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1 China s Borderland H istory and Geography Studies Jun12009 Vol119 No12 : ( ) 3,,,:, ( ),,,,,,,, 19,,,,,,,,, 3 :, :, :, :,1982, ,: 05JJD ; :, ;:, ; :,

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10 CO NTENTS RESEARCHS ON BORDERLAND ADM IN ISTRATION Law on the Han D yna sty s Borderland Adm in istra tion in E rn ian L vling Excava ted in Zhangjia shan L i Fang( 1 ) In ancient China, the law literatures before the Tang dynasty have been lost, the E rn ian L vling ( ), excavated in Zhangjiashan (), reserves some law literatures belong to the early W estern Han dynasty. After analyzing these literatures, this article pointed out that there are at least eight aspects of contents concerning the borderland affairs, including punishment to traitors, the pass of border area, borderland garrisoning, signal fire, mailing, borderland urgency manage2 ment, the obligation of the borderland officer, forbidding cheating in translation. Key W ords: Zhangjiashan Bamboo Slip sthe Law Concerning Border Affairs in the W estern Han Dynasty The Forma tion of Xuanfu - Da tong M ilitary D efend ing D istr ict in the M ing D yna sty W ang J iguang Sun J ian jun( 14) Xuanfu ( ) and Datong( ), belong to the N ine Border A reas ( ) of the M ing dy2 nasty, became one unified m ilitary defending district, because of their geographical location and the conflicts between the M ing dynasty and Mongol tribes. This m ilitary defending district safeguarded the cap ital, and its important strategic position led to the set up of Xuanfu - Datong V iceroy( ) who in charge of the defending affairs of the district. Key W ords: Xuanfu - Datong M ilitary Defending D istrictthe M ing Dynasty On the Eunuchs a s Borderland Governors dur ing the M ing D yna sty Hu Dan( 22) It was a unique phenomenon in the M ing dynasty s borderland adm inistration that Eunuchs were sent to borderland as governors. It was w ith a comp lex background that eunuchs were sent to borderland as governing officials in Yong Le period. A lthough eunuchs had been adm inistrating som e border areas for a long time, the namegovernor ( ) p robably were first used from the time of Ren Zong ( ) emperor, as an acknowledgement to the their activity. By the time of Xuan De ( ), thenine border areas ( ), excep t for Yansui, all had eunuchs in position, however their power were weakened. Because of eunuch s special identity, their corrup tion had bad effects. And as the civil official system s growing and thenine border areasadm inistration system s im2 p rovement, the political foundation for eunuchs to take part in borderland management had disap2 peared. After the turbulence in the Zheng De ( ) period, the institutions of eunuchs as border2 land officials were finally abolished. Key W ords: M ing DynastyN ine Border A reaseunuchs as Governors M inzhou Guard ing Post() : An Exam ple of the Early M ing D yna sty s Northwest Guard ing Posts W u M u( 31) In the early M ing dynasty, M inzhou Guarding Post() was an important position in the defending line of He, huang, M in, Tao ( ). Due to the lack of literature recordation, it s hard to get a systematic knowledge about it. But The finding of M inzhou Gua rding Post C ity B uilding Epigraphy ( ) and the reservation of the Epigraphy in E rlang H ill Cop2 per B ell ( ) p rovides valued materials for study of the early M ing dynasty s Guarding Posts in its northwest area, as to their set up, scale, organization structure, etc. Key W ords: M inzhou Guarding PostNorthwest Guarding Posts The Awareness of Ch ina s Southwest Border Secur ity in La te Q ing D yna sty: D ing Baozhen Governor a s an Exam ple Xu Jun( 44) From 1876 to1886, D ing Baozhen () was governor of Sichuan p rovince. During his ten2 148

