Microsoft Word - 阮俊達－狼煙燃起？從溪洲部落反拆遷抗爭看原住民運動的動員結構v2.0.doc

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2 Igniting Beacon's Flame? Observation of Mobilizing Structure in Indigenous Movements Through Shi-Jou Tribe Anti-Demolition Protest Chun-Ta Juan Department of Sociology, National Taiwan University Abstract Indigenous movements have been spreading in different tribes during past twenty years, transforming from pan-indigenous ethic movements led by Alliance of Taiwan Aborigines into pro-tribalism and pro-indigenous nationalism after 1990 s. In recent years, power of tribes seems to congregate under the ideology of tribalism. In different movements, we can observe grassroots activists ignite beacons flame : establishing contacts between tribes, turning problems of specific tribes into common issues of whole indigenous groups, and then draw more attention. So my questions are: how does mobilizing structure in late indigenous movements be formed? And how does this mobilizing structure (organizations and social networks) function in the protests? Focusing on the mobilizing structure would help us to understand and explain the development of late indigenous movements. According to my case study on Shi-Jou Tribe Anti-Demolition Protest, which has been conducted for three years, my findings are as follows: the main activists in this homeland defense campaign of urban indigenous groups of northern Amis Tribe are not students like those who took action in Lo-Sheng Sanatorium Conservation Movement and drew public s attention owning to their student identity; rather, the activists in Shi-Jou Tribe Anti-Demolition Protest are mobilized via networks accumulated during previous indigenous movements. Most activists outside of tribes share pan-indigenous identity and are in common social networks, and young indigenous people are deeply influenced by these networks. On this basis, Shi-Jou Tribe is thus able to connect other indigenous movements, exchange information, empower each other, strengthen solidarity, and finally, call for ethnic identity. Accordingly, I emphasize on the importance of this mobilizing structure based on the unique historical context in indigenous movements. These organizations and social networks grow their complexity as indigenous movements develop and through the use of Internet, bringing about more potential in mobilizing, hence indigenous people are capable to keep transforming their discontent into social movements. Keywords Indigenous Movement, Ethnic Identity, Mobilizing Structure, Tribalism, Shi-Jou Tribe 2

4 1994, 2005; 1999, 2003; 2001; 2005; 2005; 2005; mobilizing structure Sidney Tarrow Snow et al. 2004; della Porta and Diani

5 : : : ; 2001; theology of liberation oppositional consciousness 5

6 2005: : ; : 287 countermovement

7 , 2004 Tribalism 6 Liglav A-wu 7

8 : : ;

9 ; :

10 IPACT McCarthy and Zald 1977: collective action social movement protest event 10

11 Sra BOT ~ Sra Sra 11

12 2007: political opportunity structure Tarrow 1998: 70 legal mobilization McCann 2006:

13 2008; Pangcah

14 2007; 2010; social movement organizations, SMO BOT 21 14

15 Staggenborg 1988; Giugni 1998 Pangcah Gaga framing repertoire

16 23 della Porta and Diani 2006: : : 113 facebook plurk twitter micro-mobilization IPACT 16

17 Taluan 24 Lom'a 25 Niyaro' Pangcah

18 1991: : collective behavior approaches Smelser 1962; Gurr resource mobilization political process Tilly 1978: : McCarthy and 18

19 Zald 1973; Tilly 1978 John McCarthy Mayer Zald professionalization resource mobilization 1960 issue entrepreneurs McCarthy and Zald 1973, 1977 conscious constituencies 2005: 93 Staggenborg 1988 Doug McAdam 1982 indigenous resources 1960 McAdam 1982: McAdam cognitive liberation McAdam 1982:

20 Passy 2001; Lim 2008 mobilizing structure network Tarrow 1998; 2007 della Porta and Diani 2006: Passy a socialization function 2 a structural-connection function 3 a decision-shaping function Roger Gould 1991,

21 Gould structure Gould 1991: 727 Gould 1 2 Gould : ecology Zhao : Gould 1991; della Porta and Diani Zhao 1998:

22 weak tie strong tie : ibid 2008:

23 : 90-93; 2006: ; 1996; 2005, 2006, ,236 29,

24 TVBS

25 1996 mala-paliw 2010 A B C D E 25

26 F G

27 biographical background

28 NGO Pangcah Suming

30 mama no kapah : :

31 2009: 58; 2011:

32 ; 2007;

33 2007:

34 patektek

35 Passy

37 37

38 ~ BOT ~ BOT

39 BOT BOT 2009 Pangcah 2010 Sra

40 IPACT 40

41 : : : : :

42 : : 硏 1997 硏 : /40: : : SARS

43 (2/3): : : : : :

44 : della Porta, Donatella and Mario Diani, 2006, Social Movements: An Introduction. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. Giugni, Marco G., 1998, Was It Worth the Effort? The Outcomes and Consequences of Social Movements. Annual Review of Sociology 98: Gould, Roger V., 1991, Multiple Networks and Mobilization in the Paris Commune: American Sociological Review 56: , 1993, Collective Action and Network Structure. American Sociological Review 58: Gurr, Ted, 1970, Why Men Rebel. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. Lim, Chaeyoon, 2008, Social Networks and Political Participation: How Do Networks Matter? Social Forces 87 (2): McAdam, Doug, 1982, Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency Chicago: Chicago University Press. McCann, Michael, 2006, Law and Social Movements: Contemporary Perspectives. Annu. Rev. Law Soc. Sci : McCarthy, John D., and Mayer N. Zald, 1973, The Trend of Social Movements in America: Professionalization and Resource Mobilization. Morristown, N.J: General Learning Corporation., 1977, Resource Mobilization and Social Movements: A Partial Theory. American Journal of Sociology 82 (6): Passy, Florence, 2001, Socialization, Connection, and The Structure/Agency Gap: A Specification of the Impact of Networks on Participation in Social Movement. Mobilization 6 (2): Smelser, Neil J., 1962, Theory of Collective Behavior. New York: Free Press. Snow, David A., Sarah A. Soule, et al., 2004, Mapping the Terrain. Pp.3-16 in The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, edited by D. A. Snow, S. A. Soule and H. Krisei. Blackwell Publishing. Staggenborg, Suzanne, 1988, The Consequences of Professionalization and Formalization in the Pro-Choice Movement. American Sociological Review 53 (Aug): Tarrow, Sidney, 1998, Power in Movement: Social Movements and Contentious 44

45 Politics, 2nd ed. New York: Cambridge University Press. Tilly, Charles, 1978, From Mobilization to Revolution. New York: Random House. Zhao, Dingxin, 1998, Ecologies of Social Movements: Student Mobilization during the 1989 Prodemocracy Movement in Beijing. American Journal of Sociology 103 (6):

Microsoft Word - 從都市到部落：家園政治下的台灣原住民族運動v2.0.doc

Microsoft Word - 從都市到部落：家園政治下的台灣原住民族運動v2.0.doc * 1980 2000 protest event analysis 2000 movement trajectory homestead politics * 107 e-mail [email protected] ** 2012 2012 11 24 25 1 2011 10 9 Pangcah BOT Kahabu 1 1980 1 2011 IPACT http://ipact.atipc.org/index.php