数量优势下的恐惧

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1 SOCIOLOGY OF ETHNICITY 8, Association of Sociology of Ethnicity, Sociology Society of China Institute of Sociology and Anthropology, Peking University

2 /

3 18 self-assertion WASP - WASP WASP Hispanics 50 3

4 40 K PC political correctness, Nigger Negro black African Americans chairman chairperson PC ethnically and racially % 16% 10%

5 The Disuniting of America 2050 E PLURIBUS UNUM desperate 1/ Samuel H. Huntington: The West Unique, Not Universal, Foreign Affairs November/December,

6 PC 50 self-fulfilling expectation

7 80 7

8 84 8

9 9

11 %

12 1.5 12

13 % 64%

14 % % 6% 70 20% 33% % % % % % % 3 i ii iii % % 4 14

15 80-90% % 60% 42% 34% 30% % % % % % 14.2% 13.6% 10.9% 10.3% %

16 15% 13% 12% % % 92% % % % % % 12..2% 1 1.5% 0.9% % marrying up %

17 Ethnicity ethnic stratification social stratification Simpson and Yinger Racial and Cultural Minorities: An Analysis of Prejudice and Discrimination 11%

18 % Simpson and Yinger commuters Simpson and Yinger Black Urbanization % Simpson and Yinger % Simpson and Yinger

19 % Simpson and Yinger % 67% % % 65% % % % 4 Simpson and Yinger % 61% Simpson and Yinger % 73.2% 49.5% 16 19

20 % % % % 51.3% 48.2% 53.4% Simpson and Yinger % % % % 45% * Sullivan, * Simpson and Yinger % 14.4% 11-12% % % 36.6% % 20-21% 11.5% % % 20

21 % % % % % % % % % % King and Locke, 1980: % % % % % Simpson and Yinger Simpson and Yinger

22 Simpson and Yinger % 27.5% 20.4% Simpson and Yinger % 11.7% % 7% 19% 22

23 % 23.3% % 32% 12% 3% % Milton M. Gordon 1964 Assimilation in American Life 1 Anglo-conformity Melting-pot Cultural Pluralism Race Relations the Anisfield-Wolf Award the National Conference of Christians and Jews the Brotherhood Award 23

24 Anglo-Saxon Anglo-Saxon 1909 Anglo-Saxon Gordon A+B+C+ =A A Anglo-Saxon Anglo-Saxon The Melting Pot Melting-pot Gordon A+B+C+ =E A B C E American Melting-pot Turner 1893 Melting Pot

25 Chinatown a sub-cultural group 1961 West Side Story the Melting Pot does not always work Beyond the Melting Pot Glazer and Moynihan Horace Kallen Gordon Kallen 1924 Cultural Pluralism creation comes from the impact of diversities Gordon Gordon A+B+C+ =E A +E B +E C Gordon 25

26 Alejandro Portes Porters Burner K 1871 K K

27 %

28 % % % 1% %

29 Simpson and Yinger

30 % * * * * * * * (Ian Robertson, 1981, Sociology, New York: Worth Publishers, Inc.) 1988 John Hope Franklin, 1980, From Slavery to Freedom: A History of Negro Americans (fifth edition), New York: Alfred A. Knopf) A 1992 Dennis Gilbert and Joseph A. Karl, 1987, The American Class Structure, Chicago: The Dorsey Press Bryant Bobey, 1985, The American People, New York: Truman Talley Books

31 1977 Andre Maurois, 1964, A History of the USA, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson 1986 Frank R. Scarpitti, 1974, Social Problems, Holt: Rinehart and Winston, Inc, 1993 Thomas Sowell, 1981, Ethnic America: A History, New York: Basic Books Inc Min Zhou, 1992, Chinatown: The Socioeconomic Potential of Urban Enclave, Philadelphia: Temple University Press Burner, David and et al, 1982, An American Portrait, New Jersey: Revisionary Press. Glazer, N and D.P. Moynihan, 1970, Beyond the Melting Pot (second edition), Cambridge: The M.I.T. Press). Glazer, N and D.P. Moynihan, eds. 1975, Ethnicity, Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Gordon, M. M. 1964, Assimilation in American Life, New York: Oxford University Press. King, H. and F. B. Locke, 1980, Chinese in the U.S.: A Century of Occupational Transition, International Migration Review 14(1): Simpson, G. E and J. M. Yinger, 1985, Racial and Cultural Minorities: An Analysis of Prejudice and Discrimination (fifth edition), New York: Plenum Press. Sullivan, T. A., 1978, Racial-ethnic Differences in Labor Force Participation, F. Dean and W. Frisbie, eds. The Demography of Racial and Ethnic Groups, New York: Academic Press. pp Haitung King Frances B. Locke

32 sub-economy % % 50% % % %, % % 2.3% 47% 35% % % % % 32

33 %, % % 9% % 154% % 51% 28% 24% 33% 12% 60 Li 1978 Li

34 Yuan Light, Mississippi % H Delta Weber

35 China Town Lee 1949a 3% 46.1% 51.2% % 1966 Light Wang

36 % 21% 21% 55 7% Kuoh Li

S.M.Shirokogorroff Robert Park Alfred R. Radcliffe-Brown LSE LSE Raymond Firth Bronislaw Malinowski

S.M.Shirokogorroff Robert Park Alfred R. Radcliffe-Brown LSE LSE Raymond Firth Bronislaw Malinowski 00-5558 208 03-0089- 207 3 7 C92.4 E 20 90 2 5 8 949 208-05-0 / 0087 Fei Xiaotong The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social Theory edited by Brian H. Turner published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 207. DOI