11 ure of governor, he brought up and app lied som e new defending strategies as for Tibet security, such as Guchuanbaozang ( ) guchuantuzang ( ) Choubianyuanzang ( ), which later became the basic strategies of the Q ing dynasty s high officials in charging of Southwest borderland defending. Key W ords: D ing Baozhen () Tbiet Border Security The Rea liza tion of X in jiang( ) s Sta tus in M odern H istory D uan J in sheng( 53) In modern history, followed the aggravating borderland crisis, some peop le began to discuss Xinjiang s strategic position, ethnic and religious relations, as well as how to develop Xinjiang. Due to its important strategic position, peop le see Xinjiang as key area relating to China s exist2 ence, and peop le realized that the ethnicity and religion was the p rime p roblem in Xinjiang social and political life, the whole development of Xinjiang was important to stabilization of Xinjiang and national defending. Key W ords: Modern H istoryxinjiang s Status PEOPLES OF BORDERLAND On the Ethn ic Rela tion Thoughts of Nanzhao( ) K ingdom Cu im ingde( 62) "Nanzhao Dehua Tablet" () reflected the king of Nanzhao, Geluofeng ( ) s understanding of the relationship between Tang, Tubo, and Nanzhao. In this Tablet, Ge lu2 ofeng and Zhenhui( ) s mentality can be seen. Excep t the King of Nanzhao, Yimouxun ( ) s resentment to Tubo, his basic idea of changing his allegiance to Tang had som e other rea2 sons: Firstly, Nanzhao and the central dynasty ( Tang) have a close relationship. Secondly, the Tang Dynasty had been actively seeking Nanzhao s allegiance. Thirdly, it s the influence of Zheng2 hui. Key W ords: Nanzhao ( ) Tubo ( ) Tang DynastyEthnic Relation Thoughts The T im e and Space D istr ibution of M ongol Tr ibesin trusion of the N ine Border Area s ( ) from Xuande( ) to W a li( ) Per iod L iu J ingchun( 76) During the 190 years from Xuande period to W anli period, Mongol tribes one after the other in2 truded southward frequently. This article discusses the time and space distribution ofmongol tribes invading, as well as some main tribesinfringing feature in time and space distribution. Key W ords: XuandeW anlimongol IntrusionTime and Space D istribution Erm in Hezhuo( ) Fam ily D escendan ts and X in jiang in the Q ing D yna sty W ang X ilongm a Q inglin( 87) B y searching historical literatures, the article discusses the different recordation about Tulufan Zasagt Junwang( ) Erm in Hezhuo s sons in different literatures, Erm in fam ily descendantssucceeding of rank of nobility and their holding post of Aqimu Boke () in Kashgar and Yili, as well as Tulufan Zasagt institutions and the Q ing s restricting of Erm in Hezho fam ily s power. Key W ords: TulufanErm in Hezhuo DescendantsAqimu BokeZasagt Institutions BORDERLAND DEVELOPM ENT J ilin Prov ince s New Banner School and ItsM anchu Educa tion in the La te Q ing D yna sty L iu Yanchen( 102) Based on the archives of Banner Affairs, this article discusses J ilin Provincenew Banner school and itsm anchu education in the background of new reform of the late Q ing dynasty, including the open - up of new Banner schoolsthe reason formanchu education being emphasized, the Man2 chu - based curricular setting, and the difficulties facing M anchu education as well as the measures taken to enforce the education. Key W ords: Late Q ing DynastyJ inlin Province s New Banner SchoolManchu Education 149

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, ;,, :,,,, :,,,,,, :,,,:,,,,, :,,,, :,,,,,, 19077,,,,,,,()( ),,, (),, 1.,,:,, ;,,,, (),:, 76,1989,5153,, (),,, 76,5372,:, 1979,510511, 4(1907)8 101 20099 19 3 China s Borderland H istory and Geography Studies Sep12009 Vol119 No13 1906,, : ;,,;,6,,, 1969,, : 9923, 510070,,,, (, ),,,,,, ;,,, 1906116,, 1 : ( 1),,, ;,, ;,,,, (2),, :, 2003 4 :,2004,440446