 30 914 %, (,2006 ;,2005),,,, 80,90,(1979 1989 ),,,,, 5
: ( Young,2003) 80,,,, 30 %,90 17 %(,2004),, ;,,,,, 90,, 1992,,1994,,,,, 90,,,,,,,, GDP 115, GDP 1 (, 2005) 90,,,,,,, :, S, (,2003 ;,2006) 1, 1970,,,, 2,,, : (1) ; (2),,, ; (3),, (,1996 ;,1993,2000),,,,,, ( Jovanovic,1995),,( Lucas,1993 ) 6
2006 4 (learning),, ( learning by investment), R&D,,,,,,, y = Af ( k, l) (2005) AK, AK,, AK : y = Af ( k) = Ak (1) (1) A, 1 ( : ; :) : Comin. D, Hobijn. B Historical Cross Country Technology Dataset, Version 1, April 2003 2 GDP ( : ; : ) :,,, : ga = B ( a) (1 - ) (2) ; B ( a), ; a,,, a = k, (2),,,,,, B ( a) : gb t B t = B H - B 0 B H ga (3) B H ( ), B 0, (3), : B ( a) = (4), B ( a) S, 3 B H 1 + [ ( B H ΠB 0 ) - 1 ] e - (4) a 3, 7
:,, ;,,,,,,,, ;,,,, B ( a), a = k ga = B ( a) (1 - ) : y = Af ( k) = Ak = (1 - ) A 3 B H k 1 + [ ( B H ΠB 0 ) - 1 ] e - (5) k (5) 4 5 4,,,,,,, 5,,,, AK,,,,,,, 4 B H B 0,,,,,,,, -,,,, ( ),,, 8,,
2006 4,,,,,,,,,,, 5 B H B 0,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,, 1994,,,,, (,2003,2005),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 9
:,,,, GDP,,,,,,,, GDP, GDP,, 50 60,, GDP 2Π3 (,2006) 1,,,, 1993 2004 GDP ( ), : (1),, ( ),, GDP 15 GDP 1993 2004 1993 2004 1993 2004 1993 2004 10. 52 % 6. 7 % 0. 70 % 8. 44 % 5. 48 % 8. 2 % 0. 45 % 5. 44 % 13. 87 % 3. 2 % 0. 44 % 5. 34 % 7. 14 % 5. 9 % 0. 42 % 5. 07 % 20. 41 % 1. 6 % 0. 33 % 4. 02 % 12. 75 % 2. 4 % 0. 30 % 3. 67 % 18. 10 % 1. 6 % 0. 29 % 3. 55 % 11. 32 % 2. 4 % 0. 27 % 3. 21 % 9. 68 % 1. 8 % 0. 17 % 2. 07 % Π 6. 58 % 2. 6 % 0. 17 % 2. 06 % 9. 50 % 1. 7 % 0. 16 % 1. 90 % ; (2) 7. 94 % 1. 8 % 0. 15 % 1. 77 %, 8. 09 % 1. 7 % 0. 14 % 1. 65 % 3. 14 % 4. 0 % 0. 13 % 1. 51 % : ; 9 (, ), : (2006), 8,,,,,,,,,,, 10
2006 4,,,,,,, ; : ; ;,,, :, 18 60 19 60 : ; ;,, 2 1760 1860 1860 1910 1910 1970 20 80 ( ) : ; ( ) ( ) ( ; ; ) : : : : : (2006) 11
:, 19 60 20 :,,, ; ;,,, 20 70 :, ; ; ;,,,, 20 80 :, ; () ; 2 : 11,, 21,,, 31, (, ;, ), 5,GDP 2 % ; 20 %, 70 % 41 (70 % 80 %), 51, (),,,,, R&D,,,,,, :,,, : World Bank, World Development Indicators, 2000 ;World Bank, Data and Statistics, Country Data 12
2006 4,,,,,,, : 11,,, 21,, 31,,, ;,, 41,, 51 R&D,,,,,,2006 :, 1,1994,2002 ::,1994,2002,2005 :, 9,2003 :, 5,2005 : :,,1996 :,,2005 :, 12,2003 : ( ),,1994 : ( ),,2003, ( ),,2003, ( ),,2004,,,2005 :,,2005 :2006 2020,,2006 : ( ),2006 : FDI :, 2,2005 : FDI, 10,2003 :, 8,2002 ::, 6,2006 : :, 2,2003 :, 8 13
